1、a1考研写作a2考研作文总体介绍考研作文总体介绍n小作文（应用文）n要求：100words，n满分10分，平均分5.56分，n考场建议时间：20分钟，n考试内容：投诉，建议，邀请，辞职，道歉，申请，推荐，求职，离职等内容，n目标得分：8分；a3考研作文总体介绍考研作文总体介绍n大作文n以图画题为主，n早年考过图表文章，提纲作文，背景作文以及开放式作文n要求：160200字，n满分20分，n平均分11分，n考场建议时间：40分钟；n目标得分：14分 a4A节应用文的评分侧重点n信息点的覆盖n内容的组织n语言的准确性n格式n语域的恰当注：对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题做调整。允许在作文
2、中使用提示语中出现的关键词，但但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分a5B节作文的评分重点n内容的完整性n文章的组织连贯性n语法结构和词汇的多样性n语言的准确性a6解读评分原则解读评分原则（以大作文为例）（以大作文为例）n奖励分（3分）基准分（17分）n哪个更好提高呢?a7奖励分给分原则n书法笔迹 n大字vs小字n笔的选择a8奖励分给分原则n正确正规可读n非正规标记：&,Vs,etc.n简写的问题：WTO？World Trade Organization(WTO)n_1.共200字！a9奖励分给分原则n标点的问题n随意点n逗号的问题n句号的问题n省略号n顿号n书名号1.惊叹号和问号a10奖励
3、分给分原则n修改的问题n尽量不修改n反对对于内容的修改n正确的修改方法1.修正液a11基准分的考察范围n内容n形式n语言a12一 内容n相关即可，自圆其说n13个万能理由n经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久 a13经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久你认为是住在城市里面好还是乡下好？住在城里的好处？n安全n健康n交流n情感n经济n效率n环境1.方便住在乡下的好处？n经济n安全n环境n性格n空间n耐久n交流1.方便a14经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久在你家附近建一个超市
4、，你是否同意？n同意？n经济n效率n交流n他人n方便n环境1.情感n不同意？n安全n健康n环境n方便n空间n经济a15经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久养宠物的利与弊？n养宠物的好处？n交流n安全n健康n经济n性格n情感1.耐久n养宠物的坏处？n经济n安全n交流n他人n方便n环境1.健康a16课后练习nA 堵车的好处nB 举办奥运会的坏处a17避免跑题例：温室的花朵经不起风雨a18内容趋同最保险n1997年托福考试真题：20世纪即将过去，21世纪马上到来，在你看来，20世纪最著名的发明事什么？为什么？它将对21世纪带来怎样的影响？a19万能话题的选择一
5、例多用n环保话题：n在你家周围建一个工厂，你是否同意？n你认为科学家对人类的贡献大还是艺术家对人类的贡献大？n你的职业梦想是什么？1.如果让你发明一样机器，你会选择什么？a20二 形式比较重要n分段n段落安排合理a21三 语言最重要n谚语和典故n修辞n准确和地道n复杂的句式n多变的用词a221 谚语和典故nJust as an old Chinese proverb says,nJust as an old English proverb says,nJust as an old Arab proverb says,a23谚语和典故n日常积累n谚语是可以编的n具体的问题抽象化，抽象的问题具体化
6、a24（1）具体的问题抽象化n白猫黑猫，抓住耗子就是好猫n结果最重要nEnds justify means.a25（2）抽象的问题具体化：n劳逸结合n要懂得休息和休闲nAll work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.n男大当婚，女大当嫁n结婚是正常的行为nEach Jack has his Jill.a26总结总结n不要直白的表达自己的目的；不要直白的表达自己的目的；nJack 和和Jill在谚语中经常出现在谚语中经常出现n否定常出现否定常出现n练习：人是铁，饭是钢，一顿不吃饿的练习：人是铁，饭是钢，一顿不吃饿的慌。慌。nNo longer can Jac
7、k live without grain.a272 修辞修辞na busy beenthe blue skynthe black coffeena evil devilna pure angelndeep oceannas busy as a beenas blue as skynas black as coffeenas evil as a devilnas pure as an angelnas deep as oceana283 语言的准确和地道n少写多改n翻译新概念第二册后三十篇文章，与原文进行对照，找出自己的不足a294 复杂的句式n简单句变复杂的方法n五大经典句型a30（1）简单句
8、变复杂的方法n形容词和副词n同位语作插入语n介词结构作修饰n非限定性定语从句n非谓语动词a31a 形容词和副词n老刘讲课。n黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课。a32b 同位语作插入语n什么是同位语？n位置相同的语言叫作“同位语”n黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘，一个二十六岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊的课。n所有名词后面可加同位语a33c 介词结构作修饰n在一个艳阳高照的秋日的午后，在刚刚建好的天津新东方的教室里，黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘，一个二十六岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊的课。a34
9、d 非限定性定语从句n在一个艳阳高照的秋日的午后，在刚刚建好的天津新东方的教室里，黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘，一个二十六岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊的课，which left us a deep impression.a35e 非谓语动词n我是一名教师。我讲课。我是一名教师。我讲课。nI am a teacher.I give classes.I am a teacher.I give classes.nI am a teacher and I give classes.I am a teacher and I give classes.nBecause
10、I am a teacher,I give classes.Because I am a teacher,I give classes.nI am a teacher,so I give classes.I am a teacher,so I give classes.nBeing a teacher,I give classes.Being a teacher,I give classes.nI,being a teacher,give classes.I,being a teacher,give classes.am，（be）beinga36e 非谓语动词n我不是一名教师，但是我讲课。我不
11、是一名教师，但是我讲课。I,not being a teacher,give classes.I,not being a teacher,give classes.n我过去是个学生，但是现在我讲课。我过去是个学生，但是现在我讲课。am am beingbeingwas was having beenhaving beenI,having been a student,give classes.I,having been a student,give classes.n我过去不是学生，但是现在我讲课。我过去不是学生，但是现在我讲课。I,not having been a student,give
12、 classes.I,not having been a student,give classes.汝非鱼，安知鱼之乐乎？汝非鱼，安知鱼之乐乎？a37e 非谓语动词n你自己不是鱼。你自己不是鱼。nYou are not a fish yourself.You are not a fish yourself.n你怎么能知道鱼的欢乐呢？你怎么能知道鱼的欢乐呢？nHow can you know the happiness of a fishHow can you know the happiness of a fish？nHow can you,not being a fish yourself,
13、How can you,not being a fish yourself,know the happiness of a fish?know the happiness of a fish?n我们自己不是老年人，我们怎么能知道老年人我们自己不是老年人，我们怎么能知道老年人的痛苦呢？的痛苦呢？a38e 非谓语动词n当前后两个句子的主语相同的时候，可以去掉一个主语，将句号改为逗号，并将其中一个动词变为ing,或者having done得形式,being 除表进行时往往可被省略。n如果主语不同呢？今天很热。我在家呆着了。It is hot today.I stay at home.It being
14、 hot today,I stay at home.a39e 非谓语动词am am beingbeingwas was having beenhaving beendodoingdidhaving donea40(2)五大经典句型n倒装n虚拟语气nas引导的状语从句n状语从句的省略问题nrather than vs other thana41a 倒装n介词地点状语提前，后接系表倒装In the sunshine,stands a young tree.(注意主谓一致)n否定副词提前，部分倒装。Hardly can I do it.n虚拟语气的省略倒装（略）a42b 虚拟语气nIt is hig
15、h time that 主语did（是做某件事情非常紧急和迫切的时刻了。）n问题如此严重，我们必须马上解决这个问题。nThe situation being so serious,it is high time that we took effective measures to a43b 虚拟语气nIt is important/necessary/urgent+that+(should)+do n我们必须制订（work out）一些法律法规（laws and regulations）来解决这个问题。nIt is imperative that laws and regulations sh
16、ould be worked out to a44b 虚拟语气n条件从句引导的虚拟语气a45c as引导的状语从句n让步状语从句：Although she is a girl,she sings like a man.Girl as she is,she sings like a man.n尽管漫画很简单，但是其寓意却非常深刻。Simple as the picture is,the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.a46d 状语从句的省略问题nWhen in Rome,do as Romans do.nWhen in Rome,you do as
17、Romans do.(祈使句的省略)nWhen you are（状语从句的省略）in Rome,you do as Romans do.n规略：当从句和主句的主语相同，而从句中的动词为系动词的时候，从句中的主语和系动词可以被省略 a47d 状语从句的省略问题n6岁的时候，我老爸开始给我讲英文。nWhen at the age of 6,my father began to teach me English.n怎么改?nWhen I was at age of 6,my father began to teach me English.nWhen at the age of 6,I was ta
18、ught English by my father.a48e rather than vs other thannrather than：而不是（万能插入语）nI am the best teacher.nI,rather than anyone else,am,rather than was,the best teacher,rather than the worst one.a49e other than:除了nI,other than anyone else,am the best teacher.nNo one,other than I,is the best teacher.n中国正
19、在面临非常严重的。问题。a505词汇的多样性词汇的多样性n词汇量的概念n简单词复杂化的方法n五大恶心词汇n词汇的替换方法a515.1 词汇量的概念n拼写稍微复杂的单词，放弃初中词汇a525.2 简单词复杂化的方法(1)of+n.=adj.a535.2 简单词复杂化的方法(2)the poor,the beautiful,the olda545.2 简单词复杂化的方法(3)n.+and its like。和他的同类（作为从一个到多个的推广方法，议论文常用）表达陌生的词汇a555.2 简单词复杂化的方法(4)so called+n.所谓的a565.3 五大恶心词汇nimportantsignifi
20、cant,necessary,essential,urgentnveryof great importance,significantly important替换very的方法：将adj.的同义词 变为adv.即相当于verya575.3 五大恶心词汇nDifferentvarious,a variety of,vary from person to personPeoples opinions are various.People have a variety of opinions.Peoples opinions vary from person to person.nThinkn th
21、inga585.4 词汇的有效替换n上下义词的概念n同义词和反义词n代词a59文章的连贯性问题n并列 nas well as,andas well,not only but alson转折转折副词(不能连接两个句子):however,instead,unfortunately,fortunately,in fact,on the contraryn转折连词:while,buta60文章的连贯性问题n递进连词 nfirst,second,thirdnTo begin with,Besides,Last but not leastnOn one hand,on the other,In addit
22、iona61文章的连贯性问题n因果关系n副词:consequently,hence,thus,consequently,therefore,thereby,as a consequencen介词:owing to,thanks to,due to,n连词:so,and consequentlya62文章的连贯性问题n万能关联词nin other word,that is to say,as a matter of facta63范文分析范文分析n98.1母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺n Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in
23、which you should:n1 write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon此提纲应分为两段写作）n2 give your commentsn描述图画阐释寓意给出评论（解决方法）a64范文分析The past several years have witnessed a phenomenon that a variety of promises have been arising from all walks of life.Regrettably,quite a lot of promises are sheer nonsense,ju
24、st as the hen in the given cartoon commits herself to lay eggs which are round without any angles and corners and have shells,egg whites and yolks.a65范文分析Odds and funny as they sound,such false promises can be seen and heard everywhere in our country.Administration departments assure to perform thei
25、r tasks effectively and fairly without taking any bribes;manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality;commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic services.Can you find anything new and substantial other than their obligations,duties a
26、nd jobs in these so called promises?I guess your answer will be negative.As a matter of fact,their intention to make such commitments is nothing but to put on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.a66范文分析I dare say that your society is suffering corruption and cheat which are caus
27、ing damage to society both materially and morally.But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one can survive the intense competition under market economy system.They should remember the old saying,“Honesty is the best policy”.a67范文分析nHere is an interesting cartoon:With her head
28、held high,maybe singing,a hen stands proudly in the cartoon of the picture with a notice in hand.It says:“Firstly,I promise that the eggs I lay are absolutely round without any square corners.Secondly,they all have shells and cores.”Its so ridiculous that we cant help laughing.But after that there m
29、ust be something left.a68范文分析nRecently,many promises have come up in many walks of life,especially the service departments.They promise you that they will provide you with warm smile service and good products.At first you are moved nearly to thank them.But if you think twice,you may wonder if those
30、should be their duties.It goes without saying that factories should produce goods of quality,department stores should serve customers politely,buses should arrive on time,and so forth,because all of these are their responsibilities.But why should they promise what are their due jobs?One reason may b
31、e that they want to correct their past mistakes under the planned economic system.Another is that they intend to improve their images and please the customers.a69范文分析nIn my opinion,trying to be better is worth welcoming,but making empty promises is unacceptable.If factories,stores and administration
32、s do their jobs well rather than talk nonsense,our society will be more prosperous.a70范文分析nAs is shown in the cartoon,the hen made two pieces of promises.On the one hand,she said that her eggs would be sure to be round.On the other hand,she could ensure that her eggs must have egg crust,egg white an
33、d egg yellow.According to the words given in the picture,we know that making promises is very popular among different departments and organizations.But its clear that what they promise is nothing but their obligations or duties.This phenomenon is not a good thing to our society.a71范文分析nThere are at
34、least two main reasons,I think,for this phenomenon.In the first place,some enterprises want to pursuit fashion,but have not true promise to make,so they promised what they didnt need to say.Secondly,it is a normal phenomenon in the process of reform and open door to the world.Maybe there are some ot
35、her reasons,but the mentioned above is commonly accepted.a72范文分析nAs far as I am concerned,I believe that this phenomenon is not a good thing,but with the reform and open door policy being carried out,and with the development of our national economy,these problems will be solved step by step.I am sur
36、e my opinion is sound and well-grounded.a73范文分析n这个问题迟早会得到解决(消失).nIt will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of the past.n万能句式结尾n请注意在时间状语从句中的时态问题”主将从现”a74范文分析n总结n段落安排合理n聪明的学生举例子n句式复杂多样n用词有效替换n语法错误较少1.我们的目标？a75考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析nWrite an essay of 160-200 words based on the fo
37、llowing drawing.In your essay,you shouldn1)describe the drawing briefly,n2)explain its intended meaning,and thenn3)support your view with an example/examples.a76考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n05.1 养老足球赛nWrite an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should first describe the d
38、rawing,then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it.n描述图画阐释寓意给出评论a77考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n04.1 终点又是新起点：nStudy the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:n1 describe the drawing;n2 interpret its meaning,and n3 support your view with examples.n描述图画阐释寓意举例论证（至少2个）a78
39、考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n03.1 温室的花朵经不起风雨nStudy the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:n1 describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning n2 point out its implications in our lifen描述图画阐释寓意生活中的意义？a79考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n02.1美国女孩子穿中国传统服饰：n Study the following drawing
40、carefully and write an essay entitled“cultures-national and international”nIn the essay you shouldn1 describe the picture and interpret its meaning,and（此提纲应分为两段写作）n2 give your comments on the phenomenonn描述图画阐释寓意给出评论a80考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n01.1 爱心是一盏灯n1 showing your understanding of the symbolic mean
41、ing of the pictures below.n2 give a specific example,and n3 give your suggestion as to the best way to show loven描述图画（阐释寓意）举例论证给出评论（suggestion）a81考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n98.1母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺n Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:n1 write out the messages conveyed by the
42、 cartoon此提纲应分为两段写作）n2 give your commentsn描述图画阐释寓意给出评论（解决方法）a82结论n负面话题负面话题n1 describe the picture描述图画描述图画n2 interpret its symbolic meaning阐释寓意（举例子）阐释寓意（举例子）n3 give your comments给出评给出评论（多为解决方法）论（多为解决方法）n好的、中性话题n1 describe the picture描述图画描述图画ninterpret its symbolic meaning（不举例子）（不举例子）n举例子举例子a83描述图画段落描述
43、图画段落n万能开头句万能开头句n描述图画描述图画n总结总结a84万能开头句万能开头句n目前，世界正在面临。的问题nOne of the pressing problems facing our nation/world today is.n人们慢慢认识到。nThere is a growing worldwide awareness of.a85万能开头句万能开头句n报纸上有一张图画引起人们广泛的关注。报纸上有一张图画引起人们广泛的关注。nThere has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper.nCartoon,p
44、hotograph,drawingnMagazine,journala86万能开头句万能开头句n中国正在面临非常严重的(养老/环境/社会)问题 nIn no country other than China,it has been said,is the problem of more serious.a87万能开头句万能开头句n在过去十年间，由于改革开放政策的执行，在过去十年间，由于改革开放政策的执行，我国的经济有了巨大的发展，但同时带来了我国的经济有了巨大的发展，但同时带来了一些问题，而下面的问题是最严重的。一些问题，而下面的问题是最严重的。n在在时间中发生了时间中发生了事件事件n由于由于
45、n有了巨大的发展有了巨大的发展n但同时带来了一些问题但同时带来了一些问题n下面的问题是最严重的。a88万能开头句万能开头句nThe past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owing to the reform and open door policy being carried out,bringing some problems at the same time,with the following one being the foremosta89描述图画描述图画 nAs is shown in the pictur
46、e,（后接（后接完整单独句子描写图画）完整单独句子描写图画）nShown,depicted,drawnnPicture,cartoon,drawing,photographnClearly,Vividly,ridiculously,interestingly a90描述图画描述图画n开始真正描写图画开始真正描写图画:n在图画中央有在图画中央有 ,它它 ,周围周围有有 n 可以使用倒装n 主语与前文一致,可使用非限定性定语从句或者现在分词n介词作伴随结构a91a92描述图画描述图画n如图所示，黑暗中有一盏小小的油灯，它向周围散发着光亮。nAs is shown in the cartoon,in
47、 the darkness happily stands a candle.It spreads brightness around itself.a93描述图画描述图画nAs is shown in the cartoon,in the darkness happily stands a candle,spreading brightness around itself.nJust as an old Arab proverb says,love is just like love,being brighter in the darker places.nJust as an old Ara
48、b proverb says,where there is love,there is hope.a94a95描述图画描述图画n照片中央站着一位美丽的美国女孩,n她穿着传统的中国服饰,n佩戴着各种各样的饰物,n脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容.nStandsn？n？n？a96描述图画描述图画nAs is vividly shown in the photo,in the sunshine stands a pretty American girl,(who is)in Chinese traditional clothes,wearing necklace and its like,with a swee
49、t smile on her face.a97a98描述图画描述图画n操场上有一个小伙子在跑步，n向着终点冲刺。n然而，终点又被命名为起点。n尽管他已经很累了（大汗淋漓），但是他还要乐观的继续跑下去。nRunsnRushing tonBe defined asn尽管？a99描述图画描述图画nAs is shown in the cartoon,on the playground runs a young man,rushing to the final,which is defined as another start one.nTired as he is,he has to continu
50、e his journey optimistically.a100a101描述图画描述图画n图画中央躺着一位老年人,n蜷缩着像一个皮球,n他被四个子女赶出门外;n而四个子女各自把守着自己家的大门,n拒绝接纳老人.nLiesnLiken使用定语从句还是分词？n谁把守？a102描述图画描述图画nIn the middle of the picture lies an old man.nHe crouches like a football,who is rejected by his sons and daughter.nthey are guarding their homes respecti
