1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 专题二 主旨大意题 Passage 12017 甲卷 (全国 ),A 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 老年人安全驾车研究 314 6 分钟 The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB“ in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the
2、 key stress points are. Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝 ) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older
3、drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life. These include custom-made navigation(导航 ) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important
4、for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in
5、their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.“ Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technolog
6、y to address these problems.“ “For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We re look
7、ing at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that. “We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案 ) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.“ 12.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB? A. To explore new means of transport. B. To de
8、sign new types of cars. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 C. To find out older drivers problems. D. To teach people traffic rules. 13.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? A. It keeps them independent. B. It helps them save time. C. It builds up their strength. D. It cures their mental ill
9、nesses. 14.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? A. Improve their driving skills. B. Develop driver-assist technologies. C. Provide tips on repairing their cars. D. Organize regular physical checkups. 15.What is the best title for the text? A. A New Model Electric Car B. A Solution to Tr
10、affic Problems C. Driving Services for Elders D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road Passage 22017 北京 ,C 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 麻疹疫苗 346 6 分钟 Measles(麻疹 ), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the
11、MMR vaccine(疫苗 ). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. The numbers might sound small, but they are the
12、leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity“, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to
13、get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn t work. But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. That s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around
14、the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to tak
15、e that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加 ) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免 ), sometimes just by signing a paper saying
16、 they personally object to a vaccine. Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyo
17、ne enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. 63.The first two paragraphs suggest that . A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C. anti-vaccine move
18、ment has its medical reasons D. information about measles spreads quickly 64.Herd immunity works well when . A. exemptions are allowed B. several vaccines are used together C. the whole neighborhood is involved in D. new regulations are added to the state laws 65.What is the main reason for the come
19、back of measles? A. The overuse of vaccine. B. The lack of medical care. C. The features of measles itself. D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people. 66.What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the idea of exemption. B. To discuss methods to cure measles. C. To stress the importance of vacc
20、ination. D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. Passage 32016 四川 ,D 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 夜间牛奶 242 5 分钟 A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off if it is milked from
21、a cow at night. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 Researchers have discovered that “night milk“ contains more melatonin (褪黑激素 ),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study,by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both
22、 during the day and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep
23、and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for h
24、elping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax. Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on you
25、r body at night. 32.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk . A.started sleep more easily B.were more anxious C.were less active D.woke up later 33.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text? A.It s been tested on mice for ten times. B.It can make people more energetic. C.It exists in milk in great amount. D.It s used in sleeping drugs. 34.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat, Sugar and Health C.An
