1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 1 A land of diversity . 阅读理解 A (2018 广东省佛山市检测 ) Lakshmi grew up in India in the first half of the twentieth century, seeing many people around her who did not get enough food, were often sick and died young. In the 1960s, she was asked to help manage a program to improve nutrition
2、 in her country. At that time, most advice on nutrition came from North American and European countries. Nutritionists suggested foods that were common and worked well for people who lived in these nations. For example, they told poor Indian women to eat more meat and eggs and drink more orange juic
3、e. But Lakshmi knew this advice was useless in a country like India. People there didnt eat such foods. They werent easy to find. And for the poor, such foods were too expensive. Lakshmi knew that for the program to work, it had to fit Indian culture. So she decided to adjust the nutrition program.
4、She first found out what healthy middleclass people in India ate. She took note of the nutrients (营养物 ) available in those foods. Then she looked for cheap, easytofind foods that would provide the same nutrients. She created a balanced diet of locally grown fruits, vegetables, and grains. These food
5、s were cheap and could be cooked with simple equipment. Her ideas were thought unusual in the 1960s. For example, she insisted that a diet without meat could provide all major nutrients. Now we know she was right. But it took her continuous efforts to get others to finally accept her diet about 50 y
6、ears ago. Because of Lakshmis program, Indian children almost doubled their food intake. And many children who would have been hungry and ill grew healthy and strong. 【文章大意】 拉克希米负责一个改善印度人饮食营养的项目，她没有照搬西方人的建议，而是调整了她的营养计划，来适应印度人的实际情况。经过不断的努力，她的做法才逐步被人们接受，并被认为是正确的。 【长难句分析】 Lakshmi grew up in India in th
7、e first half of the twentieth century, seeing many people around her who did not get enough food, were often sick and died young. 句式分析：本句为主从复合句， Lakshmi grew up in India in the first half of the twentieth century 是主句。 seeing many people around her.died young 作伴随状语，seeing 后跟宾语从句， many people 是宾语从句的主语
8、， were 和 died 是由 and 连接的并列谓语， who did not get enough food 为定语从句，修饰 many people。 句意：拉克希米成长在 20 世纪上半叶的印度，她看到她周围有许多人因得不到足够的食物而常常患病并早早死去。 1. Why did Lakshmi think European nutritionists advice was useless? A It worked well for European people. B It suggested too many foods for Indians. C It was not prac
9、tical in India at that time. D It included foods that didnt exist in India. 答案与解析： C考查细节理解。根据题干中的 useless 到文章中找信息，根据文章第三段中的 “But Lakshmi knew this advice was useless in a country li ke India. People there didnt eat such foods. They werent easy to find. And for the poor, such foods were too expensive
10、.” 可知，欧洲营养学家们的建议在当时的印度是不合实际的。故选 C【 精品教育资源文库 】 项。 2. Lakshmi studied healthy middleclass peoples diet in order to _. A know about their eating habits B learn about Indian culture C find out nutrients in their food D write a report on food nutrients 答案与解析： C考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句 “Then she looked for cheap
11、, easytofind foods that would provide the same nutrients.” 可知，拉克希米之所以研究印度健康的中产阶级的饮食，为的是发现便宜的 、易找到的能提供相同营养的食物。故选 C 项。 3. Lakshmis balanced diet was considered unusual because people thought _. A those foods were too cheap B it should include some meat C it provided all major nutrients D it enabled ki
12、ds to grow healthy 答案与解析： B考查推理判断。 根据最后一段中的 “For example ， she insisted that a diet without meat could provide all major nutrients.Now we know she was right.”可知，拉克希米经过研究发现，不含肉的饮食也能提供所有主要的营养。这个观点当时却不为人所接受，但现在证实她是正确的。故选 B 项。 4. What can we infer about Lakshmi? A She came from a rich family. B She disl
13、iked middleclass people. C She worked with European nutritionists. D She was a determined scientist. 答案与解析： D考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中的 “But it took her continuous efforts to get others to finally accept her diet about 50 years ago.” 可知，经过不断的努力，她才使人们接受她的饮食观点，由此可 推测，拉克希米是一个意志坚定的人。故选 D 项。 B (2018 陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底
14、检测 ) A principal in Manhattan informed parents that there would be no more homework for the public schools students. And then came the arguments not from teachers, but from parents. Some said they would transfer their children to another school. Some said they were finding online sources of homework
15、 for their children. They were not convinced of the explanation from Principal Jane Hsu about the negative effects of homework on young children, including lack of time for other activities and family time, and loss of interest in learning. Hsu suggested children should spend their time on activitie
16、s that had been found to be good for their academic, social and emotional development. As a supporter of Hsus approach, I wonder how many of the parental arguments occur not because of what children will miss out on, but because parents themselves no longer feel confident about their ability to help
17、 their children develop without highly structured activities to guide them. Im reminded of a meeting at the school my younger daughter was about to start when she was 6. The head of the school met with parents to say that she was also considering doing away with homework. One mom objected because ho
18、mework was her “special time” each day with her child when they could sit down together to go through the work. The head of the school appeared surprised at this. She gently 【 精品教育资源文库 】 suggested that the mother should read to her child, or that they should cook dinner together. Its been sad alrea
19、dy to see that kids, between their structured soccer practices and their homework, have very little time to play. But its even sadder to see the parental nervousness about what might happen to a thirdgrader who has more time to create, think, read, interact with others, or imagine. What might happen
20、, I believe, must be more happiness, more energy and better physical fitness. 【文章大意】 曼哈顿的一位校长通知家长她的学校将不再给学生布置家庭作业，此举在家长中引发了激烈的讨论。作者本人对这位校长的方法表示支持，并持乐观的态度。 【难句分析】 As a supporter of Hsus approach, I wonder how many of the parental arguments occur not because of what children will miss out on, but beca
21、use parents themselves no longer feel confident about their ability to help their children develop without highly structured activities to guide them. 分析：本句为复合句。介宾短语 As a supporter of Hsus approach 作状语； wonder后为宾语从句；该宾语从句中含有 not.but.结构， not 后的 because of.out on 为原因状语，且介词短语 because of 后为 what 引导的宾语从句
22、， but 后为 because 引导的原因状语从句。 译文：作为 Jane Hsu 校长这一做法的支持者，我想知道有多少家长不是因为孩子将错失什么，而是因为在没有高度系统化活动指导他们的情况下，家长自己对帮助他们孩子发展的能力不再有信心而进行争论的。 5 From the passage, we know _. A teachers are strongly opposed to giving no homework to their students B the idea of no homework has led to a heated debate C children greatly benefit from the idea of no homework D other activities have taken the place of the homework 答案与解析： B考查细节理解。由第一段中的 “And then came the arguments not from teachers, but from parents.” 可知，不再布置家庭作业的做法在家长中引起了激烈的讨论，
