1、(天津专用)2020届高考英语一轮复习专题十七词义猜测课件五年高考A A组自主命题组自主命题天津卷题组天津卷题组Group 1Passage 1(2019天津夏,D)词数:435Would you BET on the future of this man?He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a los-ing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning,and he has often bee
2、n in prison.Driven by heaven-knows-what motives,he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was Cervantes,and the book was Don Quixote(堂吉诃德).And the story poses an in-teresting question:why do some people disc
3、over new vitality and creativity to the end of their days,while others go to seed long before?Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark.Im not talk-ing about those who fail to get to the top.We cant all get there.Im talking about people who have stopped learning
4、 on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us,in fact,progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of spe-cialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder
5、.But,if we are willing to learn,the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we cant change.We learn to avoid self-pity.We learn that however much we try to please,some people are never going to love usan idea
6、 that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm,we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.However,we can achieve meaning only if we have made a com-mitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我),whether
7、to loved ones,to fellow hu-mans,to work,or to some moral concept.Many of us equate(视等同于)“commitment”with such“caring”occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellencewhether they are driving a
8、 truck,or running a storemake the world better just by being the kind of people they are.Theyve learned lifes most valu-able lesson.1.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that .A.loss of freedom stimulates ones creativityB.age is not a barrier to achieving ones goalC.misery inspire
9、s a man to fight against his fateD.disability cannot stop a mans pursuit of success2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.End ones struggle for liberty.B.Waste ones energy taking risks.C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.D.Lose the interest to continue learning.3.What could be
10、inferred from Paragraph 4?A.Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B.Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C.Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.D.Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.4.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?A.A tough man can t
11、olerate suffering.B.A wise man can live without self-pity.C.A man should try to satisfy people around him.D.A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.5.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B.To stress the need of shoulde
12、ring responsibilities at work.C.To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D.To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.答案答案语篇解读语篇解读 本文为议论文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为终身学习。文章通过塞万提斯创作堂吉诃德的例子,阐述了“活到老、学到老”的重要性,唯有学习才能觅得良机,唯有学习才能找到生活的意义。本文侧重于培养学生的学习能力。1.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:文章以塞万提斯的
13、故事开头是为了说明 。根据第一段可知,塞万提斯历经磨难,在53岁时才开始写堂吉诃德,根据第二段最后一句可知,塞万提斯的故事引出了一个有趣的问题:为什么有些人在生命晚年发现新的生命力和创造性,而其他人则在很久之前就失去活力了?由此可见B项符合题意,意为“年龄并不是实现个人目标的障碍”。2.D词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第三段中画线部分的意思可能是什么?根据第三段最后一句“Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing.”可知,作者谈到的是停止学习的人,故D项“失去继续学习的兴趣”符合题意。3.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第
14、四段中我们可以推断出什么?由本段内容可知,我们在某个领域取得成功后就会被困在里面,从而失去了好奇心。由最后一句“But,if we are willing to learn,the opportunities are everywhere.”可知,但是如果我们愿意学习,机会便无处不在,故C项(机会青睐那些有好奇心的人)为正确答案。4.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:在第五段中作者想告诉我们什么?第五段首句指出“我们在成熟期所学习的东西很少涉及信息和技能”,结合下文中的三句话“We learn to.We learn to.We learn that.”可知,本段主要说明了我们应该学习的东西,故D项
15、符合本段内容,意为“一个人应该学习应对生活的适当方式”。A:坚强的人可以忍受苦难;B:明智的人生活中没有自怜;C:一个人应该尽力让周围的人满意。5.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者写本文的目的是什么?由全文可知,作者通过塞万提斯创作堂吉诃德的例子阐述了学习的重要性,学习让机会无处不在,学习让生活有意义,由此可知A项(就如何过上有意义的成年生活提供指导)符合作者的写作目的。难句分析难句分析原句:Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attit
16、udes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.分析:本句中who引导定语从句,because引导原因状语从句,从句中that引导定语从句,先行词为the fixed attitudes and opinions。译文:我所谈的是那些成长过程中已经停止学习的人,因为他们已经持有往往是随着时间的流逝而采取的顽固的态度和观点。Passage 2(2019天津春,C)词数:449Essentially,everyone has two ages:a chronological(按时间计算的)age,how old the ca
17、lendar says you are,and a biological age,basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels.“Chronological age isnt how old we really are.Its merely a number,”said Professor David Sin-clair at Harvard University.“It is biological age that determines our
18、 health and ultimately our lifespan.We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes,what we eat,how much we exercise,and what environment we live in.Biological age is the number of candles we really should be blowing out.In the future,with advances in our ability to control biologi
19、cal age,we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.”To calculate biological age,Professor Levine at Yale University identified nine biomarkers(生物标志)that seemed to be the most influential on lifespan by a simple blood test.The numbers of those markers,such as blood suga
20、r and immune(免疫的)measures,can be put into the computer,and the algorithm(算式,算法)does the rest.Perhaps whats most important here is that these measures can be changed.Doctors can take this in-formation and help patients make changes to lifestyle,and hopefully take steps to improve their bi-ological co
21、nditions.“I think the most exciting thing about this research is that these things arent set in stone,”Levine said.“People can be given the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before its too late.”Levine even entered her own numbers into the algorithm.She was surprised by the
22、results.“I al-ways considered myself a very healthy person.Im physically active;I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet.But I did not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be.It was a wake-up call,”she said.Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm onlin
23、e so that anyone can calcu-late their biological age,identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run.“No one wants to live an extremely long life with a lot of chronic(慢性的)diseases,”Levine said.“By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning proble
24、ms,people can still be engaged in society in their senior years.That is the ideal we should be pursuing.”1.Biological age depends on .A.whether we can adapt ourselves to the environmentB.how well our body works compared with our peersC.when we start to take outdoor exerciseD.what the calendar says a
25、bout our age2.By saying“we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one”in Para.2,the author means .A.we dont have to celebrate our birthday every yearB.we are chronologically older than last yearC.we might be less happy than the previous yearD.we may be biologically younge
26、r than the year before3.According to Prof.Levine,what is the most exciting thing about her research?A.The measures are not fixed.B.Health services can be set up.C.The problems are not that serious.D.The research results are written in stone.4.What does the author want to tell us by Levines example i
27、n Para.5?A.It is necessary to change our diet regularly.B.The test results may give us wrong information.C.Waking up early in the morning is good for our fitness.D.The algorithm can reveal our potential health problems.5.The ultimate goal of Levines research is to .A.free people from chronic disease
28、sB.work out a solution to genetic problemsC.keep people socially active even in old ageD.provide people with access to scientific theory答案答案语篇解读语篇解读本文为说明文。基本上,每个人都有两个年龄:一个是实际年龄;一个是生物学年龄。生物学年龄决定了我们的健康,最终决定了我们的寿命。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的a biological age,basically the age at which your body func-tions as it co
29、mpares to average fitness or health levels可知B选项正确。2.D词义猜测题。根据第二段中的In the future,with advances in our ability to control biologi-cal age,we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.可知作者说“我们的生日蛋糕上的蜡烛可能比先前的还要少”意思是“我们在生理上可能比前一年更年轻”。故D选项正确。3.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的I think the most ex
30、citing thing about this research is that these things arent set in stone.People can be given the information earlier and take steps to im-prove their health before its too late.可知,这项研究最令人兴奋的地方在于人们可以采取措施来改善自己的健康,这些措施不是固定不变的,故A选项正确。4.D推理判断题。根据第五段中的It was a wake-up call及最后一段中的Levine is working with a g
31、roup to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological age,identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run.可知D选项正确。5.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的By delaying the development of mental and physical func-tioning problems,people can still be e
32、ngaged in society in their senior years.That is the ideal we should be pursuing.可知,他们的最终目标是让人们在年老的时候,依旧可以积极地进行社会生活。故C选项正确。Passage 3(2017天津夏,C)词数:330This month,Germanys transport minister,Alexander Dobrindt,proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).They would define the drivers
33、role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley”of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants thre
34、e things:that a car always chooses property(财产)damage over personal injury;that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race;and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheelto check email,saythe cars maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road tr
35、affic law will permit fully automatic driving,”says Dobrindt.It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers,he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers,consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任)issue is the biggest one of
36、them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds,UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars,introduced earlier this year,insists that a human“be watchful and monitoring the road”at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When
37、you saydriverless cars,people expect driverless cars,”Merat says.“You knowno driver.”Because of the confusion,Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully auto-mated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own
38、,says Ryan Calo at Stanford University,California.That is happening in the UK and Singapore,where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US,however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would
39、 get absolutely nowhere here,”says Calo.1.What does the phrase“death valley”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A place where cars often break down.B.A case where passing a law is impossible.C.An area where no driving is permitted.D.A situation where drivers role is not clear.2.The proposal put forward by Dob
40、rindt aims to .A.stop people from breaking traffic rulesB.help promote fully automatic drivingC.protect drivers of all ages and racesD.prevent serious property damage3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.B.It should be the
41、main concern of law makers.C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D.It should involve no human responsibility.4.Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in .A.SingaporeB.the UKC.the US D.Germany5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Autonomous Driving:Whose Liab
42、ility?B.Fully Automatic Cars:A New BreakthroughC.Autonomous Vehicles:Driver Removed!D.Driverless Cars:Root of Road Accidents答案答案语篇解读语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,题材为社科类。本文介绍了德国交通部部长Alexander Do-brindt提出的一系列有关自主驾驶车辆的法规。1.D词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句和第二段的内容可知,“They would define the drivers role”的目的是处理“death valley”,故可推知“death vall
43、ey”是一种司机的角色不明确的状况,故选D。2.B推理判断题。根据第二段可知,由Dobrindt提出的这项建议旨在帮助促进全自动驾驶。故选B。3.D推理判断题。根据第七段中的“You knowno driver.”和第八段中的“until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation”可知,消费者担心的是人的责任问题,故选D。4.C细节理解题。由最后一段中的“That would go down poorly in the US”可知选C。5.A主旨大意题。本文主要探讨无人驾驶技术在推广过程中遇到的困难,即难以界定法律责任的主体
44、,故选A。高级语块高级语块 propose v.建议govern v.规定distinguish v.区别;辨认出consumer n.消费者insurance n.保险;保险业confusion n.混乱;困惑assumption n.设想;假定难句分析难句分析原句:They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.分析:本句为复合句,本句中how such cars perform in crashes w
45、here lives might be lost为宾语从句;宾语从句中包含了一个定语从句where lives might be lost修饰crashes。译文:它们将界定在这样的汽车中司机的角色,并规定这样的汽车在可能危及生命的事故中如何表现。Passage 4(2016天津,C)词数:378When John was growing up,other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden,carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers
46、.But when John reached adulthood,he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction,a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all,he was happier.Far happier.These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed t
47、hat those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力)and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,”said George Vaillant,the psycholo-gist(心理学家)who made the discovery.“And because t
48、hey felt good about themselves,others felt good about them.”Vaillants study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47.Under Vaillant,the researchers compared the mens mental-health scores with their boyhood-ac-tivity scores.Points were awarded for part-time j
49、obs,housework,effort in school,and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprising-ly sharp.Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm rela-tions with a wide variety of people,five tim
50、es as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Workingat any ageis important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility,inde-pendenc
