1、英语HBJY专题九 情态动词(10年7考)中考解读:中考解读:河北近10年中考只在单项选择中考查了情态动词,主要集中在常见情态动词can,may,must和need的基本用法及词义辨析。情态动词表推测近10年只考了一次must表肯定推测的用法。近两年未考查情态动词近两年未考查情态动词。解题技巧:解题技巧:对于考查基本用法的试题,考生应首先看有无涉及各情态动词的常用句型,如:“May I?”、“Can/Could you?”等。如果没有,先分析各选项的含义,然后根据语境确定正确答案;如果有,则根据问句中的常用句型选择相应的答语或正确的情态动词。考点透析考点透析 对于考查表推测的试题,考生可从以下
2、两方面着手:表示否定的推测表示否定的推测:一是断然的否定,此类题根据语境对空格处给出的解释,若判断是非常肯定的否定,此时用cant;二是表示不能十分肯定或拿不准,此类题一般也会有相关的语境提示,如:Im not sure,who knows等,此时用may或might。表示肯定的推测表示肯定的推测:即只有一种可能,只要语境有非常明显肯定的提示词,则直接选must。情态动词表示说话人对所说动作的观点,如需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。在形式上,情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化,有的情态动词没有时态的变化,如must。情态动词本身词义不完全,不能单独使用,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。其否
3、定式一般是在其后加not,一般疑问句通常将其提到句首。1.情态动词的基本用法(10年7考)情态动词用法例句can(2020.34,2017.30)表示能力,意为“能,会”Her sister can play the violin.她姐姐会拉小提琴。表示允许,意为“可以”You can play basketball on weekends.你可以周末去打篮球。表示请求Can I borrow your bike?我能借一下你的自行车吗?情态动词用法例句cant(2015.28,2014.34)意为“不会,不能”I cant give you an answer now.我现在不能给你一个答复
4、。couldcan的过去式,意为“能,会”,表示过去的能力Lang Lang could play the piano well when he was a child.郎朗在小时候钢琴就弹得很好。在疑问句中表示委婉的请求Could I have a cup of tea?我可以要一杯茶吗?情态动词用法例句must(2010.31)表示主观看法,意为“必须,一定”You must read a book before you watch TV.你看电视之前必须读一本书。mustnt意为“一定不要,禁止”You mustnt play football on the road.你(们)一定不要在
5、马路上踢足球。情态动词用法例句may(2013.34)表示请求、许可,意为“可以”Class is over.You may go now.下课了,你(们)现在可以走了。mightmay的过去式,表示请求、许可,语气比may更委婉He asked if he might go home.他问他是否可以回家了。Might I smoke here?我可以在这里吸烟吗?情态动词用法例句need作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中Need you leave so early?你有必要这么早就走吗?neednt(2011.36)need的否定式,意为“不需要”,常用于must提问的否定回答Must
6、 I pay for the book in advance?我必须预先支付这本书吗?No,you neednt.不,你不需要。情态动词用法例句should/ought to意为“应该”,表示要求或命令,也可以表示劝告或建议We should/ought to keep the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。表示征询意见,常用于疑问句中When should we have a meeting?我们应该什么时候开会?shouldnt意为“不应该”We shouldnt waste water.我们不应该浪费水。情态动词用法例句shall表示请求或征求对方意见,多用于第一、三人称,构
7、成疑问句Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散散步好吗?表示决心、警告、命令,多用于第二人称You shall not bring your mobile phones to the classroom in the exam.在考试中你们不许把手机带进教室。情态动词用法例句will表示询问、请求,用于疑问句中,常用于第二人称Will you pass me the book?你把那本书递给我好吗?would表示自愿做或主动提出做某事,如意志、愿望或决心等Jane said she would not go with Tom,for she didnt like hi
8、m.简说她不愿和汤姆一起去,因为她不喜欢他。情态动词用法例句had better意为“最好”,简略形式为d betterYou had better have breakfast,or you will not focus on your work.你最好吃早餐,否则你将不会专注于你的工作。have to意为“不得不,必须”,多表示客观需要,有人称、时态和数的变化,有时可与must互换I have to go to work every day.我每天不得不去上班。易错点:易错点:1.由may或might引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may/can;否定回答用cant/mustnt。如:May/
9、Might I sit here?我可以坐在这儿吗?Yes,you may/can./No,you cant/mustnt.是的,你可以。/不,你不能。2.由must引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must/have to/has to;否定回答常用neednt/dont have to/doesnt have to。如:Must I hand in my homework this afternoon?我今天下午必须交作业吗?Yes,you must./No,you neednt/dont have to.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。3.回答以need引出的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否
10、定回答用neednt。如:Need I do the work at once?我需要立刻做这项工作吗?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。4.回答以could引出的一般疑问句时,用can,不用could。如:Could I use your mobile phone?我可以用你的手机吗?Yes,you can./No,you cant.是的,可以。/不,不可以。2.情态动词表推测的用法(2012.35)情态动词用法例句cant表示否定推测,意为“一定不,不可能”(可能性几乎为零),语气强烈Miss Gao cant be in the clas
11、sroom.I just saw her in the office.高老师不可能在教室。我刚刚在办公室看见她了。could表推测,意为“有可能,也许”(20%80%的可能性),语气缓和、较委婉The French book could be Alices.She studies French.这本法语书有可能是爱丽丝的。她学法语。情态动词用法例句might表推测,意为“有可能,也许”,可能性低于may,语气缓和、较委婉She might have gone to the library.She likes reading books in the afternoon.她或许去图书馆了。她喜欢
12、下午看书。may表示可能性,意为“有可能,也许”,表示把握不大的推测She may come back tomorrow,but Im not sure.她可能明天回来,但是我不确定。情态动词用法例句must(2012.35)表示肯定推测,意为“一定,肯定”(100%的可能性)They must be very tired after a long walk.走了这么长的路之后他们一定很累了。1.(2020河北34题)you smell something burning?Go and see whats happening.A.CanB.MayC.MustD.Need2.(2017河北30题
13、)I have travelled a lot.I speak four languages.A.can B.may C.must D.need3.(2015河北28题)Theres an important football match today.I miss it.A.mayB.cantC.must D.needntAB考点测验考点测验A4.(2014河北34题)I follow you.Would you please repeat it?A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt5.(2013河北34题)I see your ID card,sir?We
14、have to check your information.A.May B.MustC.ShouldD.Need6.(2012河北35题)Whose is the pencil box?It be Toms.Look at his name on the cover!A.can B.may C.mustD.needAAC7.(2011河北36题)You eat the soup if you dont like it.A.shouldntB.mustnt C.needntD.cant8.Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?Yes,
15、you .A.mustB.can C.mayD.needC A9.Parents put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe.A.may B.mightC.can D.should10.Could I ride an electric bicycle to school,Mr.Wang?No,you .Students under the age of 16 arent allowed to ride electric bicycles.A.couldntB.neednt C.c
16、antD.shouldntD C 11.Everything is changing!Things that werent accepted in the past be very popular with people now.A.shouldB.mustC.mayD.need12.Kids run about on the side of the road.Its dangerous!A.should B.shouldnt C.need D.neednt13.Look at the“No Photos”sign.You take photos in the art museum.A.sho
17、uldB.can C.neednt D.mustntCBD14.You spend much time on the Internet.Its bad for your eyes.A.can B.mayC.cantD.neednt15.Polluted air does harm to the living things on the earth.It kill plants as well as even humans.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.need16.What will the weather be like tomorrow?It be rainy,cloudy o
18、r sunny.Im not sure.A.must B.should C.cantD.might C A D17.Theres someone knocking on the door.It be Jim because hes just phoned to tell me he is arriving.A.can B.mustnt C.cantD.must18.Must I leave now?Its still raining hard outside.No,you .You can wait till the rain stops.A.dont have to B.couldnt C.cantD.shouldnt D A19.The coat belong to Lily.It looks much larger on her and it has a smell of smoke.A.mustB.mightC.canD.cant20.I take your order,please?Yes,Id like a sandwich.A.Must B.Need C.May D.Should DC谢谢!谢谢!