数词和冠词课件.ppt

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1、Revision 1.Is this _(apple)?No,it isnt.2.What are these?They are _(orange).3.Pass me a _(pencil).4.Give me some _(egg),please.5.Are those your _(shoe)?Yes,they are.6.Those shoes are _(Tom).appleorangesshoeseggspencilToms 7.Is the big _(orange)Lindas?8.There are two _(knife)in the pencil-box.9.This _

2、(box)is big.10.How many _(fish)are there in the river?11.They have some new _(hat).12.A pigs _(ear)are big.orangeknivesboxfishhatsears指鱼的种类时用指鱼的种类时用fishes,其它情况用,其它情况用fish sheep apple a an冠词顾名思义,戴在头上的帽子,冠词就是名词头上的帽子。冠词有三个,a,an和和the。a,an称为“不定冠词”,the称为定冠词the冠词定冠词不定冠词aan零冠词不定冠词的用法1.表示“一个”,意为one,但不强调数量。如:

3、There are seven days in a week.I have a story book.2.泛指一类人或事物,强调整体。如:A rabbit like carrots.An elephant is much stronger than a tiger.不定冠词a/an用在可数名词单数面前,表示某一类人或事物。3.用在表示时间、数量、价格等意义的名次之前,意为“每一”如:Please clean the floor three times a week.Grape is five yuan a kilo.4.用在一些固定词组中 a lot of,have a cold,have a

4、 rest,have a look,have a good time,a piece of,a pair of,a few,a kind of,in a hurry 5.用在专有名词前 用于姓名、作品前,表示“具有特征的人”、“的作品”。如:I wish to become an Edison.用于一个带头衔的“姓”前,意为“一位姓的小姐/先生”,表示说话人对此人不认识。如:A Miss Chen came to see you this morning.表示“某时的某地”、或“某种样子的某地”。如:She is now a different Japan from what she was

5、ten years ago.6.在下列情况应加不定冠词 在what引导的感叹句和在many,such构成的句中。What What a silly boy!Many +a(n)+名词 Many a man tried it before!Such Dont be in such a hurry.在quite,rather等句中常后置,但也可前置。如:He is rather a/a rather fool.It is quite a/a quite good book.so/as/too/how/however+形容词+a(n)+名词 She is as clever a girl as yo

6、u can wish to meet.Its too difficult a book for us.Now I can see how serious a problem it is.与half连用。如:half a mile=a half mile half an hour=a half hour 7.与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件”,如:a pleasure一件乐事,a surprise一件令人惊讶的事,a joy一件高兴的事,a pity一件遗憾的事,an honor一个(件)经以为荣的人(事)。小贴士1.an只用在元音音素开头的单词前,并不一定是元音字母开头前。如:an

7、umbrella,an hour a university student常见的单词有:apple,orange,onion,egg,air-conditionerice-cream,English boy,elephant,ant,2.名词前有形容词修饰时,不定冠词一般放在形容词之前。如:a nice picture,an exciting filmExercisesduck wolf picture umbrella farmer bedroom American boy old woman letteraaaaaaananan定冠词用法定冠词用法定冠词the,用于各类名词前,表示某个或某

8、些特指的人或事物,“这(些),那(些)”。1.表示特指的某些事物。如:Who is the boy in a black jacket?The woman with some flowers in her hands is Nancys mother.2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事。如:Open the window,please.The teacher is coming.3.指上文已提到过的人或事。如:I have a storybook.The storybook is very interesting.We saw a film last weekend.The film is abou

9、t animals.4.用在乐器乐器名称前。如:Gaoshan can play the piano well.Helen is good at playing the violin.5.用在独一无二的事物前。如:The moon turns around the Earth.A bird is flying freely in the sky6.用在序数词、形容词最高级及only,very,same等词面前。如:My birthday is on the second of August.We have the same hobby.7.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Great

10、 Wall the United States the Childrens palace8.用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示某人一家或夫妇二人。如:The Smiths are watching a running race.The Browns are going to have a picnic next weekend.9.用在一些固定词组中如:in the morning,by the way,on the right,in the middle of,in the east,go to the cinema特指、双方熟悉,上文已经提及,世上独一无二、方位名词、特指、双方熟悉,上文已经提及

11、,世上独一无二、方位名词、乐器、某些专有名词、复数姓氏、序数词、最高级、习惯用语乐器、某些专有名词、复数姓氏、序数词、最高级、习惯用语零冠词1、国名、地名、抽象等专有名词前不用如:China is a big country.Lu xun is a grate Chinese writer2、泛指的复数名词表示一类人或事物时。前面不用冠词如:Trees can help clean the air.Books are my best friends.She likes strawberries3、季节、月份、星期、节日前不加冠词如:in summer on Saturday in Septem

12、ber on Teachers Day4、一日三餐及球类运动前不加冠词如:have lunch play football5、可数名词前有this,that,my,some等词时,不需要加冠词。如:This present is from my grandfather.some books6、固定词组中,不用加冠词。on foot by car at night on duty in hospital go to bed2有定冠词与无定冠词的区别(1)go to school 上学是学生go to the school 到学校去不一定是学生(2)go to bed 就寝;上床睡觉go to t

13、he bed 向床边走去;走到床前不一定是去睡觉 1.有无冠词的区别:有无冠词的区别:1.Shanghai is on Huang Pu River.2.There is a cake on my table.3.Can you see star,Peter?Exercisesthethe/1.The warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used.AThe;the Bthe;/C/;the D/;/B。第一空格为特指,交待the warmth的内容,第二空格为泛指,the sort of wo

14、ol used所用羊毛的种类。此题有三点需注意:正确理解sweater 这一句词在句中的类别。掌握determine在句中作“决定”、“取决于”这个意思。掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法。2.Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food.Athe a B/a Cthe the D/theB。名词复数表类别,其前不用冠词,故第一个空格不填冠词,表不定概念的“一种”,“某种”要用不定冠词a。3.Paper money was in _ use in

15、 China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century.Athe /Bthe the C/the D/C。题中in use是固定搭配,意为“在使用”,use为抽象名词,其前不用冠词。后者是序数词前用定冠词the。要牢记一些固定搭配如in use、under construction(在建设中)、in debt(欠债)、come to power(执政)、on fire(着火)、at table(用餐)、out of work(失业)等。4.John,there is Mr.Wilson on the phone fo

16、r you.Im in bath.A.a;the B.the;a C.a;不填 D.the;不填A。本题考查冠词用法。a+姓名,表示“一个叫的人”;in the bath在浴室。5.Tom owns larger collection of books than any other student in our class.A.the;不填 B.a;不填 C.a;the D.不填;theB。考冠词,collection是可数名词,须填冠词,被比较级修饰,但是大范围的比较,故填不定冠词,后一空是泛指的表类别的书,且已用了复数,不填冠词。6.-Did you see the football ma

17、tch last night?-Yes,I have never seen _ exciting match before.A.such a B.so a C.such an D.so an C。公式一:。公式一:Such+不定冠词不定冠词+【形容词形容词】+名词名词 公式二:公式二:So+【形容词形容词】+不定冠词不定冠词+名词名词范范 围围 特特 点点 实实 例例 1 12 无规律无规律 three,four,five,six,seven,eight,eleven,twelve13 19 以以teen结尾结尾thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,sevente

18、en,eighteen,nineteen20 90 以以 ty 结尾结尾twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21 99十位与个位之十位与个位之间加连字符间加连字符“-”twenty-five,sixty-one ninety-nine101 199百位与十位之百位与十位之间通常要用间通常要用andthree hundred and twenty-five千以上千以上1200:twelve hundred.6275:six thousand two hundred and seventy-five;5,237,166,234

19、基数词的构成基数词的构成 10002000 间间常讲若干百常讲若干百在基数词的构成中,1-12要特别记忆。13-19以teen结尾,整十的数字都是以ty结尾,在表示“几十几”时要加连字符号“-”。注意以下数词注意以下数词:eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty序数词的构成1.1-19序数词中除了first,second,third,之外,2.其余均由基数词加th构成,但要注意fifth,3.eighth,ninth,twelfth的拼写。从第二十至第九十,变变y为为i,再加,再加“eth”

20、构成构成。twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth1.“几十几”以上的基数词,变为序数词时,2.只把个位数变为序数词只把个位数变为序数词。ninety-ninth4.序数词的缩写形式是由阿拉伯数字后面加上由阿拉伯数字后面加上1.序数词的最后两个字母构成序数词的最后两个字母构成。2.twenty-first:21st 1.We are in Class_(3).2.We have_(12)months of the year.3.December is the _(12)one.4.This is my_(1)bag.5.My birthday is Dec.(21).6.

21、I live on the (2)floor.ExercisesThreetwelvetwelfthfirstTwenty-firstsecond1)用序数词表示顺序,有时也可用基数词,但要注意顺序、冠词和大小写 the twentieth century the second part-Part Two the tenth lesson-Lesson Ten the First World War-World War I the third grade-Grade Three 2)基数词 表示确切数目时不能加 但是:在表示不确切数目时,要用复数形式:3)基数词与序数词连用时,通常是序数词在前

22、。4)序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词 the;但如果序数词前出现不定冠词 a 或 an 时,则表示“再一”,“又一”。Weve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次吗?5)score:“二十”;scores of 词组:“许多”score的用法与dozen,hundred,thousand,million,billion相同,即与具体的数字连用时,不加s,泛指时,加s,与of 连用;例如:他已去过那里许多次了。He has been there scores of times.一百年前这儿有一个

23、动物园。Five score(of)years ago there was a zoo here.The old lady bought 3 score of those eggsdozen一打,十二个当dozen与数词或many,several 等连用时,不加s,所修饰的名词前常省去of.如:five dozen people(60个人)many/several dozen pencil 但是,在a dozen of these people,two dozen of them等短语中应加of,这是因为习惯上在 these,those,them,us等词前该用dozen of的 缘故。6)分

24、数由基数词和序数词合成,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于一时,分母的序数词要用复数形式。如:1/3 one(a)third 2/3two thirds1/2 one(a)half 1/4 one(a)quarter小数点point;零读o或zero;小数点后的数字按个体基数词依次读出。例如:0.6zero point six;5.38five point three eight百分数由per cent(percent)表示,如:19%-19 percentad3.b4.a5._ of the buildings were ruined.a.Three fourth b.Three four

25、 c.Three-fourths d.Three-fourc6.Consult _ for questions about earthquakes.a.the six index b.index six c.sixth index d.index numbering sixb4.If you go by _train,you can have quite a comfortable journey,but make sure you get _fast one.A./,/B./,a C.the,a D./,/B.by train 乘火车,by 在接交通工具类的同时,一般不接冠词,如by bik

26、e,by ship;根据句意第二个空应该是泛指。5._people in the world are sending and receiving e-mails every day.A.Million of B.Seven million of C.Millions of D.Seven millions ofC6.This is a big class.And _ of the students are girls.A.two third B.second three C.two thirds D.two threeC1.After _supper,he stayed at _ home a

27、nd played _ violin.Athe,/,theB/,/,theC/,the,/Da,the,theB三餐饭前不用冠词,at home不用冠词,乐器前要用“the”。2.A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in _leg.A.a B.one C.the D.hisC本题考查习惯用法,结构为动词sb.+介词+the+身体的某个部位。3.The cakes are delicious.Hed like have _third one because _second one is rather too small.a,a B.the.the C.a,the D.the,a C.当序数词表示顺序时前面要回定冠词修饰;当表示“又一;再一”时,前面用不定冠词修饰。

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