1、 初中英语 句子结构和成分5种基本句子结构1.主语（S）+动词（V）2.及物动词和不及物动词的区别英语语法=单词在句子中的排列规则5种语序or5种结构1.主语+谓语（S+V）Your plan failed.你的计划失败了。The man laughed.这个男人笑了。2.主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）I like English.我喜欢英语。I believe you.我信你。3.主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）I am Carrie.我叫Carrie。You look smart.你看起来很聪明。系动词可分为：1.连系动词2.be动词连系动词1.好像.seem=seem to beappe
2、ar=appear to be2.变得.become,turn,get,grow,go,come3.保持.keep，stay4.感官动词look，smell，taste，sound，feel翻译小练：1.你好像不开心。2.渐渐地，我们变成了朋友。3.保持安静。1.你好像不开心。You seem unhappy.You seem to be unhappy.2.渐渐地，我们变成了朋友。We became friends gradually.3.保持安静。Keep quiet4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+o+O）他的父母给了他很多钱。His parents gave him a lo
3、t of money.4.主语+谓语+双宾（S+V+o+O）人与人之间进行物质或信息的传递。即：sb give sb sth=sb give sth to/for sbgive还可为 pass,teach,tell,buy,make,order.注意：1.其中 buy,make,order在用表达时要用介词for.2.当直接宾语为代词时，只能用句式5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）跑步使我们健康。Running makes us healthy.a.b.c.d.e.1.Pleas tell us a story._2.She smiled._3.I have a lot wor
4、k to do._4.His job is to train swimmers._5.He noticed a man enter the room._6.Please look at the picture._daebeb句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语一、主语主语一般是由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。1.名词作主语：Lucy is a beautiful nurse.2.代词做主语：He reads newspaper every day.3.不定式作主语：To
5、 see is to believe.4.动名词作主语：Smoking is harmful to the health.二、谓语谓语（谓语部分主要的词）必须是动词。1.系动词和表语一起做谓语:His parents are teachers.2.行为动词作谓语:We study hard.3.助动词和行为动词一起作谓语：We dont finish reading the book.4.情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语：He can speak English.三、宾语宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。1.名词作宾语:She is doing her homework.2.代
6、词作宾语:I like it.3.不定式作宾语:He likes to play basketball.4.动名词作宾语:We enjoy listening to music.四、定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句形容词作定语：He is a clever boy.名词作定语：His father works in a steel work.数词作定语：There are 54students in our class.名词所有格作定语：Do you known bettys sister?定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The
7、 girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.五、状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。时间状语：I will be back in a while.地点状语：They are playing on the playground.原因状语：He was late because he got up late.目的状语：I waited to see you.方式状语：He often went to school by bus.六、表语表述主语的特征、身份、状态等，置于系动词后。
8、名词作表语：My father is a boss.代词作表语：This book is mine.形容词作表语：Time is precious.七、宾语补足语说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?We made him our monitor.划分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.划分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.主谓定间宾直宾原因状语主谓宾THANK YOU!
