1、movement backward spin enthusiastic cautious reject universen.移动移动;运动运动;动作动作adv.&adj.向后地向后地(的的)相反地相反地(的的);退步地退步地(的的)vt.&vi.(使使)旋转旋转;纺纺(线或纱线或纱)adj.热情的热情的;热心的热心的adj.小心的小心的;谨慎的谨慎的vt.拒绝拒绝;丢弃丢弃;抛弃抛弃n.宇宙宇宙;世界世界Words preview(be)strict withmake sense对对严格的严格的讲得通讲得通;有意义有意义Expressions previewgravity)Isaac Newt
2、onThe Theory of RelativityAlbert EinsteinJane GoodallchimpsJohn SnowcholeraStephen Hawking radiumMadame CurieHybrid riceBlack hole Do you know what is the center of the solar system?Can you name the eight planets in the solar system?Warming up Mercury MarsVenusEarthJupiterSaturnUranusNeptuneMercury
3、水星水星Venus 金星金星Earth 地球地球Mars 火星火星Jupiter 木星木星Saturn 土星土星Uranus 天王星天王星Neptune 海王星海王星eight planets in the Solar System:COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARY THEORYReadingWho is he,do you know?Copernicus尼古拉尼古拉哥白尼哥白尼1473年出生于年出生于波兰波兰,是是现代天现代天文学创始人文学创始人。40岁时，哥白尼提出了岁时，哥白尼提出了日心日心说，说，并经过长年的观察和计算完成他的伟并经过长年的观察和计算完成他的伟大著作大著
4、作天体运行论天体运行论。由于受到时代的。由于受到时代的局限局限,在日心说中保留了所谓在日心说中保留了所谓“完美的完美的”圆圆形轨道等论点。其后形轨道等论点。其后开普勒开普勒建立行星运动建立行星运动三定律三定律,牛顿牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行星发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行差、视差相继发现光行差、视差相继发现,日心说遂建立在更日心说遂建立在更加稳固的科学基础上。加稳固的科学基础上。1533年，年，60岁的哥白尼在罗马做了一系岁的哥白尼在罗马做了一系列的讲演，但直到他临近古稀之年才终列的讲演，但直到他临近古稀之年才终于决定将它出版。于决定将它出版。1543年年5月月24日去世日去世的那一天才收到
5、出版商寄来的一部他写的那一天才收到出版商寄来的一部他写的书。哥白尼的的书。哥白尼的“日心说日心说”沉重地打击沉重地打击了教会的宇宙观，这是唯物主义和了教会的宇宙观，这是唯物主义和唯心唯心主义主义斗争的伟大胜利。哥白尼是欧洲斗争的伟大胜利。哥白尼是欧洲文文艺复兴艺复兴时期的一位巨人。他用毕生的精时期的一位巨人。他用毕生的精力去研究力去研究天文学天文学，为后世留下了宝贵的，为后世留下了宝贵的遗产。哥白尼遗骨于遗产。哥白尼遗骨于2010年年5月月22日在日在波兰弗龙堡大教堂重新下葬。波兰弗龙堡大教堂重新下葬。oror？CopernicusWe know the first scientist is
6、Copernicus.He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information.He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it.Pre-reading Skim the text and draw the two Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe wi
7、th the theories of the universe with the following pictures.following pictures.SunearthBefore Copernicus theory Showing Copernicus theorySunearthBefore Copernicus theory Showing Copernicus theorySunearthearthSun Read the passage and summarize the general idea Mind map of the textParagraph 1:the _ of
8、 Copernicus studyParagraph 2:the _ of Copernicus studyParagraph 3:the _ of Copernicus studyParagraph 4:the _ of Copernicus studyParagraph 5:Copernicus theory _ the Christian idea and proved_.backgroundprocedurecauseresultreplacedcorrectRead through the passage,and tell whether the following statemen
9、ts are true or false.1.At Copernicus time,Christian Church was in charge of many western countries.2.Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth,some planets appears in front of or behind the earth.3.Copernicus didnt show his new theory to his friends until he completed it.TFT4.His friends were
10、not interested in his ideas.5.Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church,Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it.6.Newton,Einstein,and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe.FFT1.Whats Copernicus fear?He feared that the p
11、owerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.Bruno was born five years after Copernicus died.He stuck to the Sun-centered Theory,which was against the Churchs will.In 1600,he was burnt to death.2.How did Copernicus prove his theory?He had thought long and hard ab
12、out these problems and tried to find an answer.He had observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.All his calculations and observations proved that his theory was right.3.What is his theory?The sun is the centre of the solar system with the planets going round i
13、t and only the moon still going round the earth.5.How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory?4.When did Copernicus publish his theory?He published his theory as he lay dying in 1543.4 years.6.If you were Nicolaus Copernicus,would you have hidden your theory for so many
14、years?Give your reasons.As a scientist,Copernicus was more cautious than coward.If he had published his ideas at his time,he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burnt to death because his theory was against the Christian Churchs.Every time a new idea appears,there are always rejections.Its
15、normal.Scientists should have patience to spread their truth.Language points:1.lead to造成造成,导致导致(result in,cause);通向通向This will probably lead to trouble in the future.All roads lead to Rome.lead sb.to sth.使某人得出，引导某人到使某人得出，引导某人到lead sb.to do sth.导致某人做某事导致某人做某事The road leads you to the town.What led yo
16、u to change your mind?2.only if 只有；只要只有；只要。当以。当以onlyonly引导的短引导的短语作状语或状语从句语作状语或状语从句放于句首放于句首时，为时，为了加强语气，了加强语气，句子需要倒装句子需要倒装。1)Only ifOnly if the alarm rings do I wake up.2)Only byOnly by working hard did he succeed.if only “如果如果就好了就好了”，引导虚拟条件句，引导虚拟条件句If only he came early.If only I had more money I cou
17、ld buy a car.eg.1）Only if your identity has been checked,_.A.you are allowed in B.you will be allowed in C.will you allow in D.will you be allowed inD2）Only then did I realize the importance of knowledge.只有那时我才意识到知识的重要性。只有那时我才意识到知识的重要性。3）Only in this way can we work out the maths problem.只有这种方法我们才能算
18、出这道数学题。只有这种方法我们才能算出这道数学题。“Only+副词副词/介词短语介词短语/状语从句状语从句”位于位于句首句首,句子要倒装。句子要倒装。3.3.make sensemake sense 讲得通；有道理；有意义讲得通；有道理；有意义 1)1)这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。The sentence doesnt seem to make sensemake sense.2)2)你编的故事我听不明白你编的故事我听不明白。Your story doesnt make sensemake sense to me.3）你听得懂这个美国人在说些什么吗？）你听得懂这个美
19、国人在说些什么吗？Can you make sense of what this American is saying?4）这没有意义。）这没有意义。It doesnt make sense.make sense of make any sense lose ones sensein a sense common sensethe sense of touch/smell/tasteThere is no/much sense in doing It doesnt make sense to do sth.理解理解有任何意义，意思有任何意义，意思失去知觉失去知觉从某种意义上讲从某种意义上讲常识
20、常识触觉触觉/嗅觉嗅觉/味觉味觉做某事没有做某事没有/很有道理很有道理干某事无意义干某事无意义 4.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。with the planets going round it是with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可
21、以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：(1)With+n./pron.+介词短语介词短语 He sat there with a smile on his face.(2)With+n./pron.+副词副词 With Mr Smith away,weve got more room.(3)With+n./pron.+不定式不定式(表将来表将来)With so much work to do,he could not go home.(4)With+n./pron.+现在分词（表主动，进行）现在分词（表主动，进行）The street was quiet
22、with no buses running.(5)With+n./pron.+过去分词（表被动，完成）过去分词（表被动，完成）In came a man with his hands tied back.(6)With+n./pron.+形容词形容词 Last night he slept with the window open.The guard warned me to be cautious about strangers.My father is a very cautious driver.警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。我的爸爸是一位非常谨慎的司机。我的爸爸是一位
23、非常谨慎的司机。5.cautious:careful to avoid risk adj.be cautious about/of sb./sth.对对小心谨慎，留心小心谨慎，留心，谨防，谨防6.contribute sth.to 把把.捐赠给捐赠给.；为；为贡献贡献；向向投稿投稿contribute to(doing)sth.有助于；导致，促成有助于；导致，促成make a contribution/contributions to 对对作出贡献作出贡献Every worker contributed 100 yuan to the Red Cross.Fresh air and exerc
24、ise contribute to good health.He made an outstanding contribution to science.7.apart from in addition to/as well as/besides 除除.之外，（还有）之外，（还有）except/but 除了除了（所列部分被排除在外）（所列部分被排除在外）except for 除了除了.（强调总体，指出个别不足）（强调总体，指出个别不足）e.g.All the children like music apart from Bobby.Apart from being too large,the trousers dont suit me.Your homework is good apart from some spelling mistakes.
