1、题型二自由类填空第4讲冠词、介词和代词技法技法1当空格需要填冠词时的解题技巧当空格需要填冠词时的解题技巧空格后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指空格后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义含义,或有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级或有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时等形式时,则空格处一般填冠词。则空格处一般填冠词。1.【解析】【解析】a。考查冠词。根据句意。考查冠词。根据句意“我们以为这是一我们以为这是一个玩笑个玩笑”,以及以及joke为可数名词为可数名词,可知用不定冠词。可知用不定冠词。2.【解析】【解析】the。考查定冠词。考查定冠词。the past 25 years
2、 意为意为“过去的过去的25年年”,此处特指过去的此处特指过去的25年。年。3.【解析】【解析】the。考查固定搭配。考查固定搭配。at the top of ones lungs尽量大声地尽量大声地,声嘶力竭地。声嘶力竭地。【技法点金】【技法点金】明晰冠词的解题思路明晰冠词的解题思路1.明确冠词在句中的习惯位置明确冠词在句中的习惯位置冠词是名词的标志冠词是名词的标志,当空格后面是名词或当空格后面是名词或“形容词形容词+名名词词”,而且没有其他限定词时而且没有其他限定词时,一般需要用冠词。一般需要用冠词。2.辨析特指和泛指辨析特指和泛指在文中第一次提到某人或某物时在文中第一次提到某人或某物时,
3、一般为泛指一般为泛指,用不定用不定冠词冠词;第二次提到时用定冠词表特指第二次提到时用定冠词表特指;当名词前有定语当名词前有定语修饰时修饰时,多数情况用定冠词表特指多数情况用定冠词表特指;序数词或最高级前序数词或最高级前要用定冠词。要用定冠词。3.注意注意a与与an的选用的选用:主要看名词首字母的发音主要看名词首字母的发音,而不是而不是首字母。首字母。4.牢记含有冠词的固定搭配牢记含有冠词的固定搭配含有不定冠词的固定搭配含有不定冠词的固定搭配have a rest(休息休息);have a break(休息休息);take a walk(散散步步);have a look(看一看看一看);in
4、a moment(立刻立刻);in a minute(马上马上);once upon a time(曾经曾经);twice a week(一周两次一周两次);a type of(一种一种);a pile of(一堆一堆);a greatamount of(大量的大量的);as a result(结果结果);in a hurry(立刻立刻);in a word(总之总之);have a good knowledge of(了解了解)等。等。含有定冠词的固定搭配含有定冠词的固定搭配make the most of(充分利用充分利用);in the daytime(白天白天);in the end(
5、最后最后);in the habit of(有有习惯习惯);not in the least(not at all)(一点也不一点也不);in the distance(在远处在远处);in the way(挡道挡道);on the whole(总之总之);on the right/left(在在右右/左边左边);at the same time(同时同时);at the moment(此时此时);on the spot(当场当场);go to the cinema/theatre(去看电影去看电影);to tell the truth(说实话说实话);go to the doctors(去看
6、病去看病);for the time being(暂时暂时);on the radio/phone(通过无线通过无线电广播电广播/广播电话广播电话);by the way(顺便说一下顺便说一下)等。等。【易错警示】【易错警示】特指泛指辨不清特指泛指辨不清,冠词误用冠词误用Of the two apples,I prefer _ bigger one.It is _ most delicious one,I think.【剖析】【剖析】题题特指两个苹果中较大的那个特指两个苹果中较大的那个,应用定冠词应用定冠词the;题题泛指一个非常可口的苹果泛指一个非常可口的苹果,应用不定冠词应用不定冠词a。【
7、过关检测】【过关检测】1.(2017全国卷全国卷)This included digging up the road,laying the track and then building a strong roof over _ top.2.(2017全国卷全国卷)As _ result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.thea3.(2017浙江浙江6月高考月高考)For Pahlsson,its return was _wonder.4.(2017浙江浙江11月高考月高考)Like
8、many things in life,its _ ongoing process,and the best part of the process is that theres enough room for improvement.aan5.Painting was contemporary with calligraphy,sharing _ same toolsnamely,brush and ink.6.When a course is completed,users can receive _electronic certificate or pay for a paper cop
9、y.thean技法技法2当空格需要填介词时的解题技巧当空格需要填介词时的解题技巧当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时语时,其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。词、形容词的搭配。1.【解析】【解析】of。考查介词。考查介词。a pack of为固定搭配为固定搭配,表示表示“一群一群”,故填故填of。2.【解析】【解析】for。考查介词。考查介词。search for为固定搭配为固定搭配,意意为为“寻找寻找,搜索搜索”。3.【解析】【解析】for。考查固定搭配。考查固定搭配。be
10、well-known for 因因而出名。而出名。【技法点金】【技法点金】牢记常考介词构成的短语牢记常考介词构成的短语1.由由at构成的短语构成的短语 at dawn/sunrise/noon/night/dusk黎明、日出、中午、黎明、日出、中午、晚上、黄昏晚上、黄昏;at table/college吃饭、上大学吃饭、上大学;at last最最后后;at a time一次一次;at times有时候有时候;at the same time同同时时;at all costs不惜一切代价不惜一切代价;at least至少至少;at thethought/sight of一想到一想到/一看到一看到
11、;at home在家在家;at risk冒冒险险;at one time曾经曾经;at present目前目前;at first最初最初;at most至多至多2.由由by构成的短语构成的短语by accident/chance偶然偶然;by turns轮流轮流;by check用支票用支票;by mistake错误地错误地;by no means决不决不;by e-mail通过电通过电子邮件子邮件;by birth出身出身;by means of借助借助手段手段;by the way顺便说一句顺便说一句 3.由由from构成的短语构成的短语 from memory凭记忆凭记忆;from da
12、y to day日复一日日复一日;from now on 从现在起从现在起;from bad to worse越来越糟越来越糟;from beginning to end 从头到尾从头到尾;from time to time时不时地时不时地4.由由in构成的短语构成的短语in high/poor/bad spirits情绪高涨情绪高涨/低落低落/差差;in tears热泪热泪盈眶盈眶;in fear在恐惧中在恐惧中;in danger在危险中在危险中;in peace和和平相处平相处;in surprise惊讶惊讶;in trouble陷入困境陷入困境;in safety很安全很安全;in n
13、eed有需要有需要;in good order很整齐很整齐;in silence静静地静静地;in doubt有疑问有疑问;in a sense从某种意义上来说从某种意义上来说;in flower开花开花;in advance事先事先;in the meantime同时同时;in case假使假使;in case of如果发生如果发生;in fact实际上实际上;in general一般说来一般说来;in turn 轮流轮流;in public公开地公开地;in short总之总之;in ones opinion在某人看来在某人看来;in no time立刻立刻;in all总共总共;in b
14、rief简而言之简而言之;in good condition状况好状况好;in order井井有条井井有条;in other words换句话说换句话说;in return作作为报答为报答;in the course of在在过程中过程中;in the end最后最后;in the long run从长远来看从长远来看5.由由on构成的短语构成的短语 on board乘乘(车车,飞机飞机);on duty值班值班;on fire着火着火;on earth到底到底;on holiday/vacation度假度假;on strike罢工罢工;on show在上映在上映;on(the)average
15、平均平均;on purpose故意地故意地;on the contrary相反相反;on the way to在途中在途中;on foot步行步行;on hire雇用雇用;on business出差出差;on sale在出售在出售/在打折在打折;on a visit在访问在访问;on the spot当场当场;on the phone在打在打/接接电话电话;on time准时准时6.由由of构成的短语构成的短语of+抽象名词抽象名词=形容词形容词of+great/much+抽象名词抽象名词=very+形容词形容词如如It is of great/much value.=It is very v
16、aluable.of+no+抽象名词抽象名词=not+形容词形容词如如It is of no use.=It is not useful.=It is useless.7.由由out of构成的短语构成的短语 out of breath气喘吁吁气喘吁吁;out of control失去控制失去控制;out of danger脱险脱险;out of work失业失业;out of date过时过时;out of fashion不时尚不时尚;out of order发生故障发生故障;out of reach拿不拿不到到;out of touch失去联系失去联系;out of the questio
17、n不可能不可能;out of question没问题没问题【易错警示】【易错警示】逻辑不清逻辑不清,介词误用介词误用When I was a college student,our English professor left a deep impression _me.When I was a college student,our English professor left a deep impression _being a kind man.【剖析】【剖析】题题意为意为“给我留下了深刻的印象给我留下了深刻的印象”,应用介词应用介词on;题题意为意为“给人亲切的印象给人亲切的印象”,应
18、用介词应用介词of。【过关检测】【过关检测】1.(2018浙江浙江6月高考月高考)If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _ dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.for2.(2017浙江浙江11月高考月高考)You wouldnt think that a few months of exercise in your teens would be enough _the rest of y
19、our life.3.(2019石家庄一模石家庄一模)Calligraphy was regarded _ a fine art long before painting.foras4.(2019山东省实验中学二模山东省实验中学二模)Approaches to learning Chinese vary from person to person,_ more and more people choosing university courses in Russia.5.The French ruler Louis the Fourteenth had a big influence _ th
20、e direction of ballet in its early history.withon6._ fact,it used to be the way to describe the speed of the superhero Supermanhe is“faster than a speeding bullet”.In技法技法3当空格需要填代词时的解题技巧当空格需要填代词时的解题技巧当句中缺少主语或宾语时当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词一般要填代词,主要包主要包括不定代词和括不定代词和it。1.【解析】【解析】it。考查代词。考查代词。it作形式主语作形式主语,不定式不定式to
21、 eat out为真正的主语。为真正的主语。2.【解析】【解析】it。考查代词。根据句意可知。考查代词。根据句意可知,此处表示此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步我们都应该试着跑跑步”,故填代词故填代词it,指代上文的指代上文的run。【技法点金】【技法点金】1.熟记不定代词的区别熟记不定代词的区别the other指两者中的另一个指两者中的另一个,表示特指。表示特指。other作前置定语作前置定语,修饰可数名词复数修饰可数名词复数,不可单独使用不可单独使用,表示泛指表示泛指,意为意为“另外的另外的,其他的其他的”。others泛指泛指“其他人其他人”或或“其他物其他物”,常用结构常用结构:some
22、.others.;而而the others表示特定范围中的表示特定范围中的“另另外的全部外的全部”。another泛指同类的人或物泛指同类的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另指三者或三者以上的另一个一个,可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个一个”,其复其复数形式是数形式是ones。that/those指代前面出现过的名词。指代前面出现过的名词。that指代单数名指代单数名词或不可数名词词或不可数名词,而而those指代复数名词。指代复数名词。2.牢记代词牢记代词it的常考用法的常考用法指代天气、时间、
23、距离等。指代天气、时间、距离等。代替上文提到过的事物。代替上文提到过的事物。代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。it的常用固定句型的常用固定句型It is/was+被强调成分被强调成分+that+其他其他It+be+adj.+of/for sb.to do sth.It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj.+that.It
24、 seems/appears/turned out/occurred to sb.+that.It is said/reported/believed.+that.It takes sb.some time/money to do sth.主语主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep.+it+补语补语+to do sth./that.主语主语+like/hate/love/appreciate.+it+从句从句【易错警示】【易错警示】混淆代词混淆代词,指代错误指代错误They take their dogs for walks and give _
25、 good food and medical care.They take their dog for walks and give _ good food and medical care.【剖析】【剖析】题题指代的是指代的是dogs,应用人称代词应用人称代词them;题题指代指代的是的是dog,应用人称代词应用人称代词it。【过关检测】【过关检测】1.(2017全国卷全国卷)However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were u
26、sing _ every day.it2.(2019广州二模广州二模)If you pick one and put _ in your mouth,you will surely never forget the wonderful taste produced by the burning sun and the desert wind of southern Xinjiang.3.Starbucks,an international coffee chain,is to offer its customers a discount if _ bring their own cups to have drinks at the cafe.itthey
