1、Chinese Tea CultureChinese Tea CultureChinese Tea CultureChinese Tea Culture Introduction China,the Hometown of Tea The Importance of Tea in Peoples Daily Life Classification of Tea Tea and Health Tea Custom Tea Ceremonies Gongfu Tea Tea and Chinese Culture Tea Service Master Tea utensilsIntroductio
2、n Tea(茶茶)commonly denotes the drink made from steeping(浸泡）the processed leaves,buds（芽）,or twigs（枝）of the tea bush(Camellia sinensis 茶树)in water.Only the top 1-2 inches of the mature plant are picked.These buds and leaves are called flushes(嫩芽).A plant will grow a new flush every seven to fifteen day
3、s during the growing season,and leaves that are slow in development always produce better flavored teas.Of the three major beverages of the world-tea,coffee and cocoa-tea is consumed by the largest number of people in the world.It has a cooling,slightly bitter,astringent flavor（涩味）which many enjoy.I
4、ntroduction Chinese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of tea,the equipment used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China.The terms chayi Art of Tea 茶艺 and Tea Ceremony have been used,but the term Tea Culture茶文化 includes more than just the ceremony.Also culture i
5、s easier to translate into English from the Chinese term art 艺.Tea culture in China differs from that of Europe,Britain or Japan in such things as preparation methods,tasting methods and the occasions for which it is consumed.Even now,in both casual and formal Chinese occasions,tea is consumed regul
6、arly.In addition to being a drink,Chinese tea is used in Traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.China,the Hometown of Tea It is universally acknowledged that China is the original tea-growing area,as well as the first country to grow,produce and drink tea.The Discovery of TeaThe History
7、 of tea in ChinaThe Discovery of Tea According to legend,in 2737 BC,Emperor SHEN NUNG a notably skilled ruler,scientist,scholar and patron守护神 of the arts,ruled Chinas vast empire.His many farsighted edicts法令 included the requirement that all drinking water be boiled as a hygienic precaution.Shen Nun
8、g Tasted PlantsThe Discovery of Tea One summer day,while on a state visit to a distant part of his realm,he and the court stopped to rest.Accordingly,servants began boiling water for the royal court to drink.By chance,the wind blew dried leaves from a near by bush,into the boiling water and a brown
9、substance was infused into the liquid.As a gifted herbalist and scientist the Emperor was interested in the newly blended concoction混合物.He examined its properties and after sipping and tasting he declared it to be”MOST REFRESHING!”The History of tea in China It has been used as medicine since the pr
10、imitive society.It has been found in the record documents of China Zhou Dynasty about 1100BC.According to historical data,China began to grow tea about two thousand years ago during the period of the Warring States(475-221BC).Drinking tea became a fashion in the Western Jin Dynasty and Tang dynasty.
11、In the Song(960-1279)and Yuan(1271-1368)Dynasties tea appraising became a popular custom Since 1700s,the Chinese tea has largely expended into the world market.The History of tea in China At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea,with Asian countries producing 90%of the worlds total
12、 output.All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.Map of Chinese Tea Producing Area21 Provinces4 regionsLu Yu,the Sage of Tea陆羽煮茶图陆羽陆羽（733年804年），字鸿渐；唐朝复州竟陵竟陵（今湖北湖北天门市）人。一名疾疾，字季疵季疵，号竟陵竟陵子子、桑苎翁桑苎翁、东冈子东冈子，又号茶山御史茶山御史。以著世界第一部茶叶茶叶专著茶经闻名于世，对中国茶业和世界茶业做出了卓越贡献，被誉为“茶圣”，
13、奉为“茶仙”，祀为“茶神”。新唐书陆羽传记：“羽嗜茶，著经经三篇，言茶之原、之法、之具尤备，天下益知饮茶矣。”Lu Yu:Sage of Tea“Tea Jing”茶经（Tea Classics)written by Lu Yu 陆羽 in 760AD was the first book of tea in the world.Tea appraisingTea appraising in Ancient China In the Song and Yuan Dynasties a popular custom was.Over the long history of drinking te
14、a,a special and simple Chinese tea culture came into being.Drinking tea was not only for quenching thirst or for enjoyment,but also for the promotion of friendship and mutual understanding.Folk customs of drinking tea reflected the ancient Chinese peoples great interest in tea culture.斗茶 Tea Fight品茶
15、图 A tea plant will grow into a tree of up to 16 meters(52 ft)if left undisturbed,but cultivated plants are pruned to waist height for ease of plucking.Wild Tea Trees in Yunnan Province Height:32.12 mTea MountainsThe importance of Tea Tea in Daily Life“Firewood,rice,oil,salt,sauce,vinegar and tea are
16、 the seven necessities to begin a day.”Cu Cha Dan Fann 粗茶淡饭:coarse tea and tasteless dinner The Importance of TealTea has always been a vital part of Chinas economy.Back in the“Good Old Days”往昔美好时光of the Great Wall it was actually used as money!Black Tea was formed into bricks and carried by traders
17、 as the caravans 穿越沙漠的）旅行队ventured west.At that time,a brick of Black Tea was as precious as gold and as important an international currency as the US Dollar is today.Tea in Chinas EconomyTea in Literaturel商人重利轻别离，前月浮梁买茶去。The merchant cared for money more than for me,one month ago he went away to pu
18、rchase tea.l酒壮英雄胆，茶引文人思。Wine can add virginity to heroes while tea can stir up men of letters.Tea in Art秉烛品茶 Tea Classificationl The main varieties of Chinese tea:Green TeaBlack TeaOolong TeaWhite TeaYellow TeaScented TeaTea producing technology 制茶工艺制茶工艺制茶工艺制茶工艺 (1)绿茶：鲜叶杀青揉捻（做形）干燥黄茶：鲜叶杀青揉捻闷黄干燥黑茶：鲜叶杀
19、青揉捻渥堆干燥白茶：萎凋干燥 （新工艺白茶：萎凋轻揉干燥）青茶(乌龙茶):萎凋-做青-炒青-揉捻（做形）干燥红茶：萎凋揉捻发酵干燥Tea ClassificationlOther teas:date tea ginseng tea fruit tea eight-treasure tea lotus seed-heart tea Tangerine（柑橘）peel tea Chrysanthemum（菊花）Tea Green tea 绿茶绿茶lCharacteristics The tea made without being fermented.The tea liquid and tea
20、leaves are greenish.lBenefits:It help people reduce their inner heat.It helps with anti-ageing.It prevents computer radiation and bad breath.Green tea 绿茶绿茶lThe most well-known green teas:Longjing Tea from West Lake of Hangzhou 西湖龙井 Maofeng Tea from Huangshan Mountain 黄山毛峰 Yunwu Tea from Lushan Mount
21、ain 庐山云雾 Biluochun Tea from Jiangsu 洞庭碧螺春Longjing Tea 龙井龙井la top-grade green tea from Longjing,West Lake,HangzhoulFour characteristics：green in color 色绿fragrant in smell 香郁sweet in taste 味醇beautiful in appearance形美 Longjing TeaWest LakeBiluochun Tea 碧螺春碧螺春 a top-grade green tea from Dongting 洞庭,Taih
22、u,太湖，Wu County吴县,Jiangsu Province Biluo Peak on Mountain Dongting “Terrifying aroma”吓煞人香 Emperor Kangxi 康熙 named it biluochun.Biluochun TeaDongtingBlack tea 红茶红茶lCharacteristics:The fermented tea.The most popular tea in the world.The tea liquid and tealeaves are reddish.l Benefits:It facilitates the
23、 fostering of yangqi in the human body.It warms the stomach.It helps with digestion.It is a most suitable choice in cold seasons.Black tea 红茶红茶lThe most well-known black teas:Qimen Black Tea 祁门红茶 Yunan Dianhong Tea 云南滇红 Sichuan Chuanhong Tea 四川川红Qimen black tea a top-grade black tea from Qimen 祁门 an
24、d Guichi 贵溪 of Anhui Province.In 1915,Qimen black tea was awarded the Gold Medal at Panama International Fair.From then on,it has been popular with people in foreign countries,especially the upper-class people in Britain.Qimen black tea QimenOolong tea 乌龙茶乌龙茶Characteristics:lblue tea 青茶lThe half-fer
25、mented tealan important part of Gongfu tealThe tea leaves are green in the center and red at the edge.Benefits:lIt decomposes fat and helps people lose weight.Oolong tea 乌龙茶乌龙茶lThe most well-known blue teas:Tieguanyin(Iron Goddess Guanyin)铁观音 Wuyiyan Tea 武夷岩茶 Taiwan Oolong Tea 台湾乌龙Tieguanyin 铁观音铁观音
26、Tieguanyin Tea,translated into English as Iron Goddess Tea,is one of the most famous types of Chinese Tea.It has many different translations and is often called Tieguanyin,Ti Kuan Yin,Tikuanyin,Iron Buddha,Iron Goddess Tea,and Iron Goddess of Mercy Tea.Tieguanyin is produced originally in Anxi Count
27、y(安溪)in Fujian Province Tealeaves:dark green in color,similar to that of iron It is said that Tieguanyin has such a strong aroma that even after adding water to the teapot seven times,one can still enjoy the pleasant taste and fragrance.Several legends of Tieguanyin.Tieguanyin 铁观音铁观音A Legend of Tieg
28、uanyin 2-1 During the reign of Emperor Qianlong there in Fujian Provinces Anxi County there was a dilapidated temple that was dedicated to the Buddhist Bodhisattva Guanyin,the Goddess of Mercy.A poor farmer named Wei Yin(魏饮),on his way to his fields everyday,would pass the temple and noticed its det
29、eriorating state.He felt something needed to be done.The farmer was quite poor and didnt have the means to restore the temple,so instead he brought a broom and incense to the temple.He thoroughly cleaned the temple and burned the incense in offering to Guanyin.He did this twice a month for many mont
30、hs.A Legend of Tieguanyin 2-2 One night in a dream,the Bodhisattva Guanyin appeared to him and told him of a cave located behind the temple.Guanyin told him that a treasure was waiting in the cave for him.He was told to take this treasure and share it with others.When he woke up,Old Wei headed strai
31、ght to the temple and found the cave which he had never noticed before.Growing in the cave was a single tea shoot.He took the shoot home,planted it,and nurtured it until it grew into a large bush.The tea he made from this bush was fantastic and unlike any tea he had ever tasted.He knew that this tre
32、e was indeed a treasure.He gave cuttings of the bush to all of his neighbors and began selling the plant as Tieguanyin,or Iron Goddess of Mercy.The tree of legend still exists and is considered a national treasure.Located near the tree,carved into the cliff is the name of the farmer who,according to
33、 legend,found the original tree.Anxi 安溪安溪White tea 白茶白茶lCharacteristics:uncured,non-fermented,non-rubbed,fast-dried green tea The tealeaves are silver in color and have fine white hair on them.The tea liquid is yellowish in color and sweet in taste,with natural fragrance.lBenefits:It helps dispel he
34、at within the human body.It also enhances immune function It protects the heart and blood vessels.White tea 白茶白茶lIt is mainly produced in Fuding 福鼎，Zhenghe 政和,and Songxi松溪 of Fujian Province.lThe most well-known White tea:“yinzhen baihao”银针白毫(silver needle with fine hair on them)“baimudan”白牡丹（White
35、Peony）yinzhen baihao 银针白毫银针白毫Yellow Tea 黄茶黄茶lCharacteristics:The tea is produced by letting damp tea leaves naturally turn yellow It has an original smell like that of black tea if the tea is cured with other herbs,but its taste is most similar to green and white teas.lBenefits:It refreshes the mind
36、.It helps clear away heat and toxic materials within the human body.Yellow Tea 黄茶黄茶lThe best well-known:Junshan Yinzhen(君山银针)from Hunan Huoshan Huangya(癨山黄芽)from Mt.Huo,Anhui Meng Ding Huangya(蒙顶黄芽)from Mt.Meng,Sichuan Da Ye Qing（大叶青）from GuangdongJunshan Yinzhen 君山银针君山银针Scented tea 花茶花茶lThe tea mad
37、e by mixing and aromatizing tea leaves with scented flowers lIt is produced mainly in Fujian,Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.Scented tea 花茶花茶lThe most well-known:jasmine tea 茉莉花茶 magnolia tea 玉兰花茶 lotus flower tea 荷花茶 chrysanthemum tea 菊花茶 rose tea 玫瑰花茶Jasmine tea 茉莉花茶茉莉花茶 the most popular amon
38、g scented tea made from jasmine flowers.The most well-known jasmine flower tea is produced in Fujian Province.The Steps of Making Jasmine Tea Pick a lot of jasmine flower buds and put them in a clean place;At midnight when the flowers have the strongest fragrance,add green tea to them for absorption
39、;Get rid of the withered jasmine flowers and get the tealeaves baked;Put the baked tealeaves into newly picked jasmine flowers again.This is repeated several times before the tealeaves are ready to be used.Compressed tea 压制茶压制茶lThe tea compressed and hardened into a certain shape brick tea 砖茶:in the
40、 form of bricks Tuocha 沱茶:in the form of cakes and bowlslgood for transport and storage lmainly supplied to the ethnic minorities living in the border areas of the countrylmainly produced in Hubei,Hunan,Sichuan and Yunnan provincesCompressed tealBrick tea:砖茶 huazhuan 花砖茶(flower brick)heizhuan 黑砖茶(bl
41、ack brick)mizhuan 米砖茶(rice brick)qingzhuan 青砖茶(green brick)lTuocha 沱茶 Xiaguan tuocha 下关沱茶 Puer tuocha 普洱沱茶 Sichuan tuocha 四川沱茶Huazhuan&HeizhuanQingzhuan&MizhuanTuochaTea Custom Popularity Tea health benefits Social functions Some common practices Tea CeremonyTea customslPopularity:Scented tea is pop
42、ular in northern China;Green tea is preferred in eastern China;Black tea is optimum for people in Fujian and Guangdong;Compressed tea is mainly for minorities.Tea and Healthl Tea is a natural and healthy drink.Tea contains a lot of nutrients that help to build up good health.Tea is refreshing and he
43、lps you work efficiently.Tea is a thirst quencher and aids digestion of food.Tea helps to disinfect and alleviate inflammation.Tea helps urinary output and purge toxins.Tea helps fitness and against cardiovascular diseases.Social Functions lAs a sign of respect:The younger generation shows its respe
44、ct to the older generation by offering a cup of tea.lTo apologize:People make serious apologies to others by pouring them tea.(a sign of regret and submission)lTo express thanks to your elders on your wedding day:Traditionally,both the bride and groom kneel in front of their parents and serve them t
45、ea.Tea Served at Wedding CeremonySome common practices One should neither pour tea water till the teacup is full nor empty the teapot or teacups while drinking tea.(Shandong Province)If a guest emptied his/her teacup,the host would think he/she does not want any more tea and therefore wouldnt offer
46、him/her any more tea.Knocking bent index,middle and ring fingers on the table three times to express gratitude to the person who serves the tea.Tea CeremonyTea Ceremonies The Chinese tea ceremony,also called the Chinese Way of Tea,is a Chinese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation a
47、nd presentation of tea leaf.The manner in which it is performed,or the art of its performance is shown in the tea ceremony.Taoism has also been an influence in the development of the tea ceremony.The elements of the Chinese tea ceremony is the harmony of nature and enjoying tea in an informal and fo
48、rmal setting.Tea ceremonies are now being revived in Chinas new fast-paced culture,and continuing in the long tradition of intangible Chinese art.Tea CeremonySteps to Make Tea Heat the pot:Heat the teapot with boiled water to eliminate peculiar smell.Heated pot can help to release the tea scent.Step
49、s to Make TeaSteps to Make Tea Place the tea:The mouth of the teapot is usually small,so one should first put the tea in a special half-ball vessel and hand it to guests for them to appraise the shape of the tea leaf.Then,put the tea into the pot with a teaspoon.The amount of the tea is about 1/3 of
50、 the teapot.Steps to Make TeaWarm the cup:Warm the cups with boiled water that heats the pot.Steps to Make TeaSteps to Make Tea High pour:One needs to lift up the kettle high to make a good tea.The tealeaves turn over and scatter in the pot after water pouring in from a high level.This is known as h
