1、Teaching objectives（学习目标）理解且掌握非限制性定语从句的概念限制性定语从句和非限制性定语的区别which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别复习p定语的概念 定语从句的概念p如何找到先行词p关系词有哪些？有什么作用？p选出关系词的做题步骤p介词+关系代词1.定义定义：在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。：在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。2.先行词先行词：被修饰的名词、代词或整句话。被修饰的名词、代词或整句话。3.引导定语从句的词有引导定语从句的词有：关系代词：关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that，as.关系副词：关系副词：when,wher
2、e,why.4.关系词的作用：关系词的作用：一、连接作用：连接主从句；二、指代作一、连接作用：连接主从句；二、指代作用：指代先行词；三、成分作用：在从句中充当一定的成分。用：指代先行词；三、成分作用：在从句中充当一定的成分。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句人人物物主语主语who，thatwhich，that宾语宾语who，whom，that，省略，省略which，that，省略，省略介词宾语介词宾语whomwhich定语定语whose状语状语when介词介词whichwhere介词介词whichwhyforwhich5.关系词的做题步骤u判断主从句u找出先行词u代入从句；看在从句中所充当成分(确定
3、使用关代还是关副)u结合先行词是人还是物，替入关系词6.介词+关系代词介词介词+关系代词关系代词“介词关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。This is the student for whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。They live in a house,of which the windows
4、are made of glass.他们住在一所窗户是玻璃做的房子里。如果指如果指“人人”，用，用“介词介词whom”如果指如果指“物物”，用，用“介词介词which”1.介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)，在关系分句中作目的、方式或地点状语这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。Eg:Could you tell me for whom youve bought this coat?你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗?2.介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)，用于被动结构的关系分句中，作状语，说明动作的发出者。Eg:The wolf by which the sheep w
5、as killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是一个好猎手。介词的确定介词的确定6.1根据根据先行词的搭配先行词的搭配关系，关系，先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词方式等的词：1)I still remember the day _ _ I met you.2)I will never forget the farm _ _ I worked with you.3)The money _ _ you were to bu
6、y food is gone.onwhichonwhichwithwhich(ontheday在那天在那天)(onthefarm在农场在农场)(withthemoney用钱用钱)6 6、“介词介词 +关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句介词的确定介词的确定 6.2 根据根据谓语谓语动词或动词或形容词形容词的搭配习惯的搭配习惯1)Do you like the book _ _ she spent$10?2)Do you like the book _ _ she paid$10?3)The West Lake,_ _ Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful
7、 place.onwhichforwhichforwhich6 6、“介词介词 +关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句介词的确定介词的确定6.3根据根据句子的意思句子的意思来确定来确定1)Air,_ which man cant live,is really important.空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。2)This is the man _ whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。withoutwith6 6、“介词介词 +关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句介词的确定介词的确定6
8、.4表示表示“所有所有”或或“整体的一部分整体的一部分”时通常用介词时通常用介词“of”1)He has two sons,both_ graduated from Peking University.他有两个儿子，他们都毕业于北京大学。2)Tom wrote many childrens books,nearly half _ were about campus culture.汤姆写了很多儿童书籍，其中将近一半是关于校园文化的。ofwhomofwhich6 6、“介词介词 +关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句一、非限制性定语从句的概念对比对比2.ProfessorWanghas
9、ason,whoworksinBeijing.1.ProfessorWanghasasonwhoworksinBeijing.王教授有一个儿子，在北京工作。王教授有一个儿子，在北京工作。王教授有个在北京工作的儿子。王教授有个在北京工作的儿子。The town where I live is beautiful.Zhangpu,where I live,is beautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略所以不能省略3.Theteacherswhoarekindarepopula
10、rwiththestudents.4.Mr.Wang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.态度和蔼的老师们受学生的欢迎。态度和蔼的老师们受学生的欢迎。王老师深受学生的欢迎，他态度和蔼。王老师深受学生的欢迎，他态度和蔼。非限制性定语从句的特点非限制性定语从句的特点常有常有who,whom,which,whose,as,when,where等关系词引导。等关系词引导。从句只是对先行词做些从句只是对先行词做些附加说明附加说明，即使去，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。它与主句之间掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。它与主句之间通常用通常用逗号逗号隔开。隔开。翻译翻译时常常不做定语，
11、时常常不做定语，而是译成与主句而是译成与主句并列并列的句子的句子运用非限制性定语从句的情况运用非限制性定语从句的情况当关系词指代当关系词指代整个主句整个主句内容时内容时Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.Thebookisverytouching,asmostreaderssay.观察观察Therehasntbeenanynewsabouthimsincehelefthome,whichupsetsme.在这里，在这里，which引导的从句，代表前面的整引导的从句，代表前面的整个主句。此时，个主句。此时，不能
12、放在主句之前。不能放在主句之前。从句的从句的谓语动词用谓语动词用第三人称单数第三人称单数TaiwanbelongstoChina，aseverybodyknows.Asisknowntous,TaiwanbelongstoChina.众所周知，台湾属于中国。众所周知，台湾属于中国。在这里，在这里，as引导的定语从句，代表整个主句，引导的定语从句，代表整个主句，他可以放在主句他可以放在主句之前或之后或中间之前或之后或中间，as在从在从句中作句中作宾语或主语宾语或主语。as与与which引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句共同点：共同点：其先行词都指代其先行词都指代一句话一句话。不同点：不
13、同点：as引导的定语从句可放在引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末句首、句中或句末，而，而which引引导的定语从句导的定语从句不能放在句首不能放在句首；as引导的定语从句有引导的定语从句有“正如，正正如，正像像”的意思，而的意思，而which指指“这这/那一点、这那一点、这/那件事那件事”。Thesungivesofflightandheat，whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太阳释放光和热，这使得植物生长成为可能。太阳释放光和热，这使得植物生长成为可能。Asweallknow/Asisknowntousall，lighttravelsfastertha
14、nsound.Lighttravelsfasterthansound，asisknowntousall.众所周知，光速比声速快。众所周知，光速比声速快。注意：注意：as常用于：常用于：asanybodycansee，asweallknow，asweexpect/asisexpected，asisreported，ashasbeenannounced，asisoftenthecase。Jinan,whichisanicecity,attractsmanyvisitorseveryday.JohnSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.当先行词指的是
15、世界上当先行词指的是世界上独一无二独一无二的事物或的事物或专专有名词有名词时。时。当先行词指的是某人当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属只有一个亲属（son,daughter等）等）Ihaveanelderbrother,whoworkedinBeijing.我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。（只有一个哥哥）我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。（只有一个哥哥）Herdaughter,whoisnowstudyinginNewYork,graduatedfromourschool.她的女儿，是在我们学校毕业的，现在正在纽约她的女儿，是在我们学校毕业的，现在正在纽约学习。（只有一个女儿）学习。（只有一个女儿）即时练习
16、即时练习1.The run rises in the east and sets in the west,_ is known to everybody.2.Beethoven,_health was poor,became a very famous musician in the end.which/aswhose小结小结限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句意义上意义上从句与主句关系紧凑，从句与主句关系紧凑，从句对先行词起修饰从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，缺少从句限定作用，缺少从句会影响句意的完整。会影响句意的完整。功能上功能上结构上结构上从句与主句的关系相从句与主句
17、的关系相对松散，从句用于补对松散，从句用于补充主句的内容和信息，充主句的内容和信息，去掉从句不影响句意去掉从句不影响句意的完整。的完整。修饰修饰n.或或pron或整个句子或整个句子1.1.主句，从句之间多主句，从句之间多用逗号隔开用逗号隔开2.2.关系词很少可以关系词很少可以省略省略3.3.不能用不能用thatthat和和whywhy引导引导修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词1.1.没有停顿，主句与没有停顿，主句与从句之间不用逗号从句之间不用逗号 2.2.关系词若作从句关系词若作从句的宾语，可省略的宾语，可省略.3.3.可用可用that that 引导引导1.Attention!Our bus is
18、 approaching Cambridge，_well be stopping to eat.2.People who seldom do sports or _diet is high in fat will put off weight quickly.3.Part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods，_ effects the people are still suffering from.A.that B.whose C.those D.what4.The British are not so familiar with different
19、cultures and other ways of doing things，_ is often the case in other countries.whereaswhoseB1.There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.2.The old lady,all of _ children had been killed in the earthquake,was given help by the local government.3.About 1.62 million Chinese stu
20、dents went abroad to study between 1978 and 2009,_ only 497,400 have come back.4.Soon children in the camp had many new friends,_ they shared food,stories and projects.5.Peter put himself in a situation _ he had to leave the company.all of whichamong whomwhosewith whomwhere注意注意 当先行词为case情况,condition
21、情况,situation形势、情况,position位置,point阶段,stage阶段,degree等级、程度,occasion合,atmosphere氛围等抽象地点名词时,且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词where,意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。(1)They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步.(2)The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.国家正
22、处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。定语从句改错定语从句改错1.Jim passed the driving test,it surprised everybody in the office.2.Which is known to all,he is the best student.3.It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.4.Our teacher is very strict with us,that does much good to us.5.He will come to see me next
23、July,which he wont be so busy.1.it改为which 2.which改为 as 3.that 改为as4.that 改为which 5.which改为when1.Doyouremembertheplace?Weallusedtomeetthere._2.Sheisanartist.Iamquitefamiliarwithherworks._3.Thereareanumberofprotests.Weareconsideringthem._用定语从句把下面的句子合并起来用定语从句把下面的句子合并起来Doyouremembertheplacewherewealluse
24、dtomeet?SheisanartistwhoseworksIamquitefamiliarwith.Thereareanumberofprotests(that/which)weareconsidering.Exercises1.Doyoustillrememberthefirstday_youwenttohighschool?2.IpaidavisittoFudanUniversity_myfatherstudiedthirtyyearsago.3.Doyouknowtherealreason_Annedidntgototheget-together?4.TomorrowIwillbri
25、ngherethemagazinefor_youasked.whenwherewhywhich5.Therewasatime_mydaughterwascrazyaboutpopmusic.6.Therestaurant_Ihaveeatenawonderfulmealisgoingtoclosedown.7.Therearetwomainreasons_thissituationhasbeenallowedtocontinue.whenwherewhyThis is thecollege_I visited.This is thecollege_ I studied three years ago.Ill never forget theday_we spent together.Ill never forget theday_ I got married.This is notthereason_I want to listen to.This is thereason_he gave.This is thereason_ I love you.(that/which)where(that/which)when(that/which)which whySummary非限制性定语从句的概念限制性定语从句和非限制性定语的区别which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
