1、必修一 NATURAL DISASTERSWords and ExpressionsWords and Expressionsdisaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?tornado t:ned n.(-oes/-os)龙卷风龙卷风;旋风旋风disaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?drought drat n.旱灾旱灾;久旱久旱这场旱灾已经使至少两千只动物死亡。The drought has kil
2、led at least two thousand animals.disaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?landslide lndslad n.(landfall)(山地或悬崖的山地或悬崖的)崩塌崩塌;滑坡滑坡这场持续十小时的大雨造成了许多滑坡。The ten-hour heavy rain caused lots of landslidesdisaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?tsunam
3、i tsu:n:mi 海啸海啸disaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?flood fld n.洪水洪水;大量大量 v.淹没淹没;大量涌入大量涌入;使灌满水使灌满水形近词：blood n.血disaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?volcanic eruption vlknk rpn 火山喷发火山喷发magnitude mntju:d n.(地地)震级震级;重大重大这次地震的震级是多少？What w
4、as the magnitude of the earthquake地震按震级大小的分类情况：地震按震级大小的分类情况：弱震弱震：震级小于：震级小于3 3 级的地震。级的地震。有感地震有感地震：震级等于或大于：震级等于或大于3 3级、小于或等于级、小于或等于5 5级的地震。级的地震。中强震中强震：震级大于：震级大于5 5级级,小于小于6 6级的地震。级的地震。强震强震：震级等于或大于：震级等于或大于6 6 级的地震。级的地震。唐山地震：唐山地震：8.28.2级级(24(24万多死亡万多死亡)(1976.7.28)(1976.7.28)汶川地震：汶川地震：8 8级级(8(8万万7 7千多死亡千多
5、死亡)(1908.5.12)(1908.5.12)智利地震：智利地震：9.59.5级级(6(6千多死亡千多死亡)(1960.5.22)(1960.5.22)智利地震是世界有记录的最大地震。智利地震是世界有记录的最大地震。rescue reskju:n./v.营救营救;救援救援 come to sbs rescue=rescue sb 救援某人救援某人 rescue from 把把从从中救出来中救出来那个士兵把这个婴儿从洪水中救出来。The soldier rescued the baby from the flood.damage dmd v.损害损害;破坏破坏 n.损坏损坏;损失损失 do/
6、cause damage to 对对造成损害造成损害 Damage ones health 损害某人的健康损害某人的健康这次旱灾已经对庄稼造成了巨大的损害。The drought has done great damage to the crops.他的车在事故中被损害得很严重。His car was badly damaged in the accident.众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。As we all know,smoking will damage our health.destroy dstr v.摧毁摧毁;毁灭毁灭(destroyed/destroying)这栋建筑被大火彻底摧
7、毁了。The building was destroyed by fire.他们已经销毁了所有证据。They have destroyed all the evidence.ruin ru:n n./v.破坏破坏;毁坏毁坏 Be/lie in ruins 严重受损严重受损;破败不堪破败不堪辨析：damage:指部分性的,不严重的破坏。destroy:严重的破坏,往往不可修复。ruin:比destroy造成的破坏更严重。也可指破坏名声,期望等等。evacuate vkjuet v.疏散疏散;撤出撤出;撤离撤离数千人在洪水之前被撤离。Thousands of people were evacuat
8、ed before the flood.helicopter helkpt(r)n.直升机直升机 by helicopterdeath de n.死死;死亡死亡die:v.死亡 dead:adj.死的deadly:致命的pass away:去世这次火灾没有造成伤亡。The wildfire caused no deaths and no injuries.这次洪涝造成了8人死亡。The flood caused eight deaths.The dead 死者；逝者死者；逝者 (the+adj.：表示一类人：表示一类人)affect fekt v.影响影响;(疾病疾病)侵袭侵袭;感染感染;深深
9、打动深深打动 be affected by 被被打动；受打动；受影响影响effect n.作用，影响作用，影响 have an/no effect on/upon.对对.有有/无影响无影响观众被这个感人的故事深深地打动了。The audience were deeply affected by the moving story.shelter elt n.避难处避难处;居所居所;庇护庇护 v.保护保护;掩蔽掩蔽;躲避躲避(风风/雨雨/危险危险)shelter/protect.from.保护保护.免受免受.Shelter from 躲避躲避树木可以保护田地不受冷风侵袭。Trees can she
10、lter fields from cold wind.我们坐在阴凉处，躲避太阳。We sat in the shade，_(shelter)from the sun.shelteringcrack krk:n.裂纹裂纹;裂缝裂缝 v.(使使)破裂破裂as if/though 似乎似乎;好像好像;仿佛仿佛看起来好像要下雨了。It looks as if it is going to rain.percent psent:n.百分之百分之70%的孩子喜欢玩电脑游戏。70 percent of children like playing computer games.(名词为复数，谓语动词用复数)(
11、70%children like playing computer games.)brick brk:n.砖砖;砖块砖块metal metl:n.金属金属形近词：medal 奖章model 模特modern 现代的;现代化的shock k v.(使使)震惊震惊 n.震惊震惊;令人震惊的事令人震惊的事;休克休克 他的突然死亡对他的家人来说是极大的震惊。His sudden death was a great shock to his family.这个消息将震惊整个世界。The news will shock the whole world.他对这个消息感到震惊。/这个消息令人震惊。He was
12、 shocked at the news./The news is shocking.a great shock to sb 对某人来说是极大的震惊对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock 震惊震惊 Be shocked at/by 对对感到震惊感到震惊 Be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊做某事很吃惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的trap trp n.险境险境;陷阱陷阱 v.使落入险境使落入险境;使陷入圈套使陷入圈套 昨晚她被困在着火的房子里。She was trapped in the burning house last nigh
13、t.be/become trapped in 陷入陷入;被困在被困在中中 fall into a trap 落入圈套落入圈套bury beri vt.埋葬埋葬;安葬安葬；使沉浸；使专心；使沉浸；使专心 bury oneself in sth be buried in sth 埋头埋头/专心于专心于He buried his face in his hands and wept.他掩面而泣。他全身心扑在工作上。He buries himself in his work.breathe bri:v.呼吸呼吸breath bre n.呼吸 take a(deep)breath 呼吸呼吸 hold o
14、nes breath 屏住呼吸屏住呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气上气不接下气revive rvav:v.复活复活;(使使)苏醒苏醒revival rvavl n.振兴;复苏 形近词：revise v.修改;修订;复习经济正开始复苏。The economy is beginning to revive.effort eft:n.努力努力;艰难的尝试艰难的尝试;尽力尽力 make efforts/an effort to do.努力做努力做 make no effort to do.没努力做没努力做 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事不遗余力做某事=
15、make every effort to do sthwith effort 吃力地吃力地我会不遗余力地完成这个任务。I will spare no effort to finish the task.unify ju:nfa v.统一统一;(使使)成一体成一体新领袖希望把国家统一起来。The new leader hopes to unify the country.wisdom wzdm n.智慧智慧;才智才智wise adj.明智的;英明的 words of wisdom 至理名言至理名言context kntekst n.上下文上下文;语境语境;背景背景你能从上下文猜出这个词的意思吗？
16、Can you guess the meaning of the word from the context?suffer sf(r)vt.遭受遭受;蒙受蒙受 vi.(因疾病因疾病/痛苦痛苦/悲伤等悲伤等)受苦受苦 suffer from.因因而痛苦而痛苦;患有患有(疾病等疾病等)suffer pains/losses/damage/defeat/hunger/cold/trouble 经历经历/遭受遭受她可能患有心脏病。She is likely to suffer from heart disease.他在选举中遭受了失败。He suffered a defeat in the elect
17、ion.suffering n.折磨；苦难sufferer n.受难者volcano vlken:n.火山火山 【pl.pl.volcanoes/volcanos】erupt rpt v.(火山火山)爆发爆发;(岩浆岩浆/烟等烟等)喷出喷出eruption n.爆发supply spla n.供应供应(量量);补给补给;pl.补给品补给品 v.供应供应;供给供给 in short supply 短缺短缺 a good supply of 的充足供应的充足供应 supply sb with sth=supply sth.to sb 向某人提供某物向某人提供某物=provide sb with s
18、th=provide sth for sb=offer sb sth=offer sth to sb我们将给穷人提供足够的水和食物。We will supply enough water and food to poor people.typhoon tafu:n 台风台风这次台风袭击了亚洲的很多国家。The typhoon struck/hit many countries in Asia.hurricane hrkn:n.飓风飓风;风暴风暴 台风和飓风都是热带气旋台风：发生在北太平洋西部飓风：大西洋和北太平洋东部地区survive svav vt.幸存幸存;艰难度过艰难度过 vi.生存生存
19、;存活存活survival svav()l n.生存;幸存survivor svav:n.幸存者 survive on 靠靠生存下来生存下来 survive from 从从存活下来存活下来他被困在了一个孤岛上，所以他必须靠草根生存。He was trapped in a lonely island,so he had to survive on grass roots.power pa(r)n.电力供应电力供应;力量力量;控制力控制力 have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力具有做某事的能力 beyond ones power 力所不能及力所不能及powerful a
20、dj.强有力的他能够改变自己的人生。He has the power to change his own life.tap tp:v.轻叩轻叩;轻敲轻敲;轻拍轻拍 n.水龙头水龙头;轻叩轻叩;轻敲轻敲 tap on/at.轻敲轻敲.knock on/at.敲敲.她关闭了所有水龙头。She turned off all the taps.他轻轻地敲了敲办公室的门，走了进去。He tapped on/at the office door and went in.pipe pap n.管子管子;管道管道 whistle wsl v.吹口哨吹口哨;发出笛声发出笛声 n.哨子哨子(声声);呼啸声呼啸声e
21、mergency im:dnsi n.突发事件突发事件;紧急情况紧急情况当你被火困住时，你可以拨打紧急电话。You can call an emergency number when you are trapped in a fire.emergency exit 紧急出口紧急出口calm k:m adj.镇静的镇静的;沉着的沉着的 v.使平静使平静;使镇静使镇静 keep/stay calm 保持冷静保持冷静 calm down 平静下来平静下来不论发生什么，都要保持冷静Stay calm no matter what happens.aid ed:n.援助援助;帮助帮助;救援物资救援物资
22、v.(formal)帮助帮助;援助援助 with the aid of 在在的帮助下的帮助下 in aid of 为了帮助为了帮助 aid sb in sth 帮助某人某事帮助某人某事 aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事他经常帮助妈妈打扫房间He often aids his mother to clean the room.kit kt n.成套工具成套工具;成套设备成套设备 first aid kit 急救箱急救箱crash kr v.碰撞碰撞;撞击撞击;坠毁坠毁 n.撞车撞车;碰撞碰撞;坠毁坠毁 crash into.碰撞碰撞.sweep swi:p v.打扫
23、打扫;清扫清扫(swept-swept)我们每天下午都扫地。We sweep the floor every afternoon.sweep away:消灭消灭;彻底消除彻底消除wave wev n.海浪海浪;波浪波浪 v.挥手挥手;招手招手 give sb a wave 向某人招手向某人招手=wave to/at sb wave goodbye to sb 向某人挥手告别向某人挥手告别strikestrak v.侵袭侵袭;突击突击;击打击打 n.罢工罢工;罢课罢课;袭击袭击(struck,struck/stricken)Be struck by 被被打动打动 sth strike sb=it
24、 strikes sb that 某人突然想起某人突然想起我正在读报纸的时候，突然想到一个好主意。A good idea struck me when I was reading newspaper.deliver dlv(r)v.递送递送;传达传达;发表发表总统将发表关于新冠疫情的演讲。The president will deliver a speech about Covid-19.Deliver sth to sb 将将递送给递送给 Deliver a speech/lecture 发表演说发表演说summary smri n.总结总结;概括概括;概要概要 In summary 总之总之length le n.长长;长度长度long adj.长的lengthen:v.变长strong -strength -strengthenTHANKTHANK YOU YOU！Words and ExpressionsWords and Expressions
