1、Unit 1 Introduction Goals Knowing educational philosophy of children Knowing the characteristics of children Knowing different learning styles of children Knowing life in kindergartenEducational Philosophy of Children1.1 1.Do you know some teaching theories for children?2.What types of English teach
2、ing methods are popularly used in kindergarten?Teaching Methods 1.Functional Approach2.Total physical response3.Audio-Video Method4.The Audio-lingual Method5.The Natural Approach 6.The Direct Method7.Community Language Learning8.The Immersion Method9.The English-game Method10.The Role-play Method 1.
3、Functional ApproachIt believes teachers should create natural situation to guide children to practice conversation.It is a language theory based on the theory of Hymes and Halliday,linguists in the 1970s.Main FeaturesFully adopt natural environment to guide young children.Fully adopt visual aids to
4、create English situation.Create a relaxed and harmonious environment for children.2.Total Physical ResponseIt was put forward by professor James Asher,in the 1960s.This approach encourages the connection between language and behavior and teaches foreign language through body movement.It enables chil
5、dren to understand the meaning of English through physical responses,expressions and communications.Main FeaturesListening comprehension first.Childrens comprehensive ability should be improved through physical responses.Teachers mainly use imperative sentences.ExampleImperative sentencesPablo,open
6、the door.Jaffa,throw your flowers to Maria.Maria,scream.Stand up.Sit down.Turn around.3.Audio-Video Method It emphasizes listening and speaking are the basic language proficiency and language is a whole system.Language learning is a formation of habit.3.Audio-Video Method The class teaching mode is
7、that the teacher provides the model of language behavior and directs childrens language training.Children repeat the language training by rote.It is also called Situational Approach.Main FeaturesChildren understand the meaning of language through situation.The use of aids is stressed.Oral practice i
8、s prior to writing exercises.4.Audio-Lingual MethodIt is also called Structure Approach or Sentence Pattern Method with English 900 as its typical teaching material.It emphasizes imitation and memorization.It requires children to learn the language with repetition of pattern drills.Main features 5.T
9、he Natural Approach The Natural Approach emphasizes that communications should be conducted with the foreign language itself.It was put forward by Stephen D.Krashen and Tracy D.Terrel.They distinguished natural“acquisition”and“learning”,two different concepts in language study.5.The Natural Approach
10、 Childrens first language should be adopted without translation or grammatical rules in foreign language teaching,which indulges the children in the naturalist language environment.Children learn pure English with the influence of language immersion.Main FeaturesThe classroom teaching can be organiz
11、ed in English.Objects,body language and expressions etc.can be used to assist the teaching.Various teaching forms can be adopted.Example When teaching the chant“Apple”,the teacher can show a big red apple to children for them to observe its color and shape,touch its skin,draw its shape and even tast
12、e it.During this process,the children can get the experience of“round apple”,“red apple”,“sweet apple”naturally.6.Direct Method Main FeaturesThe teaching is conducted in the form of“No Chinese”.It is assisted with objects,pictures,gestures to make children get used to the communication in the foreig
13、n language.Example The teacher shows the flashcards of different colors.Then other things are presented and the above sentences are repeated.The children are required to listen first,follow the teacher to repeat,finally speak by themselves.7.Community Language LearningIt was put forward by Charles C
14、urran in 1955.It emphasizes children should help and support one another as a community.The relationship between the teacher and children can be regarded as the tutor and tutees.The teacher doesnt offer help actively but waits for the children to ask questions.This method is also called Consulting A
15、pproach.Main Features The relationship between the children just as a community.The children decide what to learn and then ask the teacher.Teaching style:the children sit in a circle with a tape-recorder.The teacher is waiting for consultant.The topic is about childrens conversation during that day.
16、8.Immersion MethodChildren are“immersed”in the second language environment.The teacher faces the children only with the second language.The second language is the target as well as the tool of learning.Main Features The teacher speaks English and children can use their first language.Then the childr
17、en can communicate in English gradually.The teacher should have the ability of bilingual communication and skillfully use the two languages.9.English Games MethodIt means the teacher adopts games to arouse childrens interests,enrich their vocabulary,and train them to speak English boldly in the game
18、.Main FeaturesThe games are chosen according to different goals and contents.The design of games shows age differences.The games should be interesting and varied.10.Role-play Method It refers to the arrangement of the different roles the children play in English songs,chants,games,stories,short play
19、s etc.to improve oral English.Main Features Children play roles based on the understanding of chants,songs,games,stories,etc.Children are encouraged to be imaginative and creative.Classroom ActivitiesPractice applying some of the teaching methods in English class.1.Functional Approach2.Total Physica
20、l Response3.Audio-Video Method(Situational Approach)4.English Games Method5.Role-play MethodClassroom Activities1.Functional Approach When teaching words such as warm,hot,cool,cold,the teacher can prepare a glass of warm water,a glass of hot water,a glass of cold water and a glass of iced water.Then
21、 she acts as a customer while children as waiters or waitresses.After she says the word,the children try to understand the word through constantly touching the different temperature glasses.Classroom Activities2.Total Physical ResponseGame:Simon saysWhen the teacher gives the command:“Simon says:ope
22、n the door.”Children should do the action.When he/she gives a command without the words:“Simon says”,they shouldnt do it.Otherwise they will be punished.Sleep!Open your mouth!Close your mouth!Close your eyes!Turn around!Classroom Activities3.Audio-Video Method The teacher shows a picture without any
23、 color T:Today,well draw a landscape.Please take out your crayons.T:I need a blue crayon.Can you give me a blue crayon?T:Yes,its a blue crayon.T:I need a green crayon.Can you give me a green crayon?The teacher teaches other colors as the above.Classroom Activities4.English Games MethodLower Class:Ac
24、ting as a locomotive,the teacher approaches a child and asks,“Whats your name?”The child says his/her English name.If the answer is right,the child gets on the train and the train approaches another child till all the children are on the train.Classroom Activities4.English Games MethodMedium Class:T
25、he children wear animal headgears and the teacher acts as a locomotive to approach a child and asks,“Whats your name?”The child answers the animals name of his/her headgear and imitates its sound.If the answer is right,the child gets on the train and the train approaches another child till all the c
26、hildren are on the train.Classroom Activities4.English Games MethodTop Class:Divide the children into two groups and choose two children as locomotives.Other children wear headgears with different colors.When the locomotive approaches a child and asks,“What color is it?”The child answers the color o
27、f the headgear.If the answer is right,the child gets on the train and the train approaches another child till all the children are on the train.Classroom Activities4.English Games MethodTwo children are in one group.When the teacher says“two hands”,“three legs”,the children need to respond with rele
28、vant movement according to the number and names of the body parts.Classroom Activities5.Role-play MethodGame:Whats the time,Mr.Wolf?The teacher acts as Mr.Wolf,followed by the children asking“What time is it,Mr.Wolf?”The wolf answers a random time.When Mr.Wolf answers Twelve Oclock,he will try to ca
29、tch the children.When the children are familiar with the game,Mr.Wolf can be acted by one of them.HomeworkHomework1.How would you conduct TPR method for children?Please practice in groups.2.Search for other games used in kindergarten,and perform them in class.The Characteristics of Children 1.21.Wha
30、t are the characteristics of children aged from three to five or six to seven?2.How can you motivate children in learning English?The Characteristics of Children Children curiosity is incomparable.Children imagination is rich.Childrens interests are wide.Childrens attention span are often distracted
31、.Children are developing a sense of independence.Phillips Suggestions to Teachers Provide a meaningful purpose for using the language.The activities should be simple.The task should be within their abilities.The activities should be largely orally based.Written activities should be used much less.Cl
32、assroom ActivitiesList the ways to motivate childrens interest in learning subjects.HomeworkHomework1.Discuss the characteristics of children aged from three to five or six to eight.List them on a sheet of paper and share them with your fellow classmates.2.How do you motivate children in your class?
33、Learning Styles of Children1.31.Do you know something about childrens learning styles?2.What is your own learning style?Learning Styles Visual learners Auditory learners Kinesthetic learners Help Children Find Their Learning StylesExplain the concept of learning styles.Discuss each learning style.En
34、gage them in the completion of a learning style inventory.Allow them to reflect upon the inventory.Classroom ActivitiesDiscuss and try to make a list of activities that are suitable for involving childrens different intelligences.Verbal/Linguistic Dialogue Speech Tell stories Visual/Spatial Drawing
35、Painting Coloring Bodily-kinesthetic Dance Creative activities Musical/Rhythmic Sing Chant Intra-personal Thinking Self-reflection Interpersonal Pair work Group work Logical/Mathematical Calculate re-order the thingsHomeworkHomework1.How do you guide the children according to their learning styles?2
36、.Search some online quiz and do it to discover what type of person you are?Life in Kindergarten 1.41.What are the daily learning activities in kindergarten?2.Do you know some art projects in kindergarten?Life in Kindergarten Kindergartens provide a 3-year pre-school education program for children ag
37、ed from 3 to 6.Language skills are a very important part of pre-school education.Basic concepts of science are common to kindergarten curricula.Social skills are an essential part of the kindergarten classroom.Desired Outcomes of Education Be able to listen and speak with understanding Be able to re
38、cognize and describe different things Be curious to explore Be willing to share with others Be willing to interact with others Be comfortable and happy with themselves Developed healthy habits Schedules in Pre-education Kindergarten 1 Kindergarten 29:00Morning talk9:00Morning organization9:30English
39、 activities9:30Learning centers10:30Outdoor play10:30Outdoor play11:30Lunch/Rest time11:30Lunch/Quiet time12:30Nap 12:30Nap2:00Outdoor play2:00Outdoor play2:30Afternoon snack2:30Afternoon snack3:00Days review3:00Creative activities3:30Dismissal3:30DismissalItems Used in Pre-school Teaching Specials:
40、Time for PE,art,music,drawing,dance,etc.Shared reading:songs,poems,chants,stories,etc.Workshops:Language workshop,computer workshop,math workshop,etc.Journals:Do journals with children.Teach on the First Day Arrived at school early and organize the kindergarten classroom as neatly as possible.Have t
41、hem calm themselves and sit down on the floor where you are speaking.Approach the children and speak loudly,clearly,but warmly to them.Give your instructions clearly.Teach on the First Day Explain what the daily routine and rules will be like.Knowing childrens names,make sure children are comfortabl
42、e with their environment.Try to be empathetic for every child.Classroom Activities1.Paper Ball Toss2.Scavenger Hunt 3.Name Cards Classroom Activities 4.School Trip5.Make New Friends6.Self-PortraitsHomework1.Search the internet to find more kindergarten activities.2.Devise a kindergarten schedule in groups.Homework
