1、直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（一种是直接引语（direct speech),即即原原封不动地引用原话，把原话放在引号内封不动地引用原话，把原话放在引号内；一种是间接引语（一种是间接引语（indirect speech)，即，即用自己的话加以用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内放在引号内。The boy said,I am smart.that he was smart.The boy saidThe butterfly said,I can fly.that it could fly.
2、The butterfly saidThe teacher said,“I am preparing a lesson.”The teacher saidthat he was preparing a lesson.She said that she liked singing.She said that she was waiting for a bus.She said that she had never met an American.She said that she would see me the next week.SUMMARY 直接引语是直接引语是陈述句陈述句,变为间变为间
3、接引语时用连词接引语时用连词that引导的引导的宾语宾语从句从句.从句中的人称从句中的人称,时态时态,指示代指示代词词,时间状语时间状语,地点状语等相应变地点状语等相应变化化.whether/if we liked singing.“Do you like singing?”He askedwhether/if I was a doctor.“Are you a doctor?”He askedHe asked me,“What can I do for you?”He asked me what he could do for me.Mary said to Ann,“How can you
4、 do that?”Mary asked Ann how she could do that.He asked them who had given them a talk.She asked us where we were going to get off.She asked me if/whether I had seen the film.He asked John if/whether he was a doctor.SUMMARY 直接引语是直接引语是一般疑问句一般疑问句,变为间接引语时变为间接引语时,用连词用连词if或或whether连接。连接。直接引语是直接引语是特殊疑问句特殊
5、疑问句,变为间接引语时变为间接引语时,仍用原来的仍用原来的疑问词疑问词作连词来引导。作连词来引导。He asked me,”Are you from Beijing?”Tom asked Ann,“Do you like apples?”Tom asked Ann if she liked apples.He asked me if/whether I was from Beijing.If vs.whether I dont know whether/if they will come to help us.(一般情况下可以通用)I dont know whether or not they
6、 will come for our help.(whether or not/whether.or not)直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加式，并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order 等的宾语。例如：等的宾语。例如：The teacher ordered,Be quiet.The captain ordered us to be quiet.注意：此种情况的否定句，在动注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加词不定式前加not。My teacher asked me,Dont laugh
7、.My teacher asked me not to laugh.直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：人称时态变化人称时态变化直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称（一随主）人称（一随主）He said,“I am very sorry.”He said that he was very sorry.直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称（二随宾）转述人说的，转换为第一人称（二随宾）“You should be more careful next time,”my father told me.
8、My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称（人称说的，转换成第三人称（二随宾）二随宾）She said to her son,“Ill check your homework tonight.”She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等
9、，如：物主代词等，如：He asked me,“Will you go to the station with me?”He asked me whether I would go to the station with him.（1）一般现在时变为一般一般现在时变为一般过去过去时时（2）现在进行时变为现在进行时变为过去过去进行时进行时（3）一般将来时变为一般将来时变为过去过去将来时将来时（4）现在完成时变为现在完成时变为过去过去完成时完成时（5）一般过去时变为一般过去时变为过去过去完成时完成时（6）过去时态不变过去时态不变 直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：时态的变化时态的变化时态不变化：
10、时态不变化：直接引语是直接引语是客观真理客观真理 “The moon moves around the earth”,the teacher told me.The teacher told me the moon moves around the earth.直接引语是直接引语是过去进行时过去进行时，时态不变，时态不变 Jack said,“John,where were you going when I met you in the street?”Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.直接引语中有
11、直接引语中有具体的具体的过去某年、某月、某日过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 2l,1980.”Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复反复出现或习惯性的动作出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。，变间接引语，时态不变。He said,“I get up at six every morning.”He said he gets up at six
12、 every morning.如果直接引语中的如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时情态动词没有过去时的形式的形式(例：例：ought to，had better,used to)和和已经是过去时的形式时已经是过去时的形式时(例：例：could,should,would,might)，时态不再变。，时态不再变。Peter said,“You had better come here today.”Peter said I had better go there that day.直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：句式变化句式变化直接引语如果是直接引语如果是陈述句陈述句，间接引语间接引语应改为由应
13、改为由that引导的引导的宾语从句宾语从句。She said,“Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是直接引语如果是一般疑问句，一般疑问句，间接引语应改间接引语应改为由为由whether或或if引导的引导的宾语从句宾语从句.但用但用陈述句陈述句语序语序 He said,“Can you swim,John?”He asked John if he could swim.“Do you go to school by bus or by bi
14、ke?”He asked me.He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.“You have finished the homework,havent you?”my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me,“W
15、hen do they have their dinner?”She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使直接引语如果是祈使句，句，间接引语应根据语气间接引语应根据语气 改为改为“tell(ask,order,beg等等)sb.(not)to do sth.”句句型。如：型。如：“Dont make any noise,”she said to the children.告诫语气告诫语气She told(ordered)the children not to make any noise.“Bring me a cup of tea,ple
16、ase,”said she.要求语气要求语气She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.1.“I never eat meat,”he said.He said that _ never _ meat.2.“Ive found my wallet,”he said to me.He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3.“I took it home with me,”she said.She said that _ _ _ it home with her.heatetoldhadfoundhisshehadtaken4.The teac
17、her said,“The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5.“I met her yesterday,”he said to me.He _ me that he _ met her the day _.6.“You must come here before five,”he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.risesgoestoldhad
18、beforehadthere7.“I bought the house 10 years ago,”he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8.“Did you see her last week?”he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9.He said,“You can sit here,Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there.hadbeforeaskedwhether/ifbeforetoldcould10.He asked,“How did you
19、 find it,mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11.“Where have you been these days?”he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12.“Do you know where she lives?”he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.howshehadwhereI hadthoseif/whetherI lived1.Did you understand_?A.what she said B.what to say C.what di
20、d she said D.how she had said2.who can tell us_about over there?A.what they talk B.what are talking C.what do they talk D.what they are talking3.The girl is thinking about _she will go abroad to study English next year.A.if B.what C.whether D.when4.the teacher said that_.A.the sun moves around the e
21、arth B.the earth moved around the sun C.the moon is our satellite D.the moon was our satelliteACCc5.I dont know when he _back,Please tell him the news when he _back.A.come;will come B.comes;comes c.will come;comes D.will come;will come 6.I dont know if his uncle _.I think he _if he is free.A.will co
22、me;comes B.will come,will come C.comes comes D.comes;will come7.There is not much different between the two.I really dont know_.A.what should I choose B.which I should choose C.which should I chose D.what I choose8.No one knows_.A.which gate we have to go B.which gate we must go C.which gate do we h
23、ave to go to D.which gate we have to go toBBDC9Do you know _?A.where does she live B.she lives whereC.where she lives D.where she live10.His parents wanted to know what he _at that time.A.is doing B.was doing C.has done D.will doCB12Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour,but could not find _?A
24、.what Lily was B.what was LilyB.C.where Lily was D.where was LilyC.C11.We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Canada.A.what he is B.when he was born B.C.where he comes from D.if he lives hereC.C13 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C.takes D.will take 14 Li
25、nda said the moon_ round the earth.A.travelled B.has travelled C.travels D.had travelled AC 15.Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow?A.if B.weather C.what D.which A16.Could you tell me _?A.when will they leave BeijingB.when would they leave BeijingC.when they will leave Beijing D.when did they leave Beijing C宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat+陈述句陈述句 ififwhetherwhether+一般疑问句一般疑问句 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句特殊疑问句时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理时态不变客观真理时态不变Thank you!
