1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 5 First aid . 阅读理解 A (2018 长沙市高中毕业生供题 ) About Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Castle plays an important role in Scotlands capital. During the Wars of Scottish Independence the castle changed hands many times. In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Ra
2、ndolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce. The castle was home to kings and queens. Queen Margaret died here in 1093, and Mary, Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI in the royal palace in 1566. From the 1600s onwards the castle was a military (军事的 ) base. Later it also held prisoners of war. Parts of the
3、 castle are still a military base, but it is now a worldfamous visitor attraction. Opening Hours The castle opens daily at 9： 30 am. Closing time varies seasonally. 1 April 30 September: it closes at 6 pm. 1 October31 March: it closes at 5 pm. The castle is closed on 25th and 26th December. On Janua
4、ry 1st it is open from 11 am to 5 pm and normal hours start from January 2nd. Last admission is 1 hour before closing. Ticket Types and Prices Beat the queues and book ahead online using our web store for fasttrack entry at no extra cost. Members do not need to queue at the ticket office, and simply
5、 need to show their card at Visitor Information. Prices Adult(16 59 years) 16.50 Child(5 15 years) 9.90 Special(60 years and unemployed) 13.20 Children under 5 years old go free. They must be accompanied by an adult. Guided Tours A guided tour is included in your ticket price our guides love sharing
6、 their stories. They are experienced, knowledgeable and are always happy to answer questions, so its a great way to discover the castles amazing past. Guided tours take place throughout the day and the meeting point is through the Portcullis Gate past the audio booth by the clock. 【文章大意】 该文主要介绍了去爱丁堡
7、城堡游览的相关事宜。 1. What can be inferred about Edinburgh Castle from the text? A It was used as a prison in the 1500s. B It now works only as a tourist attraction. C It was the birthplace of Queen Margaret. D It was once owned by nonScottish people. 答案与解析： D 考查推理判断。根据第一部分的 “In 1314 it was retaken from the
8、 English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce”可知，爱丁堡城堡曾经被英国人所占领和控制，故选 D。 A 项错在 16 世纪爱丁堡城堡是监狱，这与第一部分的 “From the 1600s onwards the castle was a military( 军事 的 )base. Later it also held prisoners of war” 不符； B 项错在如今爱丁堡城堡只是旅游景点，这与第一部分的 “Parts of the castle are still a
9、military base, but it is now a worldfamous 【 精品教育资源文库 】 visitor attraction” 不符； C 项错在女皇 Margaret 是在爱丁堡城堡出生的，这与第一部分的 “Queen Margaret died here in 1093 ， and Mary, Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI in the royal palace in 1566” 不符，故排除。 2. When can visitors visit Edinburgh Castle on New Years Day?
10、 A 4 pm 6 pm. B 3 pm 5 pm. C 10 am 12 am. D 9 am 11 am. 答案与解析： B 考查细节理解。根据第二部分的 “On January 1 st it is open from 11 am to 5 pm and normal hours start from January 2nd” 可知，新年这天可以参观爱丁堡城堡的时间是上午 11 点到下午 5 点，结合选项可知选 B。 3. How much should jobless Jack and his twin grandchildren aged 5 pay in all to visit
11、Edinburgh Castle? A 13.20. B 16.50. C 33.00. D 36.30. 答案与解析： C 考查细节理解。结合题干并根据第 三部分和第四部分关于门票的事宜可知，应该付的数目是 13.2 9.92 33.0，故选 C。 4. What does the text say about guided tours of Edinburgh Castle? A They cost no extra money. B They are provided only at certain times. C Questions arent welcomed during the
12、m. D They are provided only at the Portcullis Gate. 答案与解析： A 考查细节理解。根据最后一部分的 “A guided tour is included in your ticket price” 可知，导游的费用包含在票价里，不需要花费额外的钱，故选 A。 B (2018 吉林省长春市七校高三第一次联考 ) Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and
13、social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914， Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病 ) Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suf
14、fered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoner
15、s were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not. But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldber
16、gers idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride. So Goldberger had himself injected(注射 ) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own n
17、ose and throat.He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients.An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldbergers wife.None of them got sick. Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929.He was fiftyfive years old.Several years later， researchers discovered the exact c
18、ause of pellagra： a lack of vitamin 【 精品教育资源文库 】 B3 known as niacin. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生 Joseph Goldberger 研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。 Joseph Goldberger 医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。 【难句分析】 The doctor came to believe that the disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead to food. 分析：本句是一个含有 that 引导的宾语从句的主从
19、复合句。 that 从句中， but 连接两个并列的谓语。 译文：这位医生渐渐相信这种病不是传染性的，而是与食物有关。 5 Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger? A People in America. B People put into prison. C People having a poor diet. D People touching pellagra patients. 答案与解析： C 考查细节理解。 根据第二段中的 “Most of the people lived a hard life.the
20、 disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food” ，再结合 Goldberger 在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在 Joseph Goldberger 看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。 6. What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4? A Pellagra wasnt so t
21、errible. B Pellagra didnt spread. C Pellagra could be cured. D Pellagra wasnt a medical problem. 答案与解析： B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中提到的 Goldberger 认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进 行的实验的内容 (将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸 )和结果 (他没患病 )可推知， Goldberger 进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。 7. Which words
22、can be used to describe Goldberger? A Devoted and determined. B Selfless and friendly. C Patient and expert. D Stubborn and enthusiastic. 答案与解析： A 考查推理判断。文中提到的 Goldberger 在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可Goldberger 的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。故选 A。 C (2018 辽宁大连双基测试 ) For many people, being on the job might just sound like a picnic compared to a day at home filled with housework, meals and childcare. Even for those with a happy f
