1、2021中考一轮复习英语课主讲人：颜老师第九课时并列句和复合句 目 录 CONTENTS随堂练习语法专项讲解与练习中考考点分析01020301上节课内容复习get used to allowenjoyadvisedecidepreparemanagehopesuggestaffordencouragerefusecant helpgive uppromisedemandoffercant wait2下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别有区别，forget to do forget doing 忘记忘记要做某要做某事事 忘记做了某事忘记做了某事rem
2、ember to do remember doing 记住记住要做某要做某事事 记着做了某事记着做了某事mean to do mean doing 打算打算/想想要做某要做某事事 意味着做了某事意味着做了某事regret to do regret doing 对对要做的事表示要做的事表示后悔后悔 对做过去的事后悔对做过去的事后悔cant help to do cant help doing 不能不能帮助做某帮助做某事事 情不自禁情不自禁做某事做某事非谓语的几种重要句型 1.对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。2.你真聪明，解出了这道数学题你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。3
3、.这个男孩把宝宝弄哭了。这个男孩把宝宝弄哭了。4.这个宝宝被这个男孩弄哭了。这个宝宝被这个男孩弄哭了。5.你你最好早点起床，要不然会上学迟到的。最好早点起床，要不然会上学迟到的。try to do try doing 努力努力/尽力尽力去做某去做某事事 试试着做某事着做某事learn to do learn doing 学学着去做某着去做某事事 学会学会做某事做某事stop to do stop doing 停下来去做停下来去做（另一件事另一件事）停止停止做某事做某事go on to do go on doing 接着做接着做（另外一件事另外一件事）继续继续做某事做某事used to do b
4、e（get）used to doing 过去过去做某做某事事 习惯习惯做某事做某事prefer的用法 prefer sth.更喜欢某事 他住在北方，所以他更喜欢米饭。prefer sth.to sth.与后者相比更喜欢前者 与牛奶相比我更喜欢奶茶。prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事或宁愿 I prefer sleeping at home.prefer doing sth.to doing sth.与后者相比更喜欢做前者 与运动相比，我更喜欢睡觉。prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做前者也不做后者的事 我宁愿睡觉也不愿运动。句子成分句子成分
5、意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或式，动名词，短语或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象(做什么）做什么）同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质
6、或特征语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句副词，介词短语或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hol
7、lywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语等短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！1.In the morning,I gave my best friend a gift to celebrate her birthday.2.Living in China makes me proud and happy.3.My lovely pet dog is pl
8、aying with a ball in the park.4.The boy called Tom is my brother.5.She works hard in order to catch up with others.02中考考点分析与语法专项并列复合句并列复合句连词沈阳 6年4考并列复合句的连词词组and:1)和，并且，表并列、递进或顺承关系；2）用于祈使句，and+陈述句（表结果）的结构but:但是，表转折关系；so:所以，表因果关系or:1)或者，表选择关系；2）否则，用于祈使句，or+陈述句(表转折)结构neithernor既不也不；either or或者或者；not on
9、ly but also 不仅而且。这三个词组连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”。Bothand 两者都，连接两个并列结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。As well as,together with,along with,except,besides,but,including,in addition to,like等，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就远原则”。考向一：表示并列关系的并列连词考向一：表示并列关系的并列连词表示并列关系的常见连词有：and(和；又；而且),as well as(也；和),both.and.(既又),not only.but also.(不仅而且)
10、,neither.nor.(既不也不)。连词用法例句but2019,2015意为但是，表示意义递进的转折或前后两个事实相反。His mother wont be there,but his father might.while意为但是，然而，强调对比性的转折。I like English while he likes math.yet意为可是；然而，表示转折时，前面可与and连用，且这两个部分的主语是一致的。I failed again,and yet I never give up.考向二：表示转折关系的并列连词考向二：表示转折关系的并列连词1.although或though在引导让步状语从
11、句时，主句不可使用转折连词but，但是可以使用yet或still。Although she is in poor health，(yet)she works hard.虽然她的身体不好，但是她工作非常努力。2.however 意为然而，不过，可放在句首、句中或句末，不能像but那样直接连接两个句子，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。()We all tried our best,however we lost the game.()We all tried our best.However,we lost the game.()We all tried our best,but we lost th
12、e game.考向三：表示选择关系的并列连词考向三：表示选择关系的并列连词连词意义例句or或者；否则Hurry up,or you will be late.or else否则；要不然Be careful or else you will make a mistake.rather than而不是I will do it myself rather than ask him to do it.notbut不是而是John is not her father but her uncle.eitheror或者或者Either Alice or her father cooks meals at h
13、ome.whetheror不管是还是They havent decided whether they will go to London or Berlin。考向四：表示因果关系的并列连词考向四：表示因果关系的并列连词连词意义例句for意为因为，用来补充说明或表示推测性的理由，不能置于两个并列分句的句首，只能放在两个分句的中间。It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.so2018,2017表 示 因 此；所 以 时，不 能 与because 连用。He worked hard,so he passed the exam.就近原则
14、也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。（就近原则就是在遇到一些特定的词组或句型后，动词的单数复数看离他最近的那个主语）这些词组有notonly.butalso.,either.or.,neither.nor.等。therebe句型，Neithernor，Eitheror，Notbut，WhetherorNotonlybutalso例：Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimorthe
15、yaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.=NotonlyAnnsparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but,except,besides,including,like,with,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,inadditionto,combinedwith,ratherthan,togetherwith等引出的短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保
16、持一致（即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称“就远原则”）。如：Everybodyexceptyouisdownonme.Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.Jim,togetherwithhisclassmates,hasseenthefilm.连词中考真题练习 1.(2015年 沈阳)Hello,Joyce,you are busy.Can I give you a hand?-Thanks very much,_ I can manage.A.and B.or C.so D.but 2.(20
17、19年 沈阳)The children searched there for more than two hour _ could not find it.A.and B.so C.or D.but DD3.(2018年 沈阳)The dog would only he blamed for not catching me at most,_ all it did was to do its best.A.and B.so C.or D.but C4.I only have two tickets for the concert._ you _ he can go with me.A.Eith
18、er;or B.Neither;nor C.Both;and D.Not only;but also C复合句宾语从句状语从句高频引导词高频语序that/if/whether 引导词时态：1）主将从现 2）主祈从现连接代词what/which/who/whose/whom等连接副词when/where/why/how等从句陈述句语序，即主语+谓语+宾语+其他时态需要性原则:主句一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应的时态呼应性原则:主句一般过去时，从句过去的某种时态特殊性原则:主句表示客观事实真理、自然现象，从句一般现在时定语从句高频关系代词：who/that/which/whom/whose关
19、系副词:where/when/why原因：because,as,since;时间：when,while,before,until等条件：if,unless,as long as;让步：though,although,even though/if;目的：so that,in order that;结果：so/suchthat 什么是宾语I like my teacher.（名词作宾语)I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）I know him.（代词作宾语）宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由
20、名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。我们我们 知道知道 姚明姚明We know Yao Ming 我们我们 知道知道 他他是是一个著名的篮球运动员一个著名的篮球运动员We know宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。一 什么 是宾语从句？试比较宾宾o o宾宾o o主主s s谓谓v vhe is a famous basketball player主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o othat连接词我们我们 知道知道 他他是是一个著名的篮球运动员一个著名的篮球运动员谓谓v v主主s s宾语从句三要点宾语从句三要点一、语序一、语序二、引导词二、引导词三、时态三、时态有哪
21、些句子可以做宾语？有哪些句子可以做宾语？1，陈述句，he is a famous basketball player2,一般疑问句，Will our teachers attend the meeting？3，特殊疑问句，which coat did you prefer?句子的两种语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述句结构叫陈述语序陈述语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问句结构叫疑问语序疑问语序 将下列句子改成陈述句语序将下列句子改成陈述句语序：1.Is there a bank near here?2.Did you go to Center Pa
22、rk?3.Where does he live?4.Why do you like pandas?There is a bank near here You went to Center Park Where he lives Where you like pandas1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said(that)he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know(that)she is seriously ill.I am sure(that)he will succeed.宾
23、语从句的类型练一练1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.I know 2.She says 3.Tell your friend（that）一般疑问句做宾语我问他是否想去游泳1,改为陈述句语气，2，用if/whether连接I ask Does he want to go swim?he wants to go swimIf/whetherI ask 2
24、.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if(whether)he lives there.He asked me whether(if)I could help him.但是如果句子后出现or not,只能用whether.I dont know whether he will come or not.练一练1.Is he reading?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV?5.Will they read books?6.
25、Can you sing?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks if/whether特殊疑问句做宾语我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？Which tie do you like best特殊疑问句变成 陈述语序连接词就是疑问词本身I wonderI wonder ATTENTIONwhich tie you like best?3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
26、Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.练一练1.What is this?2.What are you doing?3.Where do you live?4.When does he get up?5.How did you go to work?6.Who will you play with?用以下开头与下列句子
27、连成宾语句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.Can you tell me 4.The man asked 1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。e.g I hear(that)Tom has been to Guilin twice.I hear(that)she will come tomorrow.I hear(that)Jim went to work an hour ago.I hear(that)he is interested in English.宾语从句的时态的变化四.宾语从句中时态的
28、变化I hear(that)Jim (be)a worker two years ago.Jim (be)an English teacher now.Jim (cook)dinner tomorrow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (be)to the Great Wall twice.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back.Jim (learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singingha
29、s beenhad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。e.g He said(that)he would go to Xian.He said(that)he was ill yesterday.He said(that)he was reading a book.He said(that)he had had supper already.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句
30、时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon.The teacher told the students that no news is good news.The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He i
31、s reading a book.4)He has finished his work.1)He to Hong Kong.2)He sick.3)He a book.4)HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过
32、去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理 自然现象公式定理 名言警句 时态不变七.本课小结.Find out the mistakes
33、 and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live?2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn.4 Do you know who car it is?找错误找错误wasiswhoseII.改错：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school._Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.2.Father told m
34、e the sun always rose in the east._Father told me the sun always rises in the east.3.He doesnt know that when she can come back._He doesnt know when she can come back.01定语从句的用法Which one is Harry Porter?The handsome boy is Harry Porter Which one is Harry Porter?The boy _ is Harry Porter.who is wearin
35、g glasses定语从句定语从句The boy _is Harry Porter.with glasses后置后置定语定语目录语从定句一、概念一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作在句子中作定语定语)Harry Porter is a smart boy.Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关
36、系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词which,who,whom,whose,that，aswhere,when，why49二、分类二、分类:分类用法例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制、区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系。从句不能省略，否则主句的意思不完整、不明确。翻译时一般作前置定语来译，意为“的”。非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明或描绘的作用。先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开,如果省略不会影响主句的意思，主句也能独立存在。翻译时一般将主句和从句译成并列形式。Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to
37、the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty.I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,which my classmates recommend to me.50限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达。与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达。不用逗号分开。一般使用逗号分开。可用关系代词that不可用关系代词that关系代词可以省略，
38、that,who,which在从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词不可以省略。关系代词可以替代，whom作宾语时可用who或that替代。关系代词不能替代。读时不停顿。读时停顿，用降调。只可以修饰名词或代词，不可以修饰句子。既可以修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰句子，有逗号分开，只能由which或as引导。I know nothing that happened last night.He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.三三、用法用法:These are the trees which/that were planted last
39、 year.先先行行词词是是人人关系代词关系代词:who whom whose that aswhich先行词先行词是是物物These are the students who/that won the first place last year.引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词as在限定性定语从句中，即可指人也可指物；在非限定定语从句中，在限定性定语从句中，即可指人也可指物；在非限定定语从句中，as指代整个句指代整个句子。子。As is known to us all,China is in the east of Asia.Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的
40、成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()5.We have found such actors as are suitable for the film.()主语宾语定语宾语主语主语主语宾语宾语定语定语指人指人whothatwhom（优先）（优先）whothatwhose（of who
41、m）指物指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(of which)指人和物指人和物thatasthataswhose（一）引导定语从句的关系代词（一）引导定语从句的关系代词1.who,whom,whose,that 用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语 whom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman w
42、hom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语注意：在现代英语中，注意：在现代英语中，whom在定语从句中作宾语，可以用在定语从句中作宾语，可以用who代替，但是从句中代替，但是从句中如有介词提到关系代词前，如有介词提到关系代词前，whom直接在介词后作宾语，不可用直接在介词后作宾语，不可用who代替。代替。例：例：In our class there are 46 students,of whom half wear glasses.(
43、四川高考四川高考)that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语主语和和宾语宾语.The woman(whom/that)they wanted to visit is Dili Reba.可省略可省略 The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is Cai Xukun.That即可指人也可指物，指人时可与即可指人也可指物，指人时可与who,whom互换，指物时可以与互换，指物时可以与which互换。互换。That在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时，可以省略。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时，可以省略。That is the place(wh
44、ich/that)all of us are eager to visit.whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语 (whose既可以指人，也可以指物既可以指人，也可以指物).I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语I have a book whose cover is yellow.Whose可以由什么替代？可以由什么替代？of whom 或或of whichwho/that 作主语作主语.(不能省不能省)This is the
45、film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is the film star who is very popular in China.(作主语作主语)/thatwho/whom/that 作宾语：作宾语：(可省略可省略)The boy is my friend.I m looking for the boyThe boy(who/whom/that)I m looking for is my friend.先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系 =of which the door =the door of
46、 which They live in a house whose door is blue.eg:他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。=of whom the daughter=the daughter of whomeg:He is the lawyer whose daughter went abroad.2.which,that 的的用法用法which 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.I like the book(which/that)you bought yesterday.This is a truck which/that is made
47、in China.作主语作主语作宾语作宾语可省略可省略Which先行词指物或一句话，先行词指物或一句话，which在定从中作主语、宾语。在定从中作主语、宾语。在限定性定语从句中可以与在限定性定语从句中可以与that互换。互换。He was late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.作作主主语，指代前面整个句子语，指代前面整个句子3.只能用只能用that的情况的情况 序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰先行词时修饰先行词时 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.This is t
48、he first play that I have seen since I came here.everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等等不定代词不定代词作先行词时作先行词时 Everything that we saw in this film was true.先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等词修饰时。Ive read all the books that you lend me.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。This i
49、s the very book that belongs to him.主句已有who或which时Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.当先行词同时指人和物时Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.663.只能只能用用which的的情况情况1.The vocal concert of Deng Ziqi was put off,that as
50、tonished me.句子改错：句子改错：2.This is a house in that Wang Yibo once lived.3.Here is the English grammar book which,as Ive told you,will help you improve your English.4.Whats that that flashed through the sky just now?4.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThis is the boy with whom he talked.This is the ring
