1、专题十特殊句式专题十特殊句式一、强调句结构强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：1用助动词“do(does/did)动词原形”来表示强调：He does know the place well.他的确很熟悉这个地方。Do write to me when you get there.你到那儿后务必给我来信。2用形容词 very，only，single，such 等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：Thats the very textbook we used last term.这正是我们上学期用过的教材。You are the only per
2、son here who can speak Chinese.你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。3用 ever，never，very，just 等副词和 badly，highly，really 等带有ly的副词来进行强调：He never said a word the whole day.一整天，他一句话也没说。I really dont know what to do next.我的确不知道下一步该做什么。4用 in the world，on earth，at all 等介词短语可以表达更强的语气(常用于疑问句)：Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？Wha
3、t on earth is it?它究竟是什么？5用感叹句来表达强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：How interesting a story it is!这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！Oh，what a lie!啊，真是弥天大谎！6用重复来表示强调：Why！why！The cage is empty!啊！啊！笼子是空的！They walked for miles and miles.他们走了好多英里。7用倒装句(也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首)来加强语气：On the table were some flowers.桌上摆着一些花。(强调地点)Only in this way can
4、we solve this problem.只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。8用强调句型：“It is(was)被强调的部分that(who)原句其他部分”来强调说话人的意愿：Its me that he blamed.他责怪的是我。9用If来表示强调：(1)If从句I dont know who/what，etc.does/is/has，etc.；主语部分也可以用 nobody does/is/has，etc.或 everybody does/is/has，etc.来代替(这里的 if 从句往往是正话反说，反话正说)：If he cant do it，I dont know who can.
5、要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。(强调只有他能做)If Jim is a coward，everybody is.要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。(强调吉姆不是胆小鬼)(2)if 从句it be 主句(此用法可看成是第8条中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在 it be 的后面，把其他内容放在由 if 引导的从句中)：If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom.如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。If there is one thing he loves，it is money.如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。10用破折号、黑体字也可以
6、表示强调，加强语气：Its because of hard workten years of hard work.那是因为艰苦的工作10年艰苦的工作！He began the work in late May.他是在5月底开始的这项工作。(强调时间)二、倒装1主谓全倒装(谓语动词全部放在主语前面)(1)由引导词 there 引导的句子。例如：Theres an outdoor concert tonight in our school.(2)句首是表语且主语较长时。例如：Nearby were two canoes，in which they came to the island.(3)句首状
7、语为介词短语且谓语为不及物动词时。例如：From the window of the house flew an Italian flag.(4)方向副词位于句首时，若主语是名词，主谓须倒装；若主语是代词，主谓不倒装。例如：Down came the old man.Away they went.5地点副词 here，there 和时间副词 now，then 位于句首时，若主语是名词，主谓须倒装；若主语是代词，主谓不倒装。例如：Look,here comes the bus.Oh，here it comes.(用一般现在时替代现在进行时)Then came the day we had bee
8、n looking forward to.(6)as 和 though 引导让步状语从句时，通常将表语、状语、动词原形等提前。Child as he was，he knew a great deal.(child 前不可加不定冠词)Much as I like the film，I dont want to see it a second time.Try as you might，you will fail to persuade him out of the idea.Strange though it may seem，the fattest man is the youngest.2主
9、谓部分倒装(助动词或情态动词等放在主语前面)(1)only修饰副词/介词短语/状语从句时。例如：Only when nations stop quarrelling and work together to feed the poor will human rights be possible.Only in this way can you learn English well.Only then did I know I was wrong.(2)某些表示否定意义的词和短语，如 barely，hardly,scarcely，little，few，seldom，not，never，nowhe
10、re，not until，by no means(决不)，in no way(决不)，at no time(决不)等位于句首时。例如：Hardly could she walk at the age of four.Nowhere else in the world can one see more bicycles than in China.Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(3)not only.but also，no soone
11、r.than，hardly/scarcely.when 中的否定词位于句首时。例如：Not only was everything he had taken away from him，but also his German citizenship.Hardly had we got to the cinema when the film began.特别提醒：在 not only.but also 引导的两个分句中，第二个分句不倒装；在 hardly.when，no sooner.than 引导的主从句中，主句用过去完成时态并且倒装。(4)为强调状语而将 often，so(副词)提至句首时。
12、例如：Often did he go to school late.So loudly is he speaking，everybody can hear him.(5)so/such.that从句中的 so/such位于句首时。例如：So much did she worry about her daughter that she couldnt go to sleep.(6)so 作“也”讲，引导一个分句时。例如：He can swim，so can I.I wonder if your wife will go to the ball.If your wife does，so will
13、mine.若 so 只是重复它前面的内容，作“的确如此”讲时，主谓不倒装。例如：I often make mistakes.So you do but so does everybody.(7)neither，nor 作“也不”讲，引导一个分句时。例如：He didnt speak at the meeting;nor did I.(8)在表示祝愿的句中。例如：May you be happy!(9)虚拟条件状语从句中省略连词 if 时。例如：Were I you，I would not give in to him.Had I known you didnt have the key，I w
14、ouldnt have locked the door.特别提醒：如果从句中的谓语动词是过去式，则 if 不能省略，主谓部分也不倒装。三、省略句1简单句中的省略简单句中的省略包括对话，祈使句，感叹句，独立主格结构中以及不定式中的省略。不定式的省略有如下几种：(1)用于 expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish 等后。I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.我让他去看电影，但他不想去。(2)have，need，ought，be goi
15、ng，used 等后。I didnt want to go there，but I had to.我不想去那里，但又不得不去。(3)在某些形容词 glad，happy，pleased，delighted 等后。Will you join in the game？乐意参加我们的比赛吗？Id be glad to.乐意。(4)否定形式的省略用 not to。Shall I go instead of him？我替他去好吗？I prefer not to.我看还是别吧。(5)如果不定式中含有 be，have，have been，通常保留 be，have 和 have been。He hasnt fi
16、nished yet.他还没结束呢。Well，he ought to have.哟，他该结束了。2复合句中的省略(1)主句中的省略主句中的省略多见于句首，多用于日常用语中。(It is/was a)Pity you couldnt come.你不能来真可惜。在对话中答句省去整个主句，只用从句。Shall I go to play？我可以去玩吗？If you like(you can go to play)如果你喜欢去。(2)宾语从句中的省略由which，when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语及谓语，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。Please pass me on
17、e of these books,I dont care which(you pass me)请递给我一本那样的书，无所谓哪本。在 Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess 等作答句，后面跟“so”与“not”分别表示肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。Do you think it will rain？你认为会下雨吗？I hope not(that it will not rain)(I dont hope so.)希望不会下雨。引导宾语从句的从属连词 that 可省略。He said(that)he wouldnt come to the party.他
18、说他不会来参加派对。(3)定语从句中的省略关系代词在从句中做动词的宾语时。I have been to the city twice(that/which)you just visited.你刚参观完的那座城市，我去过两次。关系代词在从句中作表语时。After a score of years，Johnson is not the naughty boy(who/that)he used to be.20年后，约翰逊不再是当年那个淘气的男孩子了。关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词在从句句尾时。Generation gap is a problem(which/that)people are
19、interested in.代沟是人们感兴趣的问题。某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略，这类关系副词有 the time，every time，each time，the moment 等。Do you still remember the day(when)we first met?你仍然记得我们第一次相遇的那一天吗？某些表示地点的名词后关系副词有时也可以省略。This is the place(where)we met years ago.这就是我们多年前相遇的地方。先行词 the reason 后面的关系副词可省略。The reason(why)he did that is quite
20、 clear.他那样做的理由是非常清楚的。当先行词是 way 时，关系副词常常省略。I appreciate the way(that)you teach us.我喜欢你教我们的方式。(4)状语从句中的省略现象当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中的谓语动词是系动词be时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：a连词(as，as if，once)名词Once(he was)a teacher，he now works in a government office.他曾经当过老师，现在他在政府上班。b连词(though，whether，when)形容词Work har
21、d when(you are)young，or youll regret.年轻时工作勤奋些，否则你会后悔的。c连词(whether，as if，while)介词短语He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something。他四处打量，好像在找什么东西。d连词(when，while，though)现在分词While(I was)walking along the street，I heard my name called.我沿着大街走时，听到有人喊我的名字。e连词(when，if，even if，unless，once，until，than
22、，as)过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.这个展览比预料的还有趣。f连词(as if，as though)不定式He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.他张了张口，好像要说话。提示：当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略。Her father told her to be careful when(she was)crossing the street.她父亲告诉她过马路时要当心。当从句中的主语是it谓语动词中又含有系动词 be 时，可以把 it 和系动
23、词 be 一起省略。此时构成连词(if,unless，when，whenever)形容词的结构。Unless(it is)necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.如无必要，你最好不要查词典。另外，我们还可以用 so 或 not 代替上文内容，此时可有 ifso/not 省略句式：Get up early tomorrow.If not(you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus.明天要早起，否则会赶不上早班车的。(5)同位语从句与强调句型中的省略在 that 引导的同位语从句中
24、，that 有时可以省略。I have no doubt(that)he will succeed.我并不怀疑他会获得成功。在强调句型中，who，that 有时可以省略。It was I(who)did it.是我干了这件事。名校模拟演练名校模拟演练1(山东潍坊质量监测)Seldom _ computer games ever since he entered college.Adid he play Bhas he playedChe played Dhe has played解析：考查倒装。seldom是否定副词。否定副词放在句首，主句用部分倒装。又因句子中有since引导的状语从句，主句
25、表示从过去一直持续到现在的状态，故主句用现在完成时。答案：B2(安徽皖南八校二联)Do come here on Monday,_ we,as planned,will take part in the gathering of AIDS prevention volunteers.Athen BandCtherefore Dor解析：考查“祈使句and一般将来时”结构。as planned为插入语。语意：星期一你务必来这儿，按照预定的计划，我们要参加艾滋病预防宣传志愿者集会。答案：B3(长春调研)_ she is not so cheerful _ she used to be?AHow i
26、s it that;as BWhy is it that;whatCIs it why;that DHow it is that;as解析：考查强调句的特殊疑问句形式。强调句的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问词is/was it that其他部分？选项B中的what不能和前面的so构成同级比较，因此A项正确。答案：A4(福建六校三联)You forgot your purse when you went out.Good heavens,_.Aso did I Bso I didCI did so DI so did解析：考查倒装句。so did I表示“我也这样做了(两句话的主语不一致时使用)”；s
27、o I did表示“我的确这样做了(两句话的主语是同一个人，不表示强调)”。I so did是错误的表达方式。由语境可知，B项正确，即“我的确忘了带钱包”。答案：B5(成都市摸底测试)Dont forget to return the book in two weeks._.Dont worry about it.AYes,I wont BNo,I wontCSorry,I wouldnt DI dont think so解析：考查特殊句式。上一句是否定祈使句，再结合答语的后一句可知说话人不会忘记，所以选择B项，意思是“是的，我不会忘记”。答案：B6(重庆一中)Not until he cal
28、led the secretary three times _ that the manager went to an important meeting.Adid he tell Bhe toldCwas he told Dhe was told解析：否定词not置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，加之he与tell为动宾关系，故主句应用被动语态，所以选C。答案：C7(郑州一调)It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.Awas until;when Bwas not unt
29、il;thatCwas not until;when Dwas until;that解析：考查强调句型。该句是对not.until.结构的强调，语意为：直到我们在一起待了两周后我才发现我们有很多共同之处。答案：B8(江西高安中学)Did you see who the driver was?No,so quickly _ that I couldnt get a good look at his face.Adoes the car speed by Bthe car sped byCdid the car speed by Dthe car speeds by解析：考查倒装句。句型so.th
30、at.中so与其后形容词或副词置于句首时，主句部分采用部分倒装结构；此句时态为一般过去时，借助于助动词did构成倒装句。答案：C9(九江地区联考)Hardly _ the phone _ I was told that the hotel had been booked full.AI had picked up;whenBhad I picked up;thenChad I picked up;whenDI had picked up;then解析：考查倒装句和固定句式。本句使用了“hardly.when.”句式，表示“刚一就”；当否定副词hardly放在句首时，主句要用倒装结构，因此选C。近年高考试题的单项填空部分有不 少试题都呈现“复合型”，一个试题中考查两个或多个语法知识。答案：C10(江西上高二中)_ he is,_ he can do something that grownups do.AA boy as;but BA boy though;yetCBoy as;yet DBoy as;but解析：考查特殊句式。语意：虽然他只是一个孩子，但是他可以做一些成年人做的事情。前半句是as引导的让步状语从句，表语前置；此处表语为名词，其前不加冠词。此结构可以和yet，still等连用，但不可与but连用。答案：C
