1、How to write well?金华市教研室金华市教研室 诸才章诸才章课标要求（八级）课标要求（八级）1.能写出连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事能写出连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；情或表达观点和态度；2.能根据课文写摘要；能根据课文写摘要；3.能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺；能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺；4.能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告。或报告。浙江省高考写作要求浙江省高考写作要求（09）本部分共分两节，测试考生的语言知识）本部分共分两节，测试考生的语言知识和书面表达能力，要求考生根据提示完成所规和书面表达能力，要求考生根据
2、提示完成所规定的任务。考生应能：定的任务。考生应能：（1）准确使用语法和词汇；）准确使用语法和词汇；（2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚地表达自）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚地表达自己的意见。己的意见。(10/11)(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。）有效运用所学语言知识。满分满分30分。要求考生根据题示，用英语写一篇分。要求考生根据题示，用英语写一篇100120个词的短文，提示的形式有图画、图个词的短文，提示的形式有图画、图表、文字等。表、文字等。近近5 5年高考书面表达题回顾年高考书面表达题回顾0606年：围绕年：围绕“看电影还是读
3、原著看电影还是读原著”谈自己的看法。谈自己的看法。0707年：结合自己英语学习的体会，就英语课的教学年：结合自己英语学习的体会，就英语课的教学语言发表自己的看法。语言发表自己的看法。0808年：围绕年：围绕“人们完成工作的方式人们完成工作的方式”展开讨论，谈展开讨论，谈谈自己对独立做事和小组合作谈自己对独立做事和小组合作 做事的看法。做事的看法。0909年：以年：以“学生记者学生记者”的身份写一则新闻报道，叙的身份写一则新闻报道，叙述学生志愿者去阳光敬老院的一次活动。述学生志愿者去阳光敬老院的一次活动。1010年：为班级黑板报写一篇题为年：为班级黑板报写一篇题为“每周一星每周一星”的短的短文，
4、即要求叙述李越的事迹及其对同学的影响，有文，即要求叙述李越的事迹及其对同学的影响，有要求做出评论。要求做出评论。近近5年高考书面表达题特点年高考书面表达题特点1.所设计的情景真实性程度较高；所设计的情景真实性程度较高；2.贴近当前社会实际；贴近当前社会实际；3.符合考生的认知水平和生活经历；符合考生的认知水平和生活经历；4.写作要求明确，要点提示简明；写作要求明确，要点提示简明；5.必写内容有一定的控制性；必写内容有一定的控制性；6.要求考生发表意见和看法等，有一定的开放要求考生发表意见和看法等，有一定的开放性；性；7.考生的作文在语言功能和句式的使用具有多考生的作文在语言功能和句式的使用具有
5、多样性；样性；8.试题的效度和区分度增强。试题的效度和区分度增强。书面表达评分标准书面表达评分标准1.要点全面、表达准确、语句连贯；要点全面、表达准确、语句连贯；2.能用书写体熟练清楚地书写，格式、能用书写体熟练清楚地书写，格式、连笔、词距、标点符号正确；连笔、词距、标点符号正确；3.行文及礼貌用语等无严重错误；行文及礼貌用语等无严重错误；4.基本语法和常用句型无严重错误，意基本语法和常用句型无严重错误，意思表达清楚；思表达清楚；5.鼓励使用多样的句子结构与新颖词汇，鼓励使用多样的句子结构与新颖词汇，连接顺畅。连接顺畅。2009年作文得分情况年作文得分情况得得分分123456789101112
6、131415比比率率2.61.61.21.11.41.72.22.092.423.292.74.195.097.29得得分分161718192021222324252627282930比比率率8.18.59.86.895.93.73.592.521.10.50.20.10.080.05（全省平均（全省平均14.8分）分）得分得分 0分：分：2.6%;1-6分分(第一档第一档)：9.2%;7-12分分(第二档第二档)：16.67%;13-18分分(第三档第三档)：36.75%;19-24分分(第四档第四档)：24.58%;25-30分分(第五档第五档)：1.9%.。18分以上分以上(包括包括18
7、分分):26.48%18分以下分以下:73.52%13分以下分以下(包括包括13分分):44.4%仅占仅占1.9%的第五档中的第五档中,1.1%的分数集的分数集中在中在25分。分。失分原因分析失分原因分析（1）词法方面）词法方面（2）句法方面）句法方面（3）语篇方面）语篇方面（一）词法方面（一）词法方面1.单词拼写错误单词拼写错误2.词义、词性、词形混淆词义、词性、词形混淆3.介词搭配误用介词搭配误用4.形容词、副词误用形容词、副词误用5.动词用词不当动词用词不当6.代词视角转换（前后不一致，上代词视角转换（前后不一致，上下文不吻合）下文不吻合）二、句法方面二、句法方面1.句子部分缺失句子部分
8、缺失2.时态混乱时态混乱3.主谓不一致主谓不一致4.主动被动混淆主动被动混淆5.主从结构紊乱、不完整、连接词错误主从结构紊乱、不完整、连接词错误6.汉式英语的痕迹汉式英语的痕迹7.不知所云或错误百出影响交际的句子不知所云或错误百出影响交际的句子三、语篇方面三、语篇方面1.没有把握重点，文章不完整、遗漏主要信息没有把握重点，文章不完整、遗漏主要信息2.离题、偏题离题、偏题3.内容拖沓累赘，没有明确、清晰地传递信息内容拖沓累赘，没有明确、清晰地传递信息4.死记硬背套路明显死记硬背套路明显5.上下文连贯词使用无实际意义上下文连贯词使用无实际意义写作能力的培养写作能力的培养 Process Writi
9、ng 1.罗列关键词罗列关键词(Listing)2.打草稿打草稿(Drafting)3.修正稿修正稿(Revising)4.定稿定稿(Editing)最近，你所在的城市就中学生网上交友问题展开了最近，你所在的城市就中学生网上交友问题展开了一次民意调查。调查结果显示，不同的观点并存。一次民意调查。调查结果显示，不同的观点并存。请你根据以下表格内容和要求，为当地报纸的英文请你根据以下表格内容和要求，为当地报纸的英文栏目撰写一篇报道文章，并加以评论。栏目撰写一篇报道文章，并加以评论。赞成赞成 反对反对理由理由1.有利于广泛交友有利于广泛交友2.表达思想无障碍表达思想无障碍3.有机会提高英语水有机会提
10、高英语水平平 1.浪费时间，影响学习浪费时间，影响学习2.容易受骗上当容易受骗上当 你的你的观点观点 。Checking Time1.I have checked for the end punctuation.2.I have checked for the capital letters.3.I have checked for each verb in its correct form.4.I have checked for the correct form of each noun.5.I have checked for the completeness of each sente
11、nce.6.I have made a new paragraph for each new topic.书面表达（三阶段）书面表达（三阶段）对！对！好！好！妙！妙！当他听到这个消息，他非常高兴当他听到这个消息，他非常高兴When he heard the news,he was very happy.Hearing the news,he was very happy.Hearing the news,he was full of happiness.Hearing the news,he was full of joy.Hearing the news,he was wild with j
12、oy.Some people think it is good to make friends on line.Some people think it a good way to make friends.Some people approve of the way to make friends.It is easy to make a lot of friends.It helps students to make more friends.It makes it more convenient for students to make friends on a larger scale
13、.Students neednt worry when they are talking about themselves.It allows students to express their thoughts freely.Students are free to express their thoughts.Students can have a chance to learn foreign languages.It is a good chance to learn foreign languages.Students can learn some foreign languages
14、 at the same time.It will waste a lot of time.A lot of time will be wasted.It is a waste of time.It is not good for students study.It will have some bad effect on students study.It may affect students study.Students may be cheated by their on-line friends.Students may get cheated on line.I think it
15、is good for us to make friends on line.As far as I am concerned,it is good for us to make friends on line.Personally,we can benefit from making on-line friends.Recently more and more students make friends on line.In recent years more and more students make on-line friends.Nowadays it has become more
16、 and more popular to make on-line friends among students.Different people have different opinions.There are different opinions among people.People take diverse attitudes.Others think it is not good to make friends on line.Some other people dont agree to it.Some other people hold the opinion that mak
17、ing friends on line has a negative influence on students.We must be careful when we choose our friends.We must be careful when choosing our friends.We can never be too cautions to choose our friendsNowadays it has become more and more popular to make on-line friends among students.People take divers
18、e attitudes.Some people approve of the way to make friends.It makes it more convenient for students to make friends on a larger scale.Students are free to express their thoughts.Students can learn some foreign languages at the same time.Some other people hold the opinion that making friends on line
19、has a negative influence on students.It is a waste of time.It may affect students study.Students may get cheated on line.Personally,we can benefit from making on-line friends.We can never be too cautions to choose our friends.常用过渡词常用过渡词 并列关系：并列关系：and,as well as,also 递进关系：递进关系：besides,and then,whats
20、more 转折关系：转折关系：but,yet,however,although,otherwise,or,instead of,时间顺序：时间顺序：while,when,soon after,before,finally,first,then,next,as soon as 比较、对比：比较、对比：like,unlike,on the other hand总结总结:in a word,in short,above all,after all进一步阐述：进一步阐述：in other words,that is to say,for example,such as 因果关系：因果关系：as a r
21、esult,so,thus,therefore In recent years it has become more and more popular among students to make on-line friends,to which people take diverse attitudes.Some people approve of the way to make friends.First,it makes it more convenient for students to make friends on a larger scale.Second,it allows s
22、tudents to express their thoughts freely.Besides,students can learn some foreign languages at the same time.However,some other people hold the view that making friends on line has a negative influence on students.Not only is it a waste of time,but also it may affect students study.In addition,studen
23、ts may get cheated on line.Personally,we can benefit from making on-line friends.But remember,we can never be too cautious to choose our friends.（129 words）一篇好文章包含：一篇好文章包含：1.含盖所有信息含盖所有信息2.表达通顺、流畅表达通顺、流畅3.行文连贯、逻辑性强行文连贯、逻辑性强4.用词地道、老练用词地道、老练5.句型丰富、多变句型丰富、多变高分作文基本特点高分作文基本特点前提前提:完成试题所有任务。完成试题所有任务。(1)(1)覆
24、盖所有内容要点；覆盖所有内容要点；(2)(2)运用较多的语法结构运用较多的语法结构(名词性名词性,状语从句状语从句,定定语从句语从句,非谓语动词非谓语动词,倒装句倒装句)与词汇与词汇(高级词汇高级词汇和高级句型和高级句型,语言地道语言地道,语法错误少语法错误少,有亮点等；有亮点等；(3)(3)思路清晰思路清晰,有效地使用语句间的连接成分有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使使全文结构紧凑；全文结构紧凑；(4)(4)语法结构与词汇方面有些许错误语法结构与词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽量但为尽量使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇,具备较强的语言具备较强的语言运用能力。运用能力。原则：完整性原
25、则：完整性,条理性条理性,准确性准确性,流畅性流畅性,丰富性丰富性,思想性思想性,美观性。美观性。书面表达最忌书面表达最忌:(1)(1)字字(字迹潦草字迹潦草 ,字迹不清字迹不清)。(2)(2)不分段不分段(分段是为了文章更清晰分段是为了文章更清晰,至少要分成两段至少要分成两段)。(3)(3)低级错误低级错误(句子开头不大写，标点句子开头不大写，标点符号不正确，主谓不一致符号不正确，主谓不一致,时态不一致时态不一致,词性变化不正确词性变化不正确,单词拼写错误等单词拼写错误等)。(4)(4)词汇堆砌词汇堆砌(整篇几乎无完整句子整篇几乎无完整句子,一一塌糊涂塌糊涂,某个词汇过频重复使用某个词汇过频
26、重复使用)。假设你是李华，在美国探亲。你的目击一起假设你是李华，在美国探亲。你的目击一起交通事故，警察局让你写一份材料，报告当时交通事故，警察局让你写一份材料，报告当时所见情况。所见情况。内容要点：内容要点：1 时间：时间：2011年年4月月21日早晨日早晨7点点15分；分；2 地点：公园路公园门前；地点：公园路公园门前；3 我正沿公园路向东走；我正沿公园路向东走；4 一辆汽车从第一辆汽车从第3街向右拐，驶入公园路街向右拐，驶入公园路时撞倒了一位过街的老人；时撞倒了一位过街的老人；5 汽车未停，沿公园路向西开走；汽车未停，沿公园路向西开走；6 汽车是黄色的，车牌号是汽车是黄色的，车牌号是AC8
27、64，司机，司机是一位女性。是一位女性。It was 7:15 on the morning of April 21th，2011.I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road.The next moment the car hit the
28、 man while he was crossing the road.He fell with a cry.The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west.I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864.About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.At 7：15 a.m.on the mo
29、rning of April 21th，2011，I was heading east on the south side of the Park Road，taking my morning walk as usual.I saw an old man on the other side of the road outside the gate of the City Park.He was just crossing the street when a car on the 3rd Street made a sudden right turn at the crossing.The ca
30、r was so fast that the old man even didnt have time to dodge and the car hit the elderly hard.I thought the driver would have stopped to help，but she didnt.Instead，she just drove off，leaving the old man still lying on the ground in pain.Fortunately，I noted down the details：it was a yellow car，the plate number of which was AC864，and the driver was a young lady.After that，I went over to check out the old man.结束语结束语写好一篇作文的保障：写好一篇作文的保障：1.丰富的词汇丰富的词汇 2.大量的阅读大量的阅读 3.长期的积累长期的积累 4.不断的操练不断的操练THANK YOU QQ：407977146 E-mail:
