1、从规范化资料解读看胃癌综合治疗经常涉及的相关规范化资料:经常涉及的相关规范化资料:lAJCC 分期分期 7th edition,2019,10 UICClNCCN指南,指南,2019,3 NCCN 美国国家癌症综合网络美国国家癌症综合网络lESMO指南,指南,2019,8 ESMO 欧洲临床肿瘤学会欧洲临床肿瘤学会l卫生部胃癌诊疗规范,卫生部胃癌诊疗规范,2019,3 卫生部医政司牵头,国内卫生部医政司牵头,国内30余位专家参与(外科、内科、放射诊断、余位专家参与(外科、内科、放射诊断、放射治疗、病理等)制定了胃腺癌,包括胃食管结合部癌的诊断、放射治疗、病理等)制定了胃腺癌,包括胃食管结合部癌
2、的诊断、治疗和随访原则,适用于具备相应资质的卫生机构及其医务人员对治疗和随访原则,适用于具备相应资质的卫生机构及其医务人员对胃癌的诊断和治疗胃癌的诊断和治疗推荐级别推荐级别l治疗原则治疗原则l诊断与分期诊断与分期l早期胃癌,手术及相关早期胃癌,手术及相关l系统化疗总则系统化疗总则l围手术期化疗围手术期化疗l姑息化疗姑息化疗 一线一线 二线化疗二线化疗ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范治疗原则治疗原则l应采取综合治疗的原则,即根据肿瘤病理学类型及临床分应采取综合治疗的原则,即根据肿瘤病理学类型及临床分期,结合患者一般状况和器官功能状态,以手术、化疗、期,结合患者一般状况和器官功能状态
3、,以手术、化疗、放疗乃至生物靶向治疗等多学科综合治疗模式放疗乃至生物靶向治疗等多学科综合治疗模式(multidisciplinary team,MDT),有计划地、合理地应),有计划地、合理地应用治疗手段,以期达到:用治疗手段,以期达到:根治或根治或 最大幅度地控制肿瘤最大幅度地控制肿瘤 延长患者生存期延长患者生存期 改善生活质量改善生活质量ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范近年来胃癌治疗最大的进展是通过胃癌围手术期治疗和辅助放化疗的综合治近年来胃癌治疗最大的进展是通过胃癌围手术期治疗和辅助放化疗的综合治疗模式明显改善患者的生存期疗模式明显改善患者的生存期NCCN NCCN 指南指
4、南结合外科、化疗和放疗医生,消化、影像和病理科的多学科综合治疗是必不结合外科、化疗和放疗医生,消化、影像和病理科的多学科综合治疗是必不可少的可少的ESMOESMO(欧洲临床肿瘤学会)临床诊断、治疗和随访指南(欧洲临床肿瘤学会)临床诊断、治疗和随访指南 胃癌治疗应是以手术治疗为主的综合治疗胃癌治疗应是以手术治疗为主的综合治疗胃癌诊疗推荐流程胃癌诊疗推荐流程ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范诊断与分期诊断与分期l分类标准:分类标准:WHO胃癌组织学分类胃癌组织学分类l分期诊断标准:分期诊断标准:AJCC TNM分期标准(分期标准(2019年)年)l病理学描述:另有附录病理学描述:另有附
5、录ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范卫生部胃癌诊疗规范采用以下标准:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范采用以下标准:腔镜检查腔镜检查l胃镜检查:确诊胃癌的胃镜检查:确诊胃癌的必须检查手段必须检查手段,可确定肿瘤位置,可确定肿瘤位置,同时获得组织标本以行病理检查;可酌情选用色素内镜或同时获得组织标本以行病理检查;可酌情选用色素内镜或放大内镜检查放大内镜检查l超声胃镜检查:推荐用于胃癌的术前分期,有助于评价胃超声胃镜检查:推荐用于胃癌的术前分期,有助于评价胃癌浸润深度和判断胃周淋巴结转移状况。对拟施行内镜粘癌浸润深度和判断胃周淋巴结转移状况。对拟施行内镜粘膜切除(膜切除(EMR)、内镜粘膜下层切除()
6、、内镜粘膜下层切除(ESD)者等微创手)者等微创手术者术者则为必须则为必须l腹腔镜:对怀疑腹膜转移或腹腔内播散者,腹腔镜:对怀疑腹膜转移或腹腔内播散者,可考虑可考虑腹腔镜腹腔镜检查检查ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范组织病理学诊断组织病理学诊断l组织病理学诊断是胃癌的确诊和治疗依据。活检确诊为浸组织病理学诊断是胃癌的确诊和治疗依据。活检确诊为浸润性癌的病例进行规范化治疗润性癌的病例进行规范化治疗l如因活检取材的限制,活检病理不能确定浸润深度。报告如因活检取材的限制,活检病理不能确定浸润深度。报告为癌前病变或可疑浸润的病例,为癌前病变或可疑浸润的病例,建议建议临床医师重复活检或临床
7、医师重复活检或结合影像学检查情况,进一步确诊后选择治疗方案结合影像学检查情况,进一步确诊后选择治疗方案ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范影像学检查(影像学检查(1)lCT:应作为胃癌术前分期的常规方法。在无造影剂使用禁应作为胃癌术前分期的常规方法。在无造影剂使用禁忌症情况下,忌症情况下,建议建议在胃腔呈良好充盈状态下进行在胃腔呈良好充盈状态下进行增强增强CT扫扫描。扫描部位应包括原发部位及可能的转移部位描。扫描部位应包括原发部位及可能的转移部位l磁共振(磁共振(MRI)检查:是重要的补充手段。推荐以下情)检查:是重要的补充手段。推荐以下情况选用:况选用:对对CT造影剂过敏者造影剂过
8、敏者 其它影像学检查怀疑转移者,如肝转移、卵巢转移等其它影像学检查怀疑转移者,如肝转移、卵巢转移等 MRI有助于判断腹膜转移状态,可酌情使用有助于判断腹膜转移状态,可酌情使用ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范l上消化道造影:气钡双重对比造影检查是诊断胃癌的常用上消化道造影:气钡双重对比造影检查是诊断胃癌的常用影像学方法,对疑幽门梗阻者建议使用水溶性造影剂影像学方法,对疑幽门梗阻者建议使用水溶性造影剂l 胸部胸部X线检查:应包括正线检查:应包括正侧侧位相位相l超声检查:对评价胃癌局部淋巴结转移情况及表浅部位的超声检查:对评价胃癌局部淋巴结转移情况及表浅部位的转移有一定价值,可作为术前
9、分期的初步检查方法。但对转移有一定价值,可作为术前分期的初步检查方法。但对操作者的依赖性较强,重复性欠佳操作者的依赖性较强,重复性欠佳影像学检查(影像学检查(2)ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范影像学检查(影像学检查(3)lPET-CT:对判断腹膜转移的价值有待进一步明确,:对判断腹膜转移的价值有待进一步明确,目前不目前不推荐常规使用推荐常规使用。对常规影像学检查无法明确的转移性病灶,。对常规影像学检查无法明确的转移性病灶,可酌情使用可酌情使用l骨扫描:骨扫描:不推荐常规使用不推荐常规使用,对怀疑有骨转移的胃癌患者,对怀疑有骨转移的胃癌患者,可考虑骨扫描检查可考虑骨扫描检查ref
10、:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范诊断与分期诊断与分期 in NCCN 2019.v.11.CT/US pelvis(females)中国专家意见:中国专家意见:should be added 3.Feasibility and necessity of meta biopsy?中国专家意见:必要时中国专家意见:必要时 2.PET scan not feasible in china中国专家意见:中国专家意见:should be optional 强调 HER2 Test in Metastatic DiseaseESMO和和NCCN在分期与手术的差异在分期与手术的差异距肿瘤组织5厘米距
11、肿瘤组织4厘米根治手术切缘AJCC第6版ESMOAJCC第7版NCCN分期距肿瘤组织5厘米距肿瘤组织4厘米根治手术切缘AJCC第6版ESMOAJCC第7版NCCN分期Progression for AJCC/UICC TNM Staging System2010201920195th edition6th edition7th editionUICC 和和 AJCC分期是一致的分期是一致的 国际抗癌联盟国际抗癌联盟International Union Against Cancer,UICC国际抗癌联盟肿瘤国际抗癌联盟肿瘤TNM分期分期 美国癌症联合委员会美国癌症联合委员会 American
12、Joint Committee on Cancer,AJCC AJCC癌症分期手册癌症分期手册T 分期变化MucosaMucosaSubmucosaSubmucosaMuscl.PropriaMuscl.PropriaSubserosaSubserosa粘膜肌层浆膜表面自由腹腔邻近脏器T1T2T3T46th 7th 6th 7th 6th 7th 6th 7th N 分期变化M 分期取消 Mx 的定义(远处转移无法评估)2019年年CSCO年会年会早期胃癌早期胃癌l早期胃癌且无淋巴结转移证据,可根据侵犯深度考虑内镜早期胃癌且无淋巴结转移证据,可根据侵犯深度考虑内镜下治疗或手术治疗,术后无需辅助
13、放疗或化疗下治疗或手术治疗,术后无需辅助放疗或化疗lEMR或或ESD适应证为适应证为 高分化或中分化高分化或中分化 无溃疡无溃疡 直径在直径在2 cm内内 无淋巴结转移的黏膜内癌无淋巴结转移的黏膜内癌ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范可切除胃癌的外科治疗可切除胃癌的外科治疗身体状况身体状况良好,有良好,有切除可能切除可能M0M1T1b姑息治疗姑息治疗首选多学首选多学科评估科评估T2或或T2以上以上(根据临床(根据临床分期或分期或N+)手术手术手术手术或或术前化疗(术前化疗(1类)类)或或术前化放疗术前化放疗(2b类类)手术手术可切除胃癌的外科治疗可切除胃癌的外科治疗lT1b-T3:
14、足够的胃切除以达到显微镜下切缘阴性:足够的胃切除以达到显微镜下切缘阴性(一般距肿瘤边缘(一般距肿瘤边缘5cm)远端胃切除术胃次全切除术全胃切除术lT4肿瘤需要将累及组织整块切除肿瘤需要将累及组织整块切除l常规或预防性脾切除无必要。当脾脏或脾门受累时常规或预防性脾切除无必要。当脾脏或脾门受累时可以考虑脾切除术可以考虑脾切除术l阳性切缘定义阳性切缘定义*:肿瘤距切缘小于肿瘤距切缘小于1mm或电刀切缘可见或电刀切缘可见癌细胞癌细胞*卫生部胃癌诊疗规范卫生部胃癌诊疗规范淋巴结淋巴结l建议外科医师根据局部解剖和术中所见,分组送检淋巴结,建议外科医师根据局部解剖和术中所见,分组送检淋巴结,有利于淋巴结引流
15、区域的定位有利于淋巴结引流区域的定位l在未接到手术医师分组送检医嘱或标记的情况下,病理医在未接到手术医师分组送检医嘱或标记的情况下,病理医师按照以下原则检出标本中的淋巴结:师按照以下原则检出标本中的淋巴结:l全部淋巴结均需取材全部淋巴结均需取材l建议建议术前未接受治疗病例的淋巴结总数应术前未接受治疗病例的淋巴结总数应15枚枚l所有肉眼阴性的淋巴结应当所有肉眼阴性的淋巴结应当完整送检完整送检l肉眼阳性的淋巴结肉眼阳性的淋巴结可部分切取送检可部分切取送检ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范lNCCN指南指南:淋巴结清扫范围应包括区域淋巴结淋巴结清扫范围应包括区域淋巴结-胃周淋巴胃周淋巴结
16、(结(D1)和腹腔干周围同名血管的淋巴结()和腹腔干周围同名血管的淋巴结(D2),且至少),且至少切除切除15枚淋巴结枚淋巴结lESMO指南对淋巴结的清扫范围和数目同指南对淋巴结的清扫范围和数目同NCCN指南指南手术禁忌证手术禁忌证l全身状况恶化无法耐受手术全身状况恶化无法耐受手术l局部浸润过于广泛己无法切除局部浸润过于广泛己无法切除l己有远处转移的确切证据,包括多发淋巴结转移、腹膜广己有远处转移的确切证据,包括多发淋巴结转移、腹膜广泛播散和肝脏多灶性(泛播散和肝脏多灶性(3个以上)转移等个以上)转移等l心、肺、肝、肾等重要脏器功能有明显缺陷,严重的低蛋心、肺、肝、肾等重要脏器功能有明显缺陷,
17、严重的低蛋白血症和贫血、营养不良无耐受手术之可能者白血症和贫血、营养不良无耐受手术之可能者ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范lAcknowledgement of AJCC 2019 Staging Modifications公认采用AJCC 7.0版,但关于EGJ的分期如何划分东西方存在争议lGAST-3:A new page,outlining post surgery therapy for pts not receiving preop中国多数患者术前未行新辅助治疗,术后治疗有规可依lPrinciples of Endoscopic Therapy:Role of endo
18、scopic mucosal resection for T1a tumors内镜的诊断、分期、早期癌切除及营养路径置入lPathologic review:inclusion of HER2 testing明确内镜标本、手术标本的取材要求、描述,从大体标本到病理组织学均细化规定,要求描述新辅助治疗疗效等美国美国NCCN 2019.v.1 更新更新 外科部分外科部分Positive peritoneal cytology is now Stage 4:Surgery NOT recommended 不能切除的,不能切除的,初始治疗后再初始治疗后再评估是否能够评估是否能够切除切除!进展期胃癌进展
19、期胃癌l局部进展期胃癌或伴有淋巴结转移的早期胃癌应采取以手术局部进展期胃癌或伴有淋巴结转移的早期胃癌应采取以手术为主的综合治疗为主的综合治疗l根据肿瘤侵犯深度及是否伴有淋巴结转移,可考虑直接进行根据肿瘤侵犯深度及是否伴有淋巴结转移,可考虑直接进行根治性手术或术前先行新辅助化疗,再考虑根治性手术根治性手术或术前先行新辅助化疗,再考虑根治性手术l成功实施根治性手术的局部进展期胃癌,需根据术后病理分成功实施根治性手术的局部进展期胃癌,需根据术后病理分期决定辅助治疗方案(辅助化疗,必要时考虑辅助化放疗)期决定辅助治疗方案(辅助化疗,必要时考虑辅助化放疗)ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范系
20、统化疗总述系统化疗总述l分为新辅助化疗、辅助化疗和姑息化疗分为新辅助化疗、辅助化疗和姑息化疗l应严格掌握临床适应证应严格掌握临床适应证l应充分考虑患者病期、体力状况、不良反应、生活质量及应充分考虑患者病期、体力状况、不良反应、生活质量及患者意愿,避免治疗过度或治疗不足患者意愿,避免治疗过度或治疗不足l应及时评估化疗疗效,密切监测及防治不良反应,并酌情应及时评估化疗疗效,密切监测及防治不良反应,并酌情调整药物和(或)剂量调整药物和(或)剂量l疗效评价标准可参照疗效评价标准可参照RECIST疗效评价标准或疗效评价标准或WHO实体瘤实体瘤疗效评价标准疗效评价标准l不良反应评价标准参照不良反应评价标准
21、参照NCI-CTC标准标准鼓励患者在有资质的单位参加临床研究鼓励患者在有资质的单位参加临床研究ref:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范:卫生部胃癌诊疗规范除特别注明外,卡除特别注明外,卡培他滨可替代静脉培他滨可替代静脉输注输注5FU!静脉输注静脉输注5FU优于推注优于推注全身化疗原则全身化疗原则有争议有争议术前降期增加R0切除率体内药敏 清除亚临床病灶改善预后预防医源性播散优点可切除胃癌的新辅助化疗可切除胃癌的新辅助化疗风险:风险:诱导诱导患者耐药患者耐药可手术切除患者疾病进展,失去手术机会可手术切除患者疾病进展,失去手术机会可切除胃癌的辅助治疗可切除胃癌的辅助治疗手术切除手术切除术后治疗术后治疗手术结果手
22、术结果R0切除切除M1观察或对部分患者给予化放疗(以氟尿嘧啶类观察或对部分患者给予化放疗(以氟尿嘧啶类为基础)或者对术前用为基础)或者对术前用ECF化疗的患者再用化疗的患者再用ECF方案(方案(1类)类)姑息治疗姑息治疗(见(见GAST-5)放疗(放疗(45-50.4 Gy)+同时予同时予 5-FU 为基础的放疗增敏(首为基础的放疗增敏(首选)选)+5-FU 甲酰四氢叶酸甲酰四氢叶酸R1切除切除R2切切除除Tis或或T1,N0T2,N0T3,T4或或任何任何T,N+观察观察放疗(放疗(45-50.4 Gy)+同时予同时予 5-FU 为基础的放为基础的放疗增敏(首选)疗增敏(首选)+5-FU 甲
23、酰四氢叶酸甲酰四氢叶酸 或卡或卡培他滨或培他滨或ECF方案(方案(1类)类)随访(见随访(见GAST-5)随访(见随访(见GAST-5)放疗(放疗(45-50.4 Gy)+同时予同时予5-FU 为基础为基础 的放疗增敏的放疗增敏 或或化疗化疗或最佳支持治疗(身体状况差或最佳支持治疗(身体状况差的患者)的患者)20192019年中国专家不推荐中国专家不推荐l术前术前:顺铂顺铂5FU含卡培他滨方案上升为术前放化疗一类证据含卡培他滨方案上升为术前放化疗一类证据DOX和伊利替康进入术前放化疗和伊利替康进入术前放化疗2Bl术后术后:推荐推荐5FULv 在输注在输注5FU前后或卡培他滨联合放疗前后或卡培他
24、滨联合放疗紫杉醇紫杉醇5FU进入术后放化疗推荐进入术后放化疗推荐Version 2.2010,02/26/10 2010 National Comprehensive Cancer Network,Inc.All rights reserved.These guidelines and this illustration may not be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of NCCN.N C C NPractice Guidelinesin Oncology v.2.2010Guidelines
25、IndexGastric Cancer Table of ContentsStaging,Discussion,ReferencesGastric CancerPRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR GASTRICOR GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTIONADENOCARCINOMA(1 of 2)Note:All recommendations are category 2A unless otherwise indicated.Clinical Trials:NCCN believes that the best management of an
26、y cancer patient is in a clinical trial.Participation in clinical trials is especially encouraged.GAST-C(1 of 2)For metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma,some regimens listed below represent institutional preferen ces andmay not be superior to the category 1 regimens.Please
27、refer to the original reports for specifiPlease refer to the Principles of Radiation Therapy for the radiation therapy administration details.Prior to recommending chemotherapy,the requirements for the adequacy of organ function and performance status should be met.The schedule,toxicity,and potentia
28、l benefits from chemotherapy should be thoroughly discussed with the patient andPatienteducation should also include the discussion of precautions and measures to reduce the severity and duration of complications.During chemotherapy,patients should be observed closely,treated for any complications,a
29、nd appropriate blood work should bemonitored.Upon completion of chemotherapy,patients should be evaluated for response and any long-term complications.,and dose modifications.caregivers.c toxicity,doses,schedule()GAST-DReferences on next pageMetastatic or Locally Advanced Cancer(where chemoradiation
30、 is not recommended):DCF(Docetaxel,cisplatin and 5-FU)(category 1)ECF(category 1)ECF modifications(category 1)Irinotecan plus cisplatin(category 2B)Oxaliplatin plus fluoropyrimidine(5-FUor capecitabine)(category 2B)DCF modifications(category 2B)Irinotecan plus fluoropyrimidine(5-FU or capecitabine)(
31、category 2B)Paclitaxel-based regimen(category 2B)Trastuzumab672,8,910,118,122,13,14,1516,17,18Preoperative and Postoperative ChemotherapyPreoperative ChemoradiationPostoperative Chemoradiation(GE junction adenocarcinoma included):ECF(Epirubicin,cisplatin and 5-FU)(category 1)ECF modifications(catego
32、ry 1):Docetaxel or paclitaxel plus fluoropyrimidine(5-FU or capecitabine)(category 2B)Cisplatin plus fluoropyrimidine(category 2B)(GE junction adenocarcinoma included)Fluoropyrimidine(5-FU or capecitabine)(category 1)11,2345Leucovorin is indicated with certain infusional 5-FU-based regimens.Used in
33、combination with systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer or GE junction adenoc arcinoma that is HER-2-positive asdetermined by a standardized method.2019版Version 2.2010,02/26/10 2010 National Comprehensive Cancer Network,Inc.All rights reserved.These guidelin
34、es and this illustration may not be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of NCCN.N C C NPractice Guidelinesin Oncology v.2.2010Guidelines IndexGastric Cancer Table of ContentsStaging,Discussion,ReferencesGastric CancerPRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR GASTRICOR GASTROESOPHA
35、GEAL JUNCTIONADENOCARCINOMA(1 of 2)Note:All recommendations are category 2A unless otherwise indicated.Clinical Trials:NCCN believes that the best management of any cancer patient is in a clinical trial.Participation in clinical trials is especially encouraged.GAST-C(1 of 2)For metastatic gastric or
36、 gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma,some regimens listed below represent institutional preferen ces andmay not be superior to the category 1 regimens.Please refer to the original reports for specifiPlease refer to the Principles of Radiation Therapy for the radiation therapy administration det
37、ails.Prior to recommending chemotherapy,the requirements for the adequacy of organ function and performance status should be met.The schedule,toxicity,and potential benefits from chemotherapy should be thoroughly discussed with the patient andPatienteducation should also include the discussion of pr
38、ecautions and measures to reduce the severity and duration of complications.During chemotherapy,patients should be observed closely,treated for any complications,and appropriate blood work should bemonitored.Upon completion of chemotherapy,patients should be evaluated for response and any long-term
39、complications.,and dose modifications.caregivers.c toxicity,doses,schedule()GAST-DReferences on next pageMetastatic or Locally Advanced Cancer(where chemoradiation is not recommended):DCF(Docetaxel,cisplatin and 5-FU)(category 1)ECF(category 1)ECF modifications(category 1)Irinotecan plus cisplatin(c
40、ategory 2B)Oxaliplatin plus fluoropyrimidine(5-FUor capecitabine)(category 2B)DCF modifications(category 2B)Irinotecan plus fluoropyrimidine(5-FU or capecitabine)(category 2B)Paclitaxel-based regimen(category 2B)Trastuzumab672,8,910,118,122,13,14,1516,17,18Preoperative and Postoperative Chemotherapy
41、Preoperative ChemoradiationPostoperative Chemoradiation(GE junction adenocarcinoma included):ECF(Epirubicin,cisplatin and 5-FU)(category 1)ECF modifications(category 1):Docetaxel or paclitaxel plus fluoropyrimidine(5-FU or capecitabine)(category 2B)Cisplatin plus fluoropyrimidine(category 2B)(GE jun
42、ction adenocarcinoma included)Fluoropyrimidine(5-FU or capecitabine)(category 1)11,2345Leucovorin is indicated with certain infusional 5-FU-based regimens.Used in combination with systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer or GE junction adenoc arcinoma that is
43、HER-2-positive asdetermined by a standardized method.Version 2.2010,02/26/10 2010 National Comprehensive Cancer Network,Inc.All rights reserved.These guidelines and this illustration may not be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of NCCN.N C C NPractice Guidelinesin Oncolog
44、y v.2.2010Guidelines IndexGastric Cancer Table of ContentsStaging,Discussion,ReferencesGastric CancerPRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR GASTRICOR GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTIONADENOCARCINOMA(1 of 2)Note:All recommendations are category 2A unless otherwise indicated.Clinical Trials:NCCN believes that the
45、best management of any cancer patient is in a clinical trial.Participation in clinical trials is especially encouraged.GAST-C(1 of 2)For metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma,some regimens listed below represent institutional preferen ces andmay not be superior to the catego
46、ry 1 regimens.Please refer to the original reports for specifiPlease refer to the Principles of Radiation Therapy for the radiation therapy administration details.Prior to recommending chemotherapy,the requirements for the adequacy of organ function and performance status should be met.The schedule,
47、toxicity,and potential benefits from chemotherapy should be thoroughly discussed with the patient andPatienteducation should also include the discussion of precautions and measures to reduce the severity and duration of complications.During chemotherapy,patients should be observed closely,treated fo
48、r any complications,and appropriate blood work should bemonitored.Upon completion of chemotherapy,patients should be evaluated for response and any long-term complications.,and dose modifications.caregivers.c toxicity,doses,schedule()GAST-DReferences on next pageMetastatic or Locally Advanced Cancer
49、(where chemoradiation is not recommended):DCF(Docetaxel,cisplatin and 5-FU)(category 1)ECF(category 1)ECF modifications(category 1)Irinotecan plus cisplatin(category 2B)Oxaliplatin plus fluoropyrimidine(5-FU or capecitabine)(category 2B)DCF modifications(category 2B)Irinotecan plus fluoropyrimidine(
50、5-FU or capecitabine)(category 2B)Paclitaxel-based regimen(category 2B)Trastuzumab672,8,910,118,122,13,14,1516,17,18Preoperative and Postoperative ChemotherapyPreoperative ChemoradiationPostoperative Chemoradiation(GE junction adenocarcinoma included):ECF(Epirubicin,cisplatin and 5-FU)(category 1)EC