1、专题六专题六 adjective and adverbadjective and adverb（形容词和副词）（形容词和副词）中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于79年级学生本专题一般共需4课时第一课时 形容词的一般用法 一、形容词的用法和位置 二、常用形容词的区别 三、巩固练习1.形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语以及作宾语补足语。形容词一般译为“的”如busy忙的，clever聪明的，interested感兴趣的I am very busy today.我今天很忙。He is a clever boy.他是一个聪明的男孩。The film made me in
2、terested in English.这部电影让我对英语感兴趣。一、形容词的用法和位置几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语(The、A)+描绘性形容词+size(大小)+shape(形状)+age(年龄、时间)+color(颜色)+origin(国籍、来源)+material(材料)+purpose(目的)+名词;a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella一把笨重黑色的中国钢伞the mans first two interesting little red French oil paintings这个男的前两幅有趣的小的红色的法国油画。熟记口诀就可以顺
3、利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。形容词短语作定语，定语后置;a language difficult to master,难以掌握的语言 a leaning tower about 180 feet high 180英尺高的斜塔 This is a student worth of praise.这是一个值得称赞的学生。They will turn their motherland into a country,beautiful and modern.他们要把他们的祖国变成一个美丽现代的国
4、家。表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语，定语后置;a man alive：活着的人 有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”;形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词：如anything、something等时，通常后置;I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事要跟你讲。程度副词一般位于形容词前面，而enough修饰形容词时，必须后置;Our school
5、is very beautiful.我们学校很美。He is old enough to go to school.他够去上学的年纪了。else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语;What else do you know about the accident?你还知道这桩事故的什么情况?2.复合形容词常用作定语，个别也可以作表语。He was a 12-year-old boy.他是一个12岁的男孩。She is good-looking.她长得漂亮。复合形容词的构成：形容词+名词-ed：kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的形容词+形容词：red-hot炽热的，da
6、rk-blue深蓝的形容词+现在分词：good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的副词+现在分词：hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的副词+过去分词：hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的名词+形容词：life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的名词+现在分词：peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的名词+过去分词：snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的数词+名词+ed：four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的数词+名词(名词用单数)：ten
7、-year 10年的,two-man两人的3.形容词作伴随状语和原因状语He spent 7days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry.他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。She stared into the distance,speechless for a long time.她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。Afraid of being caught，the thief hid himself under a bed.因为害怕被抓，这个小偷藏在床下面。4.4.连系动词与形容词连系动词与形容词get,grow,become,feel,appear,pro
8、ve,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,go,turn,remain等这些动词既可以用作为实义动词又可以用作连系动词，因而要根据上下文语境判断究竟是什么性质的动动词才能正确解题。请看下面这道选择题：We dont care if a hunting dog smells _,but we really dont want him to smell_.A.well;well B.bad;badly C.well;badly D.badly;bad第一个“smell”是“闻起来”的意思，是连系动词，用形容词。第二个“smell”是实义动词，用副词来修饰;此外well作形容词是
9、表示人身体好、气色好，用在此句中不行，只能作副词用。答案是B。句意是：“我们不在乎猎狗闻起来难闻，但是我们确实不希望它的嗅觉力差。Quiz 小试牛刀改错：下列句子中形容词使用有误，请找出并改正。1.There is a 100-meters-long river near my home.2.I found two red big boxes in the kitchen yesterday.3.Can you tell me interesting something?4.I think Hangzhou very beautiful.5.He looks tired and sadly t
10、odayQuiz 小试牛刀改错：下列句子中形容词使用有误，请找出并改正。1.There is a 100-meter-long river near my home.2.I found two big red boxes in the kitchen yesterday.3.Can you tell me something interesting?4.I think Hangzhou is very beautiful.5.He looks tired and sad today二、常用形容词的区别1.alone,lonely这两个词拼写和词义都很接近，但含义和用法有差异。alone的意思是
11、的意思是“独自、单独独自、单独”。仅用作表语和副词仅用作表语和副词。放在名词或代词之后，可表示“只有、仅仅”的意思。如：Most of the time,I am alone at home.很多时候我独自一人呆在家里。I cant lift the box alone;I need your help.我自己抬不动这盒子，我需要你帮忙。Gifts alone are not enough for a child,because he needs love most.礼物本身对孩子来说还够，因为他们最需要的是爱。lonely 既作定语形容词也可作表语形容词。作定时，词义为既作定语形容词也可作表
12、语形容词。作定时，词义为“孤单孤单的、偏僻的、荒凉的的、偏僻的、荒凉的”。如：a lonely traveller（孤身旅行的人）,a lonely house（荒凉的房子）,a lonely mountain village（荒凉的山村）等。作定语时，lonely表示“寂寞的、孤单的”，指因缺乏人作伴而产生的忧郁和寂寞。如：He lived a lonely life all his life.他一生过着孤单的生活。【典型例题】I am ,but Im not at all,for Ive got a short-wave radio.【解析】句意：我独自一人，但我并不寂寞，因为我有一个短波
13、收音机。第一空强调自己一个人，所以填alone；第二空指内心的感受，所以填lonely。2.alive,living,live这三个形容词都表示“活着的、有生命的”，但在使用的范围和场合上有差异。1）alive 是表语形容词。用用“活着”解时，通常用于人，很少用于物或比喻场合。此外，alive还可表示“有生气的、活泼的”。在be alive with短语中，表示“（某处）充满”。如：The child was found alive by the roadside.人们在路边发现这孩子活着。He is the best writer alive,I should say.我认为他是在世的最好的
14、作家。The streets were alive with people.这些街上有很多人。2）living 既可作表语又可作定语，可用于人也可用于物或比喻场合。如：Of all living writers,I admire Mr.Shaw most.在所有作家中，我钦佩萧先生。Are his parents still living?他父母还活着吗？live 仅作定语。除在诙谐的场合用于人外，主要用于动物和无生命的东西。如：a live mouse,一只活老鼠 live coal,燃烧的煤 a live wire（带电的电线）,a live programme 实况节目等。如：This
15、morning I bought some live fish from the market.今天早晨我在市场买了几条活鱼。另：lively 意思为：活泼的，生动的，生机勃勃的如：She is a lively girl.她是一个活泼的女孩。Everything is lively here.这里一切生机勃勃。【典型例题】用lively，live，living，alive填空1.This is a mouse.2.He told a very story.3.Whos the greatest man?4.There is no things in the water because of
16、pollution.Keys:1.live 2.lively 3.alive 4.living3.high,tall这两个词都是“高”的意思。high 常见用法有：1）物体高出地面之上，如：Its the highest mountain in the world.它是世界上最高的山。2）离开地面的高度或测量的高度，如：The tower is about 200 meters high.这座大约有200米高。3）比喻性的高，合成词。如：high price（高价）,high jump（跳高）。4）社会地位高。如：a high official（一位高级官员）tall 一般指人和动物的体长或物
17、体高度超过宽度。如：She is taller than the boy.她比这个小男孩高。4.、little,small这两个词都表示“小”的意思，但含义上有所区别。1）little 表示本身的“小”，不含比较的意味，与big和great相对。常带赞赏、爱怜等意味。如：The little room is very bright and warm.这间小屋非常明亮、温暖。She is certainly a pretty little girl.她的确是一个漂亮小姑娘。2）small 表示比较而言的“小”，与large相对。有时带有轻视、贬低的意味。如：He works in a small
18、 factory 他在一家小工厂工作。3）little 和small均可用于人。前者指年龄小或身材小，后者仅指身材比同龄人小。如：The boy is rather small for his age.就年龄而言，这男孩个子矮了些。5、good,well,nice这三个词都表示“好”的意思，但它们在词性和修饰的对象方面有所不同。1）good,“好”，是形容词用来修饰名词，如good news好消息；good points优点；a good year好年成。如：She is a good singer.她是一个好歌手。We had a good time together watching th
19、e volleyball match.我们开心地一起看排球。2）well,“好、令人满意地”，是副词，用来修饰动词，如well done干得好，live well生活得好。如：Kate doesnt sing well,but she dances well.凯特唱不好，但她舞跳得很好。3）表示身体健康要用well不用good,这时well是形容词。如：Im feeling very well today.我今天感觉身体很好。4）注意：well作名词解为“井”之意。5）nice，“好的”，“好看的”，是形容词，用来修饰名词。在表示“好”的含义与good不一样。如a nice girl一个好看的
20、姑娘；nice weather好天气。nice 也可以表示“愉快的”，但在修饰程度上与good不一样。试看：He was very nice to me.他对我真好。ed结尾和ing结尾单词区别1)以-ing结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰物，译为“令人的”，常作定语；2)以-ed结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰人，译为“（人）的”，常作表语，如:Im interested in that interesting story.我对那个有趣的故事很有兴趣。类似的词还有:surprised吃惊的,surprising令人吃惊的 excited 兴奋的exciting令人兴奋的His stude
21、nts are surprised at his yellow hair.他学生对他黄色的头发感到吃惊。surprising news惊人的消息()1.The man was not _ when he heard the _ words.A.frightening;frightening B.frightened;frightened C.frightening;frightened D.frightened;frightening()2.Helen isnt a_ friend of mine.I feel_ sorry for her.A.true,true B.truly true C
22、.true,truly D.truly,truly()3.The song sounds _.A.sweet B.nicely C.well D.interested()4.Mother doesnt feel _ today.A.good B.well C.nice D.health()5.Marys mother bought a _ coat for her yesterday.A.big new blue silk B.new blue silk big C.new silk blue big D.blue silk new bigOptions 单项选择(D )1.The man w
23、as not _ when he heard the _ words.A.frightening;frightening B.frightened;frightened C.frightening;frightened D.frightened;frightening(C )2.Helen isnt a_ friend of mine.I feel_ sorry for her.A.true,true B.truly,true C.true,truly D.truly,truly(A )3.The song sounds _.A.sweet B.nicely C.well D.interest
24、ed(B )4.Mother doesnt feel _ today.A.good B.well C.nice D.health(A )5.Marys mother bought a _ coat for her yesterday.A.big new blue silk B.new blue silk big C.new silk blue big D.blue silk new bigOptions 单项选择()6.There is _ in todays newspaper.A.interesting something B.nothing interesting C.interesti
25、ng anything D.anything interesting()7.Im not _ to lift the heavy box.A.short enough B.enough tall C.health enough D.strong enough()8._ would like to go to the park with me?A.Whom else B.What else C.Who else D.Else who()9.They were very _ to see each other again.A.pleased B.surprising C.happily D.ang
26、rily()10._ helped a lot in our country.A.The blind is B.The blind are C.The blinds is D.Blind are(B )6.There is _ in todays newspaper.A.interesting something B.nothing interesting C.interesting anything D.anything interesting(D )7.Im not _ to lift the heavy box.A.short enough B.enough tall C.health
27、enough D.strong enough(C )8._ would like to go to the park with me?A.Whom else B.What else C.Who else D.Else who(A )9.They were very _ to see each other again.A.pleased B.surprising C.happily D.angrily(B )10._ helped a lot in our country.A.The blind is B.The blind are C.The blinds is D.Blind are 课时总结形容词作表语 They look really happy.作定语 This is an interesting long story.作宾补 The news made him excited.作状语 He went back home,tired but happy.普通形容词复合形容词
