1、专题七专题七 verbverb（动词）（动词）中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于79年级学生本专题一般共需10课时第十课时 动词和动词词组辨析 一、常用近义动词和词组辨析 二、巩固练习 1几个“花费”：spend,take,pay,cost.（1）spend多用人作主语，后接金钱或时间。spend on sth/（in）doing sth.例如：I spent 15 yuan on this new book.（2）take常用于“It takes sb.some time to do sth 句型中，例如：It often takes me half an hour to go to scho
2、ol by bike every day.（3）pay常与for连用，表“付给款”。例如：I paid 15 Yuan for this new book.（4）cost常用物作主语，表“价值或花费多少钱”例如：This new book cost me 15 Yuan.一、常用近义动词和词组辨析1.They spend too much time the report A.writing B.to write C.on writing D.write 2.-What beautiful shoes youre wearing!They must be expensive -No，they o
3、nly 10 yuan Aspent Btook Cpaid Dcost 3.-Will you please for my dinner Peter?-Sure!A.spend B.pay C.cost D.take 4.It will me too much time to read this book.A.take B.cost C.spend D.pay 5.This science book _ me a great amount of money.A.took B.cost C.used D.spentQuiz 练习题2几个“看”：look,see,watch,read（1）loo
4、k 看，表动作，look at。例如：Please dont look out of the window.（2）see 看见，表结果；也可说看电影“see a film”。例如：His father saw him sitting on some eggs.（3）watch 观看比赛、演出、电视等。例如：Do you like watching TV on weekends?（4）read读书看报等文字材料。例如：My father is reading newspaper now.1.Kang kangs sister _ a book in her room.2.Please _ the
5、 blackboard,boys and girls.3.What other things can you _ on the table?4._!What are they doing under the tree?5.My brother and I are _ TV.6.Are they _ a football game?7.Its good to _ all my friends again.Quiz 用look,look at,see,read,watch填空 3几个与“看”有关的词或词组：look for,find,find out,look after,take care of
6、,look over,look forward to,（1）look for寻找，表过程；find发现，找到，表结果；find out 找出，查明。例如：I looked for my lost pen everywhere,but couldnt find it anywhere.（2）look after,take care of 均表示“照看，照顾”。（3）look over 检查身体等。（4）look forward to盼望，期待。例如：I am looking forward to your letter.She looks forward to going to visit he
7、r grandparents in Dalian.4几个“说”：say,speak,talk,tell （1）say接说话的内容，作及物动词。say sth to sb.对某 人说某事。例如：Did you say goodbye to your granny?（2）speak常指能说某种语言，打电话时常用它表示说话，也有“演讲”的意思，不强调说话的内容。例如：We can speak Chinese and English.May I speak to Henry?He will speak at the meeting tonight.（3）talk多是不及物动词，指交谈、谈论；做名词时有
8、演讲、报 告之意。例如：They are talking about their friends now.I will talk to your father about your health next time.Mr.Zhang is going to give us a talk at the meeting.（4）tell的意思是“告诉某人；讲述；吩咐某人做”。多为及物动词，后面多接两个宾语。例如：I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow.Granny often tells me funny stories.
9、The policeman told us not to play football in the street again.1.Excuse me.Can you _ me the way to the post office?2.My granny often _ me about her lives in the old age.3.Many people in China can _ a little English now.4.What do you _ when you meet your friends in the morning?5.Can you _ it clearly?
10、Can you _ it clearly 6.Dont _ in class.Dont_ with others when someone answers the teachers questions?7.-Who is _?-This is Tom _ .Quiz 用tell，speak，say，talk填空5几个“穿，戴”：put on,wear,dress,in（1）put on指“穿上、戴上”的意思，强调动作，代词多放在中间。例如：Here is your coat.Put it on,Lucy.He put on his new pair of sunglasses and went
11、 out.（2）wear指“穿着，戴着”，表示状态。例如：-“What is she wearing?”-“Shes wearing a red hat and a blue jacket.”（3）dress指“给某人穿衣服”，其宾语多是人。dress up 指“穿上盛装，打扮”例如:My mother is dressing herself.My little brother is too young.Mom dresses him every morning.（4）in 后多接衣服的颜色，表示“穿着颜色衣服的”。例如：The man in black is my father.Have y
12、ou seen a boy in a red sweater?6几个“到达”：reach,arrive in/at,get to（1）reach是个及物动词，它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。例如：We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday.（2）arrive是个不及物动词，后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in或at（在国家和较大的城市或地区前用in，较小的地方或单位前用at）。例如：We have already arrived in Shanghai.They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday.（3）g
13、et to 表示到达，多用于口语中。例如：I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00.注意注意：当表示到达here,there,home时，arrive或get后不要加介词。例如：When did you get home?When will you arrive there?典型例题They said they would in Paris next Monday.reach B.arrive C.get D.get to解析：reach是及物动词，不用加介词，直接加地点，arrive 为不及物动词后加in/at,get 后加地点名词要加to,地点副词可省to.P
14、aris 前为介词in，所以选arrive。答案：选B 7几个“带、拿”：bring,take,get,carry （1）bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”。例如：Youd better finish you homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.May I bring Tom along?Bring the book to me,please.（2）take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到”离说话人较远处。例如：Could you take the book to the classroom?I a
15、m busy now.（3）get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。例如：Will you get that book for me?（4）carry不强调动作来去的方向，只说明动作方式，表 示“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义。例如：The buses and taxis are carry people here and there.The box is so heavy that the little boy cant carry it.8几个与“听”有关的词或词组：listen to,hear,hear of,hear from（1）listen to 听，表示听的动作。（2）hear
16、 听见，听到。表示结果。例如：I listened to the speaker carefully,but I couldnt hear anything.（3）hear of 听说。例如：Have you heard of this news?（4）hear from收到某人的信息或来信。例如：I heard from my friend in Australia last week.9beat和win （1）beat表示“赢”或“打败”，后面要接被打败的对手。例如：Our football team beat theirs by 3 to 1.（2）win用作及物动词时，后面接的不是被打
17、败的对手，而 是比赛本身、游戏、战争、名次等。例如：Our football team won the football game by 3 to 1.10rise和raise （1）rise是不及物动词，表示“上升、提高、增长”等。例如：The sun rises in the east.Our countrys international prestige（国际声望）is rising continually.（2）raise是及物动词，表示“举起、抬起”。He raised his hand picked an apple.11borrow,lend和keep（1）borrow指其逻辑主
18、语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西，常与介词from连用。例如：May I borrow some money from you?You can borrow books from the library.（2）lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人，常与介词to连用。例如：Could you lend me some money?The library lends books to the students.（3）keep表示“保存”，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如：How long may I keep the book?I have kept the book for 3 week
19、s.12receive和accept（1）receive的意思是“收到了”，只表示收到某物，并不表明同意或不同意接受的含义。例如：I received a gift from her,but I returned it back to her this morning.（2）accept表示“接受”，“同意接纳”。如接受物体、邀请、批评等。He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.13answer与reply（1）answer意为“回答、响应、答复、接听电话”等，多作及物动词。例如：Who can answer my
20、question?I called you,but no one answered the telephone.（2）reply意为“回答、答复”，是不及物动词，后需加介词to,at等再加宾语。例如：He didnt want to reply to my questions.14hope与expect（1）hope指主观上的愿望，但在客观上不一定有实现的可能性，常接that从句、动词不定式或以介词for引出的短语。例如：I hope you will come to see me again when you are 100 years old.Hope for the best and p
21、repare for the worst.（2）expect着重指客观上有可能实现的“期待、期望”等，其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或that从句。例如：I am expecting that you will come soon.She is expecting a letter from him.15lie和lay （1）lie有多个意思：表示“躺；展示；位于”时，其变化是：lay,lain,lying；表示“说谎”时，其变化是：lied,lied,lying 例如：I saw an old man lying on the street.Dont believe him.He alway
22、s lies.（2）lay的含意是“放置、产卵”等。其变化是：laid,laid,laying.I cant find my book anywhere.I remember that I laid it on the desk last night.答案：B.解析：首先要能分辨：表示躺、在、位于的不及物动词lie-lay-lain-lying;表示放置、下(蛋)的及物动词lay-laid-laid-laying。第一空是躺的过去完成进行时;第二空是摆放，过去分词作定语短语。典型例题：Just after putting the baby onto bed,Mrs.White suddenly
23、 caught sight of the pet cat and didnt know how long it _ on the table _ for the family dinner.A.had been laying,lying B.had been lying,laidC.had been laid,laid D.had lain,laying中考链接1.(2020达州市)Clara,you have _ Journey to the West for two weeks.Sorry,I wanted to give it back but was made _ Dazhou on
24、business last week.A.borrowed;to leave B.kept;to leaveC.kept;leave D.borrowed;leave2.（2020年辽宁丹东）Its rather cold here.Youd better _ your coat.A.put away B.not put on C.not take off D.take off3.（2020年甘肃天水）He _ most of his time _ English.A.spends,studying B.costs,studiedC.takes,to study D.pays,studies4
25、.(2020新疆)7I dont know how to _ the old clothes.You can give them away to the charity.Ahand in Bdeal with Ctake up Dclean up 5.(2020贵州铜仁)33.一Fangfang,shall we go to see a film on Saturday?一Sorry.Ill have to_my younger brother because my mother is out.A.look at B.look for C.look up D.look after BCABD6
26、.(2020四川自贡)6We should form the good habit of saving food now?I agree,so I always _ the food I order.Aeat up Bgive up Cturn up 7.(2020四川广元)8The song Dream It Possible often reminds me that we should always try our best and never _catching our dreams.Agive up Btake up Cput up 8.(2020黑龙江哈尔滨)9Who do you
27、 admire most,Yang Ming?Zhong Nanshan.Not only I but also my classmates _ him.Alook forward to Blook up to Care up to 9.(2020四川凉山)6A lot of schools across China _ starting classes because of COVID-19.Aput up Bput off Cput on Dput away10.(2020黑龙江牡丹江)9Why are you late for dinner,Jim?At first I wanted to take a taxi,but I _ walking here because of the heavy traffic.Aended up Btook up Cgave up AABBA课题总结 动词或近义词组辨析需要平时多积累，然后在句子和具体语境中理解体会它们使用方面的差异。考查此类知识一般以单选题出现，再结合时态语态或固定搭配等，难度上一般不会很大。本专题重点-动词是中考必然会考查的的要点，特别是时态，要在理解的基础上，形成知识框架，学会区别运用，达到融会贯通。
