1、Grammar定语从句精讲定语从句精讲（限制性定语从句）（限制性定语从句）Attributive clause(限制性定语从句限制性定语从句)定语从句定语从句先行词和关系词先行词和关系词关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词的使用方法关系代词的使用方法定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项附加部分附加部分习题习题定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast was a drunk
2、.?定语从句定语从句在英语中，修饰名词名词或代词代词的句子句子叫定语从句。例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.?先行词和关系词先行词和关系词?先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。?关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。?先行词、关系词先行词、关系词/引导词引导词对等对等 代替代替That is the bike whichmy father bought for me.先行词先行词关系词关系词bi
3、ke?关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成分。语从句中充当某种成分。?关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句?普通代词与关系代词的区别普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.She works in Shanghai.代替sisterI have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.?普通代词普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例只起代替的作用（如上例she)?关系代词关系代词：（如上例（如上例who/which）1.除了除了代替代替先行词外，先行词外，2.它还在定语从句中它还在定语从
4、句中担任担任一定的一定的成分成分，3.同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）（把主句和从句连起来）说明如下说明如下?The building is our school.+The building stands by the river.=The building which/that stands by the river is our school.先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句which、that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句
5、连接同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。起来。?关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。The woman that/whoisspeaking at the meetingismy mother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother主语是单数(从句从句)The wo
6、man is speaking at the meeting.The women that/whoarespeaking at the meetingarefamous scientists.(主句主句)The women are famous scientists.(从句从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.主语是复数关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤:?首先，要辨别出先行词。首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用关系词可能就用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系词可能用关系词可
7、能用which或或that?然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词人物主格who,thatwhich,that宾格who(m),thatwhich,that所有格whosewhose,of which?最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句请看以上例句)?注意注意?定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。.The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时叙述
8、客观事实用一般现在时)(从句从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)?定语从句的辨认（定语从句的辨认（思考步骤）思考步骤）?找出先行词找出先行词a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。b.确定定语从句的位置确定定语从句的位置?确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格?确定从句的时态确定从句的时态（定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）（定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）?关系代词的使用方法关系代词的使
9、用方法定语从句常用的关系代词有：that、who(m)、whose、which等。1.that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.）1)A plane is a machine that can fly.A plane is a machine which can fly.2)Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday?Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday?3)Have you found the bike that you
10、lost?Have you found the bike which you lost?Have you found the bike省略you lost?2.which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。(which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。）1)His father works in a factory that makes TV sets.His father works in a factory which makes TV sets.2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderfu
11、l.The film whichwe saw last night was very wonderful.The film省略we saw last night was very wonderful.3.who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语)1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are m
12、yclassmates.2)He knew the teacher who we met yesterday.He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday.He knew the teacher(that)we met yesterday.4.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。它既可以代人也可以代物。?I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.?Please show me the book.Its cover is red
13、.Please show me the book whose cover is red.?Ill call a person.His father knows you.Ill call a person whose father knows you.?关系代词与介词关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物,和和whom代人代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)1)This is the hero(whom)we are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are
14、 proud.This is the hero(that)we are proud of.2)She is the girl whom I went with there.She is the girl with whom I went there.She is the girl that I went with there.She is the girl 省略I went with there.注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at 3)The room(that)I live in is very big.T
15、he room(which)I live in is very big.The room in which I live is very big.The room where I live is very big.4).I want to find the pen(that)I wrote the letter with.I want to find the pen(which)I wrote the letter with.I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.?Here are the picture-books that
16、 the children are looking for.Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for.Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.?定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项?有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词 that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数词序数词修饰时修饰时,只能用只能用that引导从句引导从句.?This is the most interes
17、ting story(that)I have ever heard.?The first meeting(that)we will take part in will be held in theafternoon.2.先行词是先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词不定代词时时,只能用只能用that.?Here is something(that)I will tell you.?Not all that glitters is gold.3.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that引出从句引出从句?I can remember we
18、ll the persons and some pictures(that)I see.4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one,或用或用little,few,no,all,any 作修饰，用作修饰，用that?Is it the one that you want?We havent got much that we can offer you.5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或which时，关系词用时，关系词用that?Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the me
19、eting?从例句中看出，从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以在许多情况下可以通用通用，但，但有时宜用有时宜用用用who,而而不用不用that1.先行词是先行词是one(s),anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用时，关系词使用who?Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.?One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.2.在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词用关系词用who?There is an
20、old man who wants to see you.?There are many young men who are against him.附加部分附加部分关系副词关系副词关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有数种作用。数种作用。o 在从句中代替先行词。在从句中代替先行词。o在句中在句中作状语作状语。o连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。关系副词关系副词有有三种三种：where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点.(on/in/
21、atwhich)when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。(on/inwhich)why:在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。?关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法：1.where 的用法：的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）先行词应是地点名词）The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed at the hotel.We stayedthere.=The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.从句
22、从句The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean 共有五个共有五个不同的句不同的句The hotel 关系词略关系词略we stayed at wasnt clean.子来表达。子来表达。2.when的用法：的用法：（先行词应是表示时间的名词）（先行词应是表示时间的名词）Ill never forget the day.+I joined the League on that day.从从句句Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语口语)Ill never forget the day on
23、which I joined the League.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.3.why的用法：的用法：(表示原因的名词表示原因的名词)The reason why Im calling youis to invite you to a party.The reason that Im calling you is to invite you to a party The reason 略Im calling you is to invite you to a party 在口语中,关系副词where、when、why
24、常被that 代替,也可省略。Exerc sesI.Rewrite the sentencesII.Choose the best answersIII.Translate?I.把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句.1.The little girl was crying on the street.Her money had been stolen.?The little girl whose money had been stolen was crying on the street.2.The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the b
25、ike?Have you seen the bike whose colour is green.3.The student didnt agree with us.The student was standing under the tree.?The student who was standing under the tree didnt agree withus.4.Where is the man?The man talked with you just now.?Where is the man who talked with you just now?5.The watch is
26、 very nice.He gave me the watch for my birthday.?The watch(that)he gave me for my birthday is very nice.6.The book is very interesting.You lent it to me yesterday.?The book(that/which)you lent me yesterday is very interesting.7.The teacher is our English teacher.You saw her on the playground.?The te
27、acher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our English teacher8.The letter is from my friend.I received it yesterday.?The letter(that/which)I received yesterday is from my friend.9.Im reading a book.Its name is“Who Moved My Cheese”?Im reading a book whose name is“Who Moved My Cheese”10.He works in
28、a school.There is a big store near it.?He works in a school near which there is a big store.11.He used to live in a house.In front of it grew many apple trees.?He used to live in a house in front of which grew many apple trees12.This is the room.We lived in it last year.?This is the room(that/which)
29、we lived in last year.?This is the room in which/where we lived last year.13.The children are very healthy.She is looking after them.?The children(who/that)she is looking after them are very healthy.14.I know the boy.He can speak English well.?I know the boy who/that can speak English well15.The sea
30、son is summer.It comes after spring.?The season which comes after spring is summer.16.The man was American.I spoke to him yesterday.?The man(whom/that)I spoke to yesterday was American.?The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American.17.I cant find the house.My friend lives in it.?I cant find the hou
31、se(which/that)my friend lives in.?I cant find the house in which/where my friend lives.18.I know the boy.You are looking for him.?I know the boy(whom/who/that)you are looking for.19.This is the town.He was born in the town.?This is the town(which/that)he was born in.?This is the town in which/where
32、he was born.20.We arrived here on the day.Do you remember it?Do you remember the day(that/which)we arrived here on?Do you remember the day on which we arrived here?Do you remember the day when we arrived here?II.单项选择。A1.This is the job _they laughed at.A.which B.as C.it D.whoC2.Beihai Park is a beau
33、tiful park_built about 300 years ago.A.where was B.that were C.which was D.whereB3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seenD4.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.A.heB.whom C.whoseD.who5.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its po
34、cket?BA.whoB.whose C.itsD.which6.This book is for the students _native language isnt English.CA.thatB.of whom C.whoseD.whos7.The robbers shouted,“Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!”CA.whomB.thatC.whoD.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.AA.which B.for which C.on which D.about whi
35、chA9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.A.whose B.who C.his D/B10.The man_is smoking is a tailor.A.whom B.who C.which D.what _11Which animal is your favourite?The one _has a long neck.BA.which B.that C.it D.whoC12.Is this the factory _produces colour TV sets?A.what B./C.whi
36、ch D.where13.The high building _is a big hotel.CA.that he is looking B.which he is looking C.we are looking atD.at that we are looking14Is there anyone _ can answer this question?A.which B.whom C.who D.heCA15.In the afternoon well visit the high school _is very famous here.A.which B.where C.it D./D1
37、6.The fox _ the chickens were killed was shot.A.that B.which C.for that D.by whichB17.The computer _can store a lot of information is widely used today.A.in which B.that C.with which D.whereA18.Is this the bookstore_you visited yesterday?A.that B.where C.in which D.the one19.Yesterday they saw the m
38、an and the dog _ran after each other on the road.CA.who B.which C.that D.asA20.Shanghai is the place in _he was born.A.which B.what C.whose D.that21.Do you know the man _is painting the house?BOf course.Hes my uncle.A.whom B.who C.which D.whose22.The hospital _was built last year will open soon.BA.w
39、here B.which C.who D./D23.This is the elephant _left ear was shot.A.who B.thatC.itsD.whoseA24.The hospital _his father works in is a new one.A.that B.in that C.in which D.where26.The man _watch was stolen is talking to the police.DA.his B.whoC.whos D.whose27The knife_I cut the apple_cant be found.BA
40、.which,in B.which,with C.that,by D.that,for28.Who has taken the dictionary_ cover is broken？DA.which B.that C.who D.whose B29.Who is the girl to _you just now talked？A.who B.whom C.that D.whoseD30.This is the book_Im looking for.A./B.which C.that D.all the aboveB31This is the only book _I bought las
41、t year.A.which B.that C.what D.Both A and BA32.All_Im going to do is good.A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and BA33.The building_ roof we can see is a hospital.A.whose B.which C.whos D.at whichA34.This is the best book_I have read.A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and BA35.This is the school_ I worked se
42、ven years ago.A.in which B.in that C.which D.that36.All the books_I put on the desk are yours.AA.that B.which C.what D.Both A and BB37.Its quite different from_I saw last mouth.A.which B.the one C that D.the one whatC38.Is this the river_I can swim?A.which B.that C.in which D.the oneB39.Watch the ol
43、d lady and her dog_are crossing the street.A.which B.that C.who D.theyA40.Can you lend me the dictionary_the other day?A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought itB41.The church _we saw by the river was built a century ago.A.where B.which C.what D.in whichA42.Do you k
44、now who is living in that house _windows face south?A.whose B.which C which of D.itsC43.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree44This is the last time _Ill give you a lesson.BA.when B.that C.what D.asB45.I dont think the number of people_ t
45、his happens is very large.A.who B.to whom C.to which D.that46.Here is the dress_in the shop window.DA.You saw it B.that you saw it C.that saw it D.you saw47.I was the only person in my office_was invited.AA.who B.whom C which D.whatB48.The man _hair is yellow is the thief.A.who B.whose C.that D.whic
46、h49.This is the most beautiful bird _I have ever seen.BA.which B.that C.who D.whoseD50.The person to_you talked is our maths teacher.A.which B.whose C.that D.whom?根据汉语完成句子：根据汉语完成句子：who gave us a talk about computers1.This is the engineer_(给我们作关于计算机报告的)the other day.the only thing thats missing2.My n
47、ecklace is not _(唯一不见的东西）who works in the room3.The man_(在这间房子里工作的)is a chemist.(that/which)we live in4.The old building_(我们住的)has been here for 30 years.whose cover is yellow5.The history book _(封皮是黄的）was lost.(that)you lost yesterday.6.Her is the pen _(你昨天丢失的）7.This is the best book_(我读过的）(that)I
48、have read8.I have lost the pen_（我父亲给我买的）(which/that)my father bought me9.Wheat is a plant _（中国北方which/that is grown in the north of China种植的）who talk too much but do little10.I dont like the people_(说得多可做得少的）猜猜看,下面的句子明白了吗?1.不懂装懂，一事无成.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything,is indeed a good-for nothing.2.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.3.万事开头难He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.Its the first step that costs.4.千里之行，始于足下。He who would climb that ladder must begin at the bottom.5.自满的人腹中空.He who is full of himself is very empty.6.闪光的未必都是金子Not all that glitters is gold.Thank you
