1、Tense&voiceTense&voice 体（体（form）时（时（time）一般时一般时indefinite进行时进行时continuous完成时完成时perfect完成进行时完成进行时perfectcontinuous现在现在present一般现在时一般现在时studystudies现在进行时现在进行时amisstudyingare现在完成时现在完成时have studiedhas现在完成进行时现在完成进行时havebeenstudyinghas过去过去past一般过去时一般过去时studied过去进行时过去进行时was studying were过去完成时过去完成时 hadstudi
2、ed过去完成进行时过去完成进行时had been studying将来将来Future一般将来时一般将来时shall studywill将来进行时将来进行时shall be studyingwill将来完成时将来完成时shall have studiedwill将来完成进行时将来完成进行时shall have been studyingwill过去将来过去将来Future in the past过去将来时过去将来时should studywould过去将来进行时过去将来进行时should be studyingwould过去将来完成时过去将来完成时should have studiedwoul
3、d过去将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时should have been studyingwould时态的种类时态的种类英语动词有16种时态，现以study为例，列表如下：过去过去现在现在将来将来时态时态高考题高考题巩固巩固 题题1巩固巩固 题题2NoImage主动主动被动被动语态语态一般一般现在现在时时现在现在进行时进行时现在现在完成时完成时现在现在I I learnedlearned that the earth that the earth around the sun when I around the sun when I was in primary school.was in pr
4、imary school.If he accepts the job,he will get more money soon.If he accepts the job,he will get more money soon.考点二：考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：用的引导词有：时间：时间：when,until,after,before,as soon as,once,the when,until,after,before,as soon as,once,the moment/the minute;moment/the
5、minute;Eg:When Bill comes(不是不是will come),ask him to wait for me.条件：条件：if,unless,provided.if,unless,provided.一般一般现在现在时时goesgoes考点一：考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。用一般现在时。1 1）The train _at six tomorrow morning.The train _at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus start?It _in ten m
6、inutes.When does the bus start?It _in ten minutes.leavesleavesstartsstartsIf you If you will will accept my invitation,my family will be pleased.accept my invitation,my family will be pleased.注意：注意：由由if if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用引导的条件状语从句中可以用shallshall或或willwill表表“意愿意愿”，但不表示时态。，但不表示时态。2 2）倒装句（由）倒装句（由herehere，
7、therethere开头的句子，动词用一般开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作）现在时表示现在正在发生的动作）Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.考点三：考点三：下列动词：下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,come,go,arrive,leave,start,be
8、gin,returnreturn，open,closeopen,close的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。时间上已确定或安排好的事情。现在现在进行时进行时The house is _these days.The little boy is always making trouble.考点一：考点一：与频率副词，如与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。厌烦、埋怨等）。He is always thinki
9、ng of his work(赞许赞许)他老是把东西乱扔。他老是把东西乱扔。He is constantly leaving his things about.（不满）（不满）他老爱说大话。他老爱说大话。He is always boasting(厌烦厌烦)being built考点二：考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,仅限仅限于少量动词：于少量动词：go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,stay,go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,stay,do,have,see sb off do,h
10、ave,see sb off Are you stayingAre you staying here till next week?here till next week?工作进行的怎么样？工作进行的怎么样？工作进行的相当顺利。工作进行的相当顺利。你进步很快。你进步很快。我们想在这里建一座我们想在这里建一座水坝。水坝。风挺大风挺大有人找你接电话。有人找你接电话。How are you getting on with your How are you getting on with your work?work?The work is going fairly smoothly.The work
11、 is going fairly smoothly.YouYoure making rapid progress.re making rapid progress.WeWere thinking of building a dam re thinking of building a dam here.here.It Its blowing hard.s blowing hard.Someone is asking for you on the Someone is asking for you on the phone.phone.注意：注意：下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。下面四类动词不宜用现
12、在进行时。（A A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like,love,hate,care,like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,needremember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。（B B）表存在的状态的动词：）表存在的状态的动词：appear,exist,lie,remain,appear,exist,lie,remain,seemseem，belong tobelong to，depend ondepend on。（C C）表示
13、一时性动作的动词：）表示一时性动作的动词：allow,accept,permit,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,completepromise,admit,complete。（D D）表示感官的动词：）表示感官的动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,looksound,taste,look。考点一：考点一：for+for+时间段；时间段；since+since+时间点时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years.
14、They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.现在现在完成时完成时考点二：考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately;recently,just,lately;recently,just,already,yet,ever,never,up to now;till now;so far,these already,yet,ever,never,up to now;till now;s
15、o far,these days,once,twice,three timesdays,once,twice,three times Has it stopped raining yet?Has it stopped raining yet?考点三：考点三：在表示在表示“最近几世纪最近几世纪/年年/月以来月以来”时间状语时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in/over/during the past few years/months/weeks/daysin/over/during the past few years/months/weeks/days；for th
16、e last few centuries,through centuries;throughout for the last few centuries,through centuries;throughout history history 等等 考点四：考点四：用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型It is the first time that I have visited the city.It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been lat
17、e.It was the third time that the boy had been late.1 1）This/That/It is the first/second timeThis/That/It is the first/second time.that.that结构中结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。的从句部分，用现在完成时。这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.2 2）This/That/It is the
18、 best(worst,most interesting,This/That/It is the best(worst,most interesting,only)+only)+名词名词 thatthat”后面跟现在完成时。后面跟现在完成时。sincesince的四种用法的四种用法1)1)since+since+过去一个时间点过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、点、1980,last month,half past six)1980,last month,half past six)。I have been here since 1989.I have been
19、 here since 1989.2)since+2)since+一段时间一段时间+ago+agoI have been here since five months ago.I have been here since five months ago.3)since+3)since+从句从句Great changes have taken place since you left.Great changes have taken place since you left.4)It is+4)It is+一段时间一段时间+since+since从句从句It is two years since
20、 I became a postgraduate student.It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.have/has been 表示曾到过某地（现在回来了）表示曾到过某地（现在回来了）have/has gone表示已经到某地去了（现在不在说话处）表示已经到某地去了（现在不在说话处）他去过北京。他去过北京。他到北京去了。他到北京去了。He has been to Beijing.He has gone to Beijing.典型例题典型例题(1)-Do you know our town at all?(1)-Do you
21、 know our town at all?-No,this is the first time I _ here.-No,this is the first time I _ here.A.wasA.was B.have beenB.have been C.cameC.came D.am coming D.am coming (2)-Have you _ been to our town before?(2)-Have you _ been to our town before?-No,it-No,its the first time I _ here.s the first time I
22、_ here.A.even,comeA.even,come B.even,have comeB.even,have comeC.ever,comeC.ever,come D.ever,have comeD.ever,have comeB.B.D D注意：注意：非延续性动词的否定形式非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）（错）I have received his letter for a month.I have received his letter for a month.（对
23、）（对）I havent received his letter for almost a monthI havent received his letter for almost a month典型例题典型例题1.You don1.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several t need to describe her.I _ her several times.times.A.had metA.had metB.have metB.have met C.metC.metD.meetD.meet 答案答案B.B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我
24、知道她的首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，模样，你不用描述。再次，several timesseveral times告知为反复发告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.-I2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.m sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have beenA.have been B.had beenB.h
25、ad been C.wasC.wasD.will beD.will be 答案答案A.A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。在完成时。一般一般过去过去时时过去过去进行时进行时过去过去完成时完成时过去过去He told me he _an interesting novel He told me he _an interesting novel last nightlast night.如果从句中有一个如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词用过去式。先于主句发生，但从
26、句中的谓语动词用过去式。一般过去时一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。的考点分析（考核重点）。表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示或有上下文语境暗示）；用于）；用于表达过去的习惯；表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事 I met her in the street yesterday.I met her in the street yesterday.He used to smoke a lot.He used to smoke a lot.I
27、 thought the film would be interesting,but it I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnisnt t.readreadTom has written a letter to his parents last night.Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.Tom wrote a letter to his parents last nig
28、ht.句子中如句子中如有过去时的时间副词有过去时的时间副词（如（如 yesterday,last,week,yesterday,last,week,in 1960in 1960）时，）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，如如but,and,when,as soon as,immediately,the momentbut,and,when,as soon as,immediately,the moment The moment she came in,she told me w
29、hat had happened The moment she came in,she told me what had happened to her.to her.He bought a watch but lost it.He bought a watch but lost it.（错）（错）（对）（对）The radio _when you called me.-what were you doing this time yesterday?-what were you doing this time yesterday?-W e _in the lab.-W e _in the la
30、b.过去过去进行时进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.What were you doing at nine last night?was being repairedwere workingwere working过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态时态从来不孤立使用(by、by the end、by t
31、he time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。E.G:By the end of last year,we had produced 20,000 E.G:By the end of last year,we had produced 20,000 cars.cars.The train had left before we reached the station.The train had left before we reached the station.It was three years since we had been the
32、re.It was three years since we had been there.考点一：考点一：表示表示“一一就就”的几个句型：的几个句型：Hardly/Scarcely/No sooner had+Hardly/Scarcely/No sooner had+主语主语 +过去分词过去分词 +when/before/than+when/before/than+一般过去时一般过去时We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.=We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.=No
33、 sooner No sooner had wehad we been seated than the bus started.been seated than the bus started.（注意主谓倒装）（注意主谓倒装）考点二：考点二：表示表示“第几次做某事第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.It was 3 y
34、ears since we had partedIt was 3 years since we had parted。考点三：考点三：表示表示未未曾曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expectedwanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：表示即：hoped/planned hoped/planned +to hav
35、e done+to have done。I had hoped that I could do the job.I had hoped that I could do the job.I had intended to see you but I I had intended to see you but I was was too busy.too busy.典型例题：典型例题：The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book that she _ in the office.A.had written,leftB.were w
36、riting,has left C.had written,had left D.were writing,had left考点四：考点四：“时间名词时间名词 +before+before”在句子中作状语，用于间接引语中在句子中作状语，用于间接引语中谓语动词用过去完成时；谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词时间名词 +ago+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。式。He said his parents had died ten years before.He said his parents had died ten years before.Xiao H
37、ua left school 3 years ago.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.D一般一般将来将来时时将来将来进行时进行时将来将来完成时完成时将来将来一般将来时考点分析一般将来时考点分析 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.be going to与与will/shall,be to do,be about to do用法及区别：用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；种打算
38、往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。决定。(正确正确)(错误错误)If it is fine,well go fishing.If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.注意：注意：be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而主句中；而will则能则能：“祈使句祈使句+and/or+句子句子”，这种结构中，这种结构中and后面后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head
39、 and you will find a way.be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作表按计划、安排即将发生的动作/不可避免地将不可避免地将要发生的事，命中注定的事。要发生的事，命中注定的事。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock tomorrow.be about to do sth.表示表示“正打算正打算,就要就要”Autumn harvest is about to start.将来将来进行时进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。事情。明天这会我正在写作业。明
40、天这会我正在写作业。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow.将来完成时将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。表在将来某时刻之前已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一：考点一：常用的时间状语一般用常用的时间状语一般用by+by+将来的时间。将来的时间。By the end of next month,he will have traveled 1000 miles By the end of next month,he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.on foot.By the
41、time you reach the station,the trainBy the time you reach the station,the train.will have leftwill have left考点二：考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。在完成时表示。The children will do their homework the moment they The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from sch
42、ool.have arrived back from school.一般过去时和过去完成的用法区别1.一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的,过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言.两种时态建立的时间参照点不同,对过去完成时来说,这一个时间参照点十分重要,它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础,也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准.2.过去完成时的时间状语常用by和before引导的短语表示,如by that time,by the end of.,before 2000,by the time+句子等.过去完成时和现在完成时的区别1.两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用,但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作
43、(句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语),而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作(句中有表示过去特定时间的状语).2.比较下面的说法 She had been ill for a week before she came back.她在回来之前就生病一个星期了.(回来发生在过去某一时间,发病发生在过去的过去)She has been ill for a week.她生病一个星期了.(现在仍在生病)主动主动被动被动语态语态考点一：考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 come true,consist of,take place,happen,b
44、ecome,rise,occur,belong to,break out,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeedIt took place before liberation.It took place before liberation.考点二：考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与而且常与well,quite,easily,badlywell,quite,easily,badly等副词连用。等副词连用。lock(lock(锁锁 );wash();wash(洗洗 );sell();sell(卖卖 )
45、;read();read(读读 );wear);wear(穿穿 );write();write(写写 )；break(break(破碎破碎)Glass breaks easily.Glass breaks easily.玻璃容易破碎。玻璃容易破碎。The door wonThe door wont lock.t lock.门锁不上。门锁不上。The book sells well.The book sells well.这本书很畅销。这本书很畅销。当当feel,look,smell,taste,soundfeel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时；用主动等后面接形容
46、词时；用主动表示被动含义表示被动含义 want,require,needwant,require,need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。be worth doingbe worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。用主动形式表示被动含义。在在“be+be+形容词形容词 +to do+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnThis kind of water isnt fit to drink.t fit to drink.The girl isn
47、The girl isnt easy to_.t easy to_.get along withget along with另外：另外：be to blame(be to blame(受谴责受谴责)，be to rent/letbe to rent/let（出租）也用（出租）也用主动形式表被动。主动形式表被动。考点三：考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：一些常用经典被动句型：It is saidIt is said,It is reported,It is reported,It is widely believed,It is widely believed，It is It is expecte
48、dexpected,It is estimated,It is estimated,这些句子一般翻译为这些句子一般翻译为“据说据说”，“人们认为人们认为”，而而 “以前人们认为以前人们认为”则应该说：则应该说：It was believedIt was believed,It,It was thoughtwas thought4 4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seatedbe seated坐着坐着 He is seated on a bench.He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench
49、.He seats himself on a bench.）be hiddenbe hidden躲藏躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。他藏在门后。be lostbe lost迷路迷路 be drunkbe drunk喝醉喝醉 be dressedbe dressed穿着穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.Th
50、e girl was dressed in a red short skirt.高考时态题精练高考时态题精练 1.-1.-my glasses?my glasses?-Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.-Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do you see B.Had you seen A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 2.Helen 2.Helen
