1、非谓语形式2023初中英语一轮复习语法基础部分非谓语形式1.包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。2.分词包含现在分词和过去分词；3.在句子中不作谓语。肯定“分为 带”to”(to do)和 不带”to”(do)的动词不定式。否定：not+不定式1.动词不定式（1）形式（2）时态时态时态主动主动被动被动一般式to do to be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing完成进行式to have been doingThe news will not fail to surprise him.I helped to repair th
2、e car.不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作几乎同时发生I am sorry not to have come to your party last night.He seems to have finished his homework.I am very happy to have helped you.不定式的完成式通常表示动作发生在谓语动词之前The boys were discovered to be hiding behind the door.Its nice to be lying on the beach.The boss doesnt like you to b
3、e always coming late for work.不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作正在进行，持续之中。Tom seemed to have been reading a novel.He is hound to have been working for 4 hours.不定式的完成进行式表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前；到谓语动作发生时可能停止，也可能继续下去。（3）时态逻辑主动是动作的发出者，用主动；反之，用被动。She asked the door to be closed.I have some clothes to be washed today.我今天有些衣服要洗。（让别人帮
4、忙洗）I have some clothes to wash(自己洗）试比较（4）注意：不定式的主动表被动There is still a lot of work to do(to be done)The stone is too heavy to move(be moved)The stone is too heavy for me to move.The pencil is easy to write with.The coffee is bitter to taste.（5）不定式的句法功能不定式作主语时，表示一个具体的，特定的行为。谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。动词不定式作主语可位于句首
5、；当作主语的不定式是较长的短语时，我们通常使用it作形式主语，动词不定式置于句末。To live means to create.To do that sort of thing is stupid.To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.注意：it 作形式主语句型a)It is+adj.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.b)Its+adj.+of+sb.+不定式c)It+b
6、e+名词+不定式d)It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.例句It is interesting to play this game.It is necessary for you to change your job.How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.How silly it was of you to give up a good chance!To see
7、is to believe主语和表语同为不定式时，通常主语表示条件，表语表示结果。作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/job/aim/goal is+不定式The next step/important thing/problem/measure is+不定式等。My wish is to be a teacher.My goal is to pass the college entrance examination.Your job is to type the papers in the office.The next measure is to stop the river from
8、being polluted.agree,choose,decide,hope,fail,wish,refuse,expect,manage,plan,intend,pretend,promise,offer,afford,demand,arrange等。常见的使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常接“疑问唏+不定式”作宾语的动词有 decide,know,learn,remember,see,settle,think.They decided to build a highway between these two cities.She offered to help me when I was i
9、n trouble.He promised not to tell anyone about it.注意a)当作宾语的不定式是较长的短语，常常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的不定式放到句末去。b)常用动词有believe,think,consider,find,feel,make等c)构成句型“动词+it+adj./n+to do sth.”,其中使用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例句I thiink it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.I find it difficult to underst
10、and him.The doctor advised her not to eat too much sugar.I wish you to go to the meeting with me.I persuaded him to gave up smoking.She asked me to stay here.注意有一类表见解，看法的动词，后常接to be型不定式作宾语，to be可以省略。He declared himself(to be)a college student.The police proved him(to be)a thief.特别注意hope,demand,sugge
11、st等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾语【误】I hope my son to be back soon.【正】I hope my son will be back soon.特别注意【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.【正】She suggests that we(should)have a discussion about it.在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾语的动词不定式应省略to”五看”（see,watch,notice,observe,
12、look at)”三使“（make,let,have)”两听”(hear,listen to)”一感觉“(feel)动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。被修饰的名词和用作定语的不定式之间可能是逻辑主语，也可以是逻辑宾语的关系。例句Have you got anything to eat(to eat修饰anything,位于其后。）Do you have anything to say/ceclare?作目的状语：不定式的动作稍晚于谓语动词的动作。I must leave now to get there on time.I am saying this to encourage youI store the food in the fridge to keep it fresh.We went there to see our grandparents.in order to 既可以放在句首表目的，亦可以放在句中so as to 只能放在句中例句In order to catch the early bus,I get up early every day.=I get up early every day so as to catch the early bus.
