1、定语从句一.概念:由关系词引导并用来修饰名词,代词,名词性词组或整个句子的句子叫做定语从句,被修饰的对象叫做先行词。1.He told the good news to Marry.Marry told it to me.2.He told the good news to Marry and Marry told it to me.3.He told the good news to Marry,who told it to me 定语从句相当于一个形容词的功能，所以也叫做形容词性从句。它一般紧跟在先行词之后，必需有引导词（有时侯可以省略）二.分类:分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性
2、定语从句与主句关系密切,是主句不可缺少的部分，去掉之后主句意思不完整，不能用逗号将其和主句隔开,但引导词作宾语时可省略(介词之后的不能省略)非限制性定语从句只对先行词作附加说明，去掉之后不影响主句的意思，常用逗号将其和主句隔开,引导词无论在任何时候都不能可省略;不由that 引导；他的先行词可以是一个单词，也可以是句子的主语，甚至是一个句子。不能用that或 why 来引导,指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who，不能省略。Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.Professor White,w
3、hose hometown is very beautiful,will come to our school.I have a brother who is an army officer.(我有一个当军官的弟弟。）I have a brother,who is an army officer.我有一个弟弟，他是个军官。三.引导词,也叫关系词，在句中充当句子成分，起连接作用。在句中充当句子成分，起连接作用。先行词充当的成分 关 系 代 词who人主 宾whom人宾which物主 宾that人/物主 宾as人/物主 宾Whose(of which/whom)人/物定 关 系 副 词When(=
4、介 词+which)时间词状where(=介词+which）地点词状Why（=for+which)原因词状填空填空/选择选择1.I made a list of all the books1.I made a list of all the books _I want to buy_I want to buy before I before I went to the bookstorewent to the bookstore.2.A friend is 2.A friend is a persona person _can share your joys and sorrows/_can
5、share your joys and sorrows/happiness and sadness,happiness and sadness,no matter what/whatever happens.no matter what/whatever happens.3.He 3.He _(do)not reach the Great Wall_(do)not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.is not a true man.4.Recently 4.Recently I boughtI bought an ancient an ancien
6、t ChineseChinese vase vase,_,_ was very reasonable.was very reasonable.A.whichA.which price price B.theB.the price of which price of which C.itsC.its price price D.whoseD.whose price priceE.theE.the price of whose price of whose F.ofF.of which the price which the priceWhose+n.=the+Whose+n.=the+n.+of
7、n.+of whom/which=whom/which=of+whom/which+theof+whom/which+the+n+n.只用来指人或物且只作定语，意为只用来指人或物且只作定语，意为“的的”5.They stayed with me three 5.They stayed with me three weeks weeks _ they_ they drank all the drank all the winewine I hadI had.A.duringA.during which which B.inB.in time of which time of which C.wh
8、ereC.where D.whereverD.wherever E.whenE.when6.Is this factory 6.Is this factory _we visited_we visited the other day?the other day?A.WhereA.Where B.thatB.that C.theC.the one one D.inD.in which which7.This is the 7.This is the school school _ my_ my father once lived father once lived.8.This is the 8
9、.This is the school school _ I_ I love very much.love very much.用下列所给的定语从句填空用下列所给的定语从句填空 1.which is called green agriculture/2.which are kept on the farm./3.who live in the north./4.which are now ready for harvest./5.who use green agriculture./6.which have fallen Farming _1_ grows plants in soil.Dur
10、ing spring and summer,the farmers_2_ work long hours in their fields.In autumn,they pick the crops_3_.Farmers _4_ cannot farm in winter.Instead,they care for the animals_5_.The fields lay silent then,hidden beneath the snows_与与_6_.只用that的情况1先行词为不定代词everything/something/anything/nothing/all/much/few/
11、any/little等时。That is all that I can do for you.He gives me everything that he has.2.定语从句为“there be”句型时 He made full use of time that there was left to him to continue his experiment.3.当先行词the only/the same/last/the very等修饰时 The only thing that could be done is to wait.4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 The first
12、thing that we should do is to clean the room.5.先行词既有人又有物时 He told us about the time、people and place that the story took place.6.在以“which”或“who”开头的句子里 Who that knows everything doesnt know anything.7.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时 China is not the country that it used to be.8.当先行词前有all,any,few,little,no 等修饰语时，用tha
13、t。All the books(that)he has translated are very popular here.9.当被修饰词为数词时：He brought two cats yesterday.Now I can see the two are playing in the garden 10.如果两个从句中，其中一个已经用which，另一个用that 避免重复。He built up two a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.11.有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。Which
14、is the car that hit the boy.Who was the man that she danced with.注意：1.that不能引导非限制性定语从句。2.当先行词为the way 时。定语从句。的引导词只有三种情况：A.that B.in which C.省略，什么都不用。I dont like the way that/in which/_ he speaks to his parents.只用which的情况1.先行词为that时I have that which he has given me.2.引导词指物且前有介词时（若指人用whom)The room in
15、which I lived last year was destroyed in a big fire.The room where I lived last year was destroyed in a big fire.The room that/whichI lived in last year was destroyed in a big fire.The man to whom she is speaking is my brother.The man whom/who/that she is speaking to is my brother怎样来确定怎样来确定先行词前的介词。先
16、行词前的介词。A.A.根据从句中的谓语动词或短语确定。根据从句中的谓语动词或短语确定。This is the book This is the book for whichfor which I paid 10 I paid 10 yuan.(payyuan.(pay for the book)for the book)B.B.根据从句所表达的意义确定。根据从句所表达的意义确定。ItIts known to all that air and water,s known to all that air and water,without whichwithout which man man ca
17、ncant t live,arelive,are very important to very important to us.(withoutus.(without air and water)air and water)C.C.根据先行词确定。根据先行词确定。Last night we had a meeting Last night we had a meeting at whichat which many many problemsproblems were solved.were solved.(at the meeting(at the meeting)3.which 可用来引导
18、限制性和非限制性定语从句可用来引导限制性和非限制性定语从句。4先行词为先行词为tha t(指物指物)或或those(指物指物)时，引导词用时，引导词用whichWhats that which was put in the car.只用who的情况 1当先行词是one,ones,anyone 或those(指物)等时 Anyone who does that must be mad.God helps those who help themselves.2用在there be 结构中 There is a young man who wants to see you.3为了避免重复或引起歧义。
19、I met a friend of mine yesterday who has lived here for 10 years.4.当先行词是I,you,he they 等时（常用于谚语之中）。He who plays with fire gets burned.5.当先行词是指成员的集体名词时 This class who have got tickets will go to the theatre tomorrow.由关系副词引导的定语从句1when只充当时间状语=介词+whichHe came at the time when we need help most.He came at
20、 the time at which we need help most.(we need help most at the time.)2.where只充当地点状语=介词+whichThe office where/at which he works is quite near.(at which=at the office)3why只充当原因状语=for+whichThere are many considerations why/for which he must leave tomorrow.(for which=for many considerations)I told him t
21、he reason,for which I hadnt attended the party.注意：注意：所有的关系副词都只能充当状语。Why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，要用for which来替换。This was the school which I worked at for 6 years.This was the school where I worked for 6 years.This was the school which I worked for 6 years.As引导的定语从句 1.多用于先行词为the same,such,as,so时 或有the same,such
22、,as,so修饰时。I have got into the same trouble as/that he has.I have got into the same trouble as he.Ive never heard of such a moving story as he is telling.注意：在 the same+先行词之后，关系代词后接完整的句子时，用as/that 均可,但意义有所不同；后面只接一个中心词时，则只能用as。This is the same book as I read yesterday.这和我昨天读的那本书是一样的。This is the same bo
23、ok that I read yesterday.不能 这就是我昨天读的那本书。2.As引导的非限制性定语从句 as作关系代词指整个句子，引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首，句中，或句末。which引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于句首，引导词前有介词时，只能用which，不能用as（在限制性定语从句中亦是如此，而且也不用that）；关系代词指整个句子时,as可接 ed 分词构成省略的定语从句，而which不能 I have passed the test,as(is)expected.若引导词代替整个句子，在下列结构中多用若引导词代替整个句子，在下列结构中多用as:asas:as everybo
24、dy can see/as we all know/as is well-everybody can see/as we all know/as is well-known/asexcepted/as often happens/as has been known/asexcepted/as often happens/as has been said beforesaid before 当以上结构用在句末时，可用当以上结构用在句末时，可用which which 代替代替asas。asas表示表示“正正如如”之意，而之意，而whichwhich不受此限制不受此限制,常常译为常常译为“这一点这一点”。She married She married Tom,Tom,asas was excepted.was excepted.She married She married Tom,Tom,whichwhich was excepted.was excepted.
