1、【 精品教育资源文库】第六讲 动词动词的分类(一)实义动词实义动词是指具有完整意义、可以单独作谓语的动词。根据其后是否需要跟宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词；根据其所表示的动作是否具有延续性，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1及物动词后面直接跟宾语的实义动词称为及物动词，及物动词后可跟单宾语、双宾语或复合宾语。He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. 他下班回家以后经常会问他的孩子是否已经刷牙了。A man immediately rushed to the girl to gi
2、ve her first aid and I joined in without hesitation.一个人立即冲到女孩身边，给她实施急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入(帮忙)。One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card attached to the first page, which gave me the best wishes.一天，当我打开我的书的时候，我发现了附在第一页上的一张漂亮的卡片，卡片给了我最好的祝福。2不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语的实义动词称为不及物动词，不及物动词若跟宾语，后面需要加介词。Dont wait
3、for good things to happen to you. You need to walk towards happiness.不要等待好事降临，你要向幸福出发。It is impolite to laugh at others.嘲笑别人是不礼貌的。3延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词表示动作可以延续，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间性动词，在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，在否定句中则可以。The boy slept until seven oclock this morning.【 精品教育资源文库】那个男孩一直睡到今天早晨七点。They d
4、idnt finish their homework until 12 oclock.他们直到 12 点才完成了家庭作业。(二)助动词记忆口诀助动词，用法怪，只当佐料不当菜；句型变换显身手，常与时态谈恋爱。have 完成 be 进行，will 将来三大块；加上各自过去式，总共构成六时态。否定疑问靠它们，过去 did，do 现在；一般现在和过去，没有助动也无碍；第三人单用 does，否定疑问照常变。(三)连系动词连系动词后面常接形容词或名词，构成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征等情况。按其所表示的意义，连系动词可分为五种。1状态类：表示人或事物的状态，如 be 动词，keep, remain
5、, stand, lie, stay 等。He came late in the afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.那天傍晚当他回来的时候，他发现自己的手提箱不见了。2变化类：表示事物发展变化的过程，如 become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come 等。Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.只有这样他们才能长大、独立，成为真正的成功者。3感官类：表示人体感官的感受，如 feel
6、, smell, taste, look, sound 等。My first attempting a chocolate cake tasted horrible.我首次试做的巧克力蛋糕难吃极了。4表象类：表示“看起来像” ，如 seem, appear, look 等。Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.在战后的几年里，吐温好像再三被迫处理种族的难题。5终止类：表示主语已终止动作，主要有 prove, turn out 等，表示“证实；变成
7、”之意。【 精品教育资源文库】His plan proved practical.他的计划被证明是切实可行的。对点练 1 单句改错After that, everyone enjoyed the sweet birthday cake and shared with my happiness. 去掉 withWe never know one minute on the stage takes away ten years of practice. 去掉 awayThey have also bought for some gardening tools. 去掉 forWhen I look
8、at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. 去掉第二个 ofGood night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend. isare动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配，常见的有 add, break, call, carry, come, cut, die, go, get, look, make, put, pay, pick, set, turn, take
9、等动词构成的短语。1add 的常考短语add . to . 把加到add to 增加，增添add up (把)加起来add up to 总计为，共达The cost of the two trips added up to 3,000 dollars.两次旅行的费用加起来达 3 000 美元。2agree 的常考短语agree with sb./sth. 同意某人的看法；(两条信息)相符食物/天气agree with sb. 食物/天气适合某人agree to sth. 同意(某个建议、计划、安排、办法等)agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见agree to do sth. 同意做
10、某事辨析比较 agree with, agree to, agree on【 精品教育资源文库】agree with一般后接人或表示“意见，看法”的词，表示“同意某人的看法” ；还可用物作主语，表示“与一致”或“(食物、气候等)适合” 。agree to表示“就某事达成一致” ，后接表示“计划、安排、建议”等的词。agree on表示“对取得一致意见” ，其主语一般是协商一件事的人或单位，后面常接表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动等名词。3.break 的常考短语break down 失败；发生故障；(身体、精神)垮掉break out 爆发break through 突破；突围break off
11、 中断；突然停止break up 打碎；结束；(被)分离break in 突然打断break into 破门而入break away 突然离开；逃脱；脱离Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.在灾难中无线网络瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到了重要作用。4bring 的常考短语bring about 引起；导致bring back 拿回来；使恢复bring down 打倒；使降低bring in 引进；赚得bring out 出版；使显现bring up 提出；养育；呕吐Born into a
12、family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.(因为)戴维出生于有三个兄弟的家庭，从小就被教育要重视分享。Her success has aroused new interest in tennis in China, which has also brought about a debate among fans, tennis players and experts.她的成功唤起了中国人对网球新的兴趣，也引发了球迷、网球运动员和专家之间的讨论。5carry 的常考短语carry
13、on 继续，坚持【 精品教育资源文库】carry out 执行，实施carry through 渡过(难关)；完成，实现Fun though all this may sound, its still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.尽管所有这些听起来很有趣，但是这仍然很麻烦，实际执行要比理论上轻谈更困难。6come 的常考短语come from 来自于come about 发生come over 从远处来；顺便来访come out 出来，出现；出版come by 从旁边经过co
14、me up 走近；发生；出现；长出地面，发芽；被提及come up with 想出(计划或想法)come across 偶遇come along 出现；进步；一起来come after 追赶come back 回来come around 苏醒come on 快点；振作起来；得了吧Tanya sometimes comes out with a really stupid remark but never comes up with new ideas when problems come up.当问题出现时，塔尼娅有时会突然冒出一句很蠢的话，但总想不出新主意。We decided to com
15、e back to Scotland for another holiday.我们决定再回到苏格兰度一次假。7cut 的常考短语cut in 插嘴；打断cut into 切入cut across 抄近路通过cut back 减少cut off 切断cut up 切碎cut away 砍掉【 精品教育资源文库】cut down 砍倒；削减cut out 剪取，剪掉cut through 穿过；克服8call 的常考短语call after 以的名字来命名call for 要求call off 取消call back 回电话；收回call up 使想起；给打电话call on 号召；拜访(某人)c
16、all in 叫进来；召来9die 的常考短语die away (声音、风、光线、情绪等)逐渐消失die down 逐渐平息die of 死于(疾病、衰老、饥饿等)die from 死于(意外事故或未知的原因)die out 灭绝，绝种die off 相继死去These rumors will soon die away.这些谣言不久就会逐渐消失。10end 的常考短语end up doing sth. 最终做某事end (up) in 以告终；结果为end (up) with 以结束(指以某种方式结束)I love how people can seem so different, but
17、end up being so similar.我喜欢人们看起来如此不同，但结果却如此相似。In English, if new words continue to be used for at least five years, they generally end up in the Oxford English Dictionary.在英语中，如果新单词持续被使用了至少 5 年，那么它们一般就会被收录进牛津英语词典中。11get 的常考短语get about 走动；传播【 精品教育资源文库】get down to 开始认真做get through 通过；熬过；打通(电话)get in 到
18、达；入选；当选get on 上(车)；进展；相处get off 下(车)；动身get out 出去；离去get over 克服；恢复get across 使被理解；通过get along 相处；进展get away 离开；脱身；逃脱She was finding it increasingly difficult to get about.她发现出去走动越来越困难了。12give 的常考短语give up 放弃give in 屈服：让步 give away 赠送，捐赠；无意中泄露give over 停止；放弃give off 散发；发出give out 分发；散发；用完give back 归还In fact, fuels we burn and plant food we eat give off their chemical energy in the form of heat.事实上，我们烧的燃料和食用的植物性食物都是以热量的形式释放出它们所含有的化学能。13go 的常考短语go against 违背go along 进展；前进go around 参观；传播go away 离开；消失go
