1、1.细节理解题 2.推理判断题 3.主旨大意题 4.词义猜测题 5.文章结构题 五类题型 分类突破专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步A(2017河南开封质检河南开封质检)Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime.She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understandi
2、ng about black culture in America.题型突破(十四)文章结构之写作手法题Her poems described conditions among the poor，racial inequality and drug use in the black community.She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women.But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people.She was an ex
3、pert at the language of poetry.She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience.In her early poetry，Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago.The South Side of Chicago is where many black people live.In her poems，the South Side is called Bronzeville.I
4、t was A Street in Bronzeville that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945.Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions of the black experience during the time.The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.In 1950，Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African Ameri
5、can to win the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.She won the prize for her second book of poems called Annie Allen.Annie Allen is a collection of poetry about the life of a Bronzeville girl as a daughter，a wife and mother.She experiences loneliness，loss，death and being poor.Ms Brooks said that winning the p
6、rize changed her life.Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called Maud Martha.Maud Martha received little notice when it was first published.But now it is considered an important work by some critics.Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today.In
7、 some of her poems，Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are.One example is this poem，Corners on the Curing Sky.By the end of the 1960s，Gwendolyn Brookss poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville.She wrote about a wider world and
8、dealt with important political issues.语篇解读语篇解读文章介绍了普利策诗歌奖的第一位非裔美国人得主文章介绍了普利策诗歌奖的第一位非裔美国人得主女诗女诗人格温德琳人格温德琳布鲁克斯的作品成就和作品风格。布鲁克斯的作品成就和作品风格。语篇解读1.What does the text mainly talk about?A.The life of Gwendolyn Brooks.B.The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks.C.The understanding about black culture.D.The struggles of b
9、lack women.答案解析231解析解析主旨大意题。文章向我们介绍了著名女诗人布鲁克斯的诗歌风格主旨大意题。文章向我们介绍了著名女诗人布鲁克斯的诗歌风格及作品特点。故及作品特点。故B项最为恰当。项最为恰当。42.What can we learn about Gwendolyn Brooks from the second paragraph?A.She mainly wrote about the struggles of black women.B.She was good at using the language of poetry.C.Her writing skills wer
10、e a little worse than her ability.D.Her poems were mainly about the African experience.答案解析解析解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“She was an expert at the language of poetry.”可知，她是诗歌语言运用方面的专家，即她擅可知，她是诗歌语言运用方面的专家，即她擅长运用诗歌语言。故选长运用诗歌语言。故选B项。项。23143.The author develops the passage mainly by .A.providi
11、ng examplesB.using statisticsC.comparing opinionsD.describing her experiences答案解析2314解析解析写作手法题。文章介绍的是诗人的诗歌成就及特点，根据文中的写作手法题。文章介绍的是诗人的诗歌成就及特点，根据文中的A Street in Bronzeville，Annie Allen，Maud Martha，Corners on the Curing Sky等可知，文章列举了她大量的作品作为例证。故选等可知，文章列举了她大量的作品作为例证。故选A项。项。4.In the next part，the author wou
12、ld most probably talk about .A.the difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meetB.the poems related to political issuesC.the awards Gwendolyn Brooks gainedD.the racial inequality the black had to face答案解析2314解析解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political
13、 issues.”可知，可知，20世纪世纪60年代末，她的年代末，她的诗歌内容从人们的日常经历扩展到更宽的领域，开始涉及重要的政治问诗歌内容从人们的日常经历扩展到更宽的领域，开始涉及重要的政治问题，所以下文很可能会谈论与该话题相关的作品。题，所以下文很可能会谈论与该话题相关的作品。B(2017黑龙江哈尔滨六中期末黑龙江哈尔滨六中期末)Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%，according to new UCL research carried ou
14、t as part of the Public Health Research Center.The study，published in JAMA Psychiatry，found a two-way relationship between depression and physical activity.People who increased their weekly activity reported fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active，particula
15、rly at younger ages.Researchers followed 11,135 people born in 1958 up until the age of 50，recording depressive symptoms and levels of physical activity at regular intervals in adulthood.They found that each additional activity period per week reduced odds of depression by 6%.In England 19%of men an
16、d 26%of women are currently classed as“inactive”，and this study suggests that activity could significantly improve their mental as well as physical health.“Assuming the association is causal，physical activity has a protective effect against depression.If an adult between their twenties and forties w
17、ho isnt physically active became active 3 times per week，they would reduce their risks of depression by about 16%，”says Dr Snehal of the UCL Institute of Child Health，lead author of the study.Professor Mark，director of the Public Health Research Center，said，“Many people are already aware of the bene
18、fits of physical activity on their general health，but now we are seeing more evidence that suggest it also has a positive effect on a persons mental well-being.The latest research highlights just how important it is to ensure that people are working and living in environments that allow them to be b
19、oth physically active and mentally healthy.”语语篇解读篇解读研究表明，随着每周锻炼身体次数的增加，人们患上抑郁症研究表明，随着每周锻炼身体次数的增加，人们患上抑郁症的风险会降低。的风险会降低。语篇解读5.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To tell us a fun story about how to protect us against depression.B.To introduce a research on the link between activity an
20、d depression.C.To persuade readers to increase their weekly activity.D.To describe the disadvantages of physical activity.答案解析675解析解析写作意图题。本文主要介绍了一项科学研究成果，该成果表明每写作意图题。本文主要介绍了一项科学研究成果，该成果表明每周锻炼身体次数的增加可以降低人们患上抑郁症的风险。所以作者的写周锻炼身体次数的增加可以降低人们患上抑郁症的风险。所以作者的写作目的是劝人们多锻炼。故选作目的是劝人们多锻炼。故选C。86.According to the s
21、econd paragraph，if people increase their weekly activity，.A.their depressive symptoms will be fewerB.their depressive symptoms will be moreC.they will become much youngerD.they will become more depressive解析解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的细节理解题。根据第二段中的“People who increased their weekly activity reported fewer depress
22、ive symptoms.”可知，如果人可知，如果人们增加他们每周锻炼的次数，就会减少抑郁症的发生。故选们增加他们每周锻炼的次数，就会减少抑郁症的发生。故选A。答案解析67587.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Dr Snehal thinks it important to be both physically and mentally healthy.B.The research shows men are more active in physical activities than
23、 women.C.Adults who insist on physical activity will reduce depression completely.D.Increasing physical activities can free people from depression in a way.解析解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%.”可知，可知，增加锻炼身体的次数在某种程度
24、上能降低患上抑郁症的风险。故选增加锻炼身体的次数在某种程度上能降低患上抑郁症的风险。故选D。答案解析67588.The author shows his view mainly by .A.doing researchB.comparing and contrastingC.trying on himselfD.discussing and summarizing答案解析6758解析解析写作手法题。本文通过对比锻炼身体的次数与患上抑郁症风险写作手法题。本文通过对比锻炼身体的次数与患上抑郁症风险的概率，表明了增加身体锻炼的次数，在某种程度上能降低患上抑郁的概率，表明了增加身体锻炼的次数，在某种程
25、度上能降低患上抑郁症的风险。故选症的风险。故选B。C(2017陕西西安铁一中学三模陕西西安铁一中学三模)It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar，but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a diet.Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weigh
26、t，those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says，“Light to moderate alcohol intake，especially of wine，may be more likely to protect against，rather than promote，weight gain.”The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol res
27、earch reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions，particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.Boston Universitys Dr Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制生物学机制)relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly under
28、stood.His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿糖尿病病)，which relate to increasing obesity.Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.The group says alco
29、hol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat，and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods.They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks，t
30、aking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight.语篇解读For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases ones risk of becoming obese.Whats more，a study three years ago suggested tha
31、t resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.语篇解读语篇解读研究发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适量饮酒的人研究发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适量饮酒的人并不会发胖，反而会减肥，并且不会患上糖尿病。并不会发胖，反而会减肥，并且不会患上糖尿病。9.The passage is mainly for those .A.who produce wineB.who have a drinking habitC.who go on a dietD.who are eager to lose w
32、eight答案解析1011912解析解析写作对象题。根据文章第一段可知，研究发现酒也可能成为人写作对象题。根据文章第一段可知，研究发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒反而会使人减肥。全文都在叙述与之有们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒反而会使人减肥。全文都在叙述与之有关的研究，那么本文应该是写给那些喝酒的人的。故选关的研究，那么本文应该是写给那些喝酒的人的。故选B。10.How does the writer clarify his view at the very beginning?A.By quotation.B.By comparison.C.By question.D.By stat
33、ement.答案解析解析解析写作手法题。根据第一段第二句写作手法题。根据第一段第二句“Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight，those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.”可知，尽管酗酒的确可以增加体重，可知，尽管酗酒的确可以增加体重，但是那些适量饮酒的人实际上会减肥。根据连词但是那些适量饮酒的人实际上会减肥。根据连词while可知上下文存在对可知上下文存在对比关系。故选比关系。故选B。101191211.What
34、 can we learn from the passage?A.Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.B.Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat.C.The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.D.The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very c
35、lear.答案解析解析解析推理判断题。根据第三段第二句推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病糖尿病)，which relate to increasing obesity.”可知，适量饮酒有保护作用。故选可知，适量饮酒有保护作用。故选C。101191212.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph
36、 that follows?A.How to do some easy experiments.B.How to reduce the calories contained in wine.C.How to prove the finding mentioned above.D.How to make wine in a healthy way.答案解析解析解析篇章结构题。根据文章最后一句篇章结构题。根据文章最后一句“Whats more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grape
37、s and red wine destroys fat cells.”可知，一项研究表明葡萄和红酒中存在的白可知，一项研究表明葡萄和红酒中存在的白藜芦醇藜芦醇(resveratrol)实际上可以破坏肥胖细胞，那么接下来就应该证明这实际上可以破坏肥胖细胞，那么接下来就应该证明这一理论的正确性。故选一理论的正确性。故选C。1011912D(2017福建泉州一模福建泉州一模)We know a lot about the advantages and disadvantages of reading a hard-copy book vs reading electronically.The pro
38、blem is，many of us refuse to listen.Dont get me wrong：Digital reading has some real advantages.Ask people what they like most about reading on digital screens，and you will hear over and over again about the convenience.More points for digital reading：E-books tend to be cheaper.Theres also the enviro
39、nmental argument.Think of the trees!Yet the soundness of this case is arguable.The earth metals to build e-readers are not just rare but highly poisonous.And think about all that energy needed to run servers and cooling fans.And remember，trees are a renewable resource.Then，theres the appeal of a har
40、d copy.Many people prefer print when reading both for pleasure and for school or work.Drawing examples from my own research，some of the reasons are aesthetic(美学的美学的).Others involve a sense of accomplishment，ease of annotation(“I can write on the pages”)，and navigation(“easy to locate where I was”).M
41、eanwhile，I hear abundant complaints about eye strain(干涩干涩)and headaches when using screens.Much of what students liked about reading print involved their minds.They say“its easier to focus”.”.Some also acknowledged they took more time with printed text and read more carefully.But what makes the fail
42、ure of electronic reading is concentration.More than 92 percent of those I surveyed said they concentrate best when reading a hard copy.When a digital device has an Internet connection，its hard to resist the temptation(诱惑诱惑).So if digital interruptions dont threaten your enjoyment or understanding o
43、f a text，then medium may not matter.Casual reading like David Baldacci?If you break to check sports scores，little harm done.But just dont expect to understand Joyces novels this way.语语篇解读篇解读文章分析了阅读纸质书和阅读电子书的优缺点，鼓励人们更文章分析了阅读纸质书和阅读电子书的优缺点，鼓励人们更多地阅读纸质书。多地阅读纸质书。语篇解读13.What is an advantage of reading a h
44、ard-copy book?A.It is cheaper.B.It is easier to carry around.C.It helps people think deeper.D.It provides instant information.解析解析推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容可知，学生们喜欢阅读纸质书推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容可知，学生们喜欢阅读纸质书主要是因为他们主要是因为他们“更容易专注更容易专注”。一些学生也承认他们会花更多的时间。一些学生也承认他们会花更多的时间阅读纸质课文并且阅读得更仔细。所以阅读纸质书的优点是帮助人们更阅读纸质课文并且阅读得更仔细。所以阅读纸质书的
45、优点是帮助人们更深刻地思考。故选深刻地思考。故选C。答案解析14151314.Whats the biggest problem of reading digitally?A.Environmental concern.B.Physical discomfort.C.Concentration.D.Internet connection.解析解析细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“But what makes the failure of electronic reading is concentration.”可知，电子阅读的最大问可知，电子阅读的最大问
46、题是专注。故选题是专注。故选C。答案解析14151315.How is the passage mainly developed?A.By analyzing possible reasons.B.By providing typical examples.C.By listing practical suggestions.D.By presenting direct comparisons.答案解析解析解析写作手法题。根据文章内容可知，文章通过比较阅读纸质书和写作手法题。根据文章内容可知，文章通过比较阅读纸质书和阅读电子书的优缺点展开阐述，可知正确答案是阅读电子书的优缺点展开阐述，可知正确
47、答案是D。141513专题一高考作文专项突破专项突破一三类热点作文的审题立意千古文章意为高。“意犹帅也，无帅之兵，谓之乌合。”作文的“意”就是作文的“帅”，可见审题立意之重要。立意直接关系到文章的选材、布局，乃至文章的深度。立意是决定考场作文脱颖而出的重要因素。因此，我们必须掌握常见作文的审题立意的方法。类型一一般文字材料作文的审题立意（一）提炼中心法这是写材料作文最为常见和稳妥的审题立意的方法。如果能准确提炼材料的中心，并以之作为文章的主旨，那么所写文章定能既切题又有深度。那么，如何提炼中心呢？考生在审题时要透过现象看本质，从列举的现象中概括出规律（或材料中心）的内容。具体操作时，一般可分为
48、三步：1.概括中心（人物事件结果）；2.提炼道理（一般有关键词句提示）；3.组织观点句，并将其压缩成主谓宾完整的句子。【例1】阅读下面的文字，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。秋天，雁群为过冬而朝南方迁徙，沿途以“V”字队形飞行，当每一只大雁展翅拍打时，其他的大雁立刻跟进，整个雁群随之抬升。借着“V”字队形，整个雁群比每只大雁单飞时，至少增加了71%的飞升能力。最重要的是，雁群从不会丢下队友不管，假如一只大雁因生病或受伤而脱队时，会有两只大雁脱队跟随它，并帮助和保护它，直到那只大雁能够独立飞行或死掉，它们才会飞走。要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，
49、不要套作，不得抄袭。（1）请提炼这则材料的中心：_（2）确定你的文章立意：_【写作提示】此题属于材料作文，材料叙述的是自然界中鸟类的迁徙现象。审题时先要弄清材料的中心内容。材料叙述的是雁群向南方迁徙时的两个场景：一是雁群呈“V”字队形飞行；二是有一只大雁脱队时，会有两只大雁跟随着帮助和保护它，直到那只大雁能够独立飞行或死掉。然后可以从中提炼出中心：从材料中雁群飞行时呈“V”字队形，使“整个雁群随之抬升”“整个雁群比每只大雁单飞时，至少增加了71%的飞升能力”，可以提炼出团队的力量等相关信息；从一只大雁掉队，会有两只大雁留下来帮助它，可以提炼出团结互助、朋友间相互关怀等相关信息。【立意参考】（1
50、）团结互助；（2）团结起来力量大；（3）个人与集体不可分割；（4）要有团队精神。（二）抓关键词句法对于材料作文而言，考生在审题立意时除了要整体把握材料内容，提炼材料中心外，还要能抓住材料的关键语句和词语，领悟材料的内涵和主旨，再对内涵和主旨进行拓展和挖掘。我们知道，材料中的关键词句往往是“文眼”，材料的主旨蕴含其中，所以可以将关键词句作为把握材料进行审题立意的突破口。值得注意的是，材料中的关键句往往是人物的评论性语句、命题者的提示性语言等。【例2】阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。经过了九十年的沧桑漂泊，一位诗人终于站在了上帝的面前，上帝很纳闷地问他：“我让你这一生经历这么多坎坷蹉跎，承担生命所不能
