1、1Overview of Pediatrics Dr.Yan Hu Dept.of Child Health Care Childrens Hospital Chongqing Medical University 2Pediatrics Pediatrics is the sole discipline concerned with all aspects of the well-being of infants,children,and adolescents,including their health;their physical,mental,and psychologic grow
2、th and development;and their opportunity to achieve full potential as adults.(Nelsons Textbook of Pediatrics)3History of Pediatrics Hippocrates(c.400 BC)Germany:Society for Infant Therapeutics USA:Dr.Abraham Jacobi(18301919)American Academy of Pediatircs(1930)China:Dr.Futang Zhu(18991994)19434Object
3、iveList the stage of children by age5Outline Characteristics of pediatrics Stage of children by age Scope of pediatrics Challenge to pediatricians6Outline Characteristics of pediatrics Stage of children by age Scope of pediatrics Challenge to pediatricians7Is a child miniature of an adult?8AnatomyEg
4、:9 PhysiologyAt birth5yr15yradultPR（/min）140100706070RR（/min）40252020Eg1:Eg2:Immature immunity10Pathology lobar pneumonia bronchopneumonia Eg:Streptococcus infectionYoung ChildAdult11Clinical differenceeg：Type of disease:congenital,infectious Manifestation:changeable,atypical Diagnosis:Treatment:Pro
5、gnosis:less sequela occurrence Prevention12Children are not little adults!13Association between pediatrics&adult medicine DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health&Disease)Child behavioral problem&adult offence Eg:14Outline Characteristics of pediatrics Stage of children by age Scope of pediatrics Chal
6、lenge to pediatricians1516Stages of children by age FETUSINFANCYTODDLERPRE-SCHOOLSCHOOL CHILDRENADOLESCENCEChildren:018yr17Fetal Period From fertilized ovum formed until to delivery(about 40 weeks)18Embryo:0-8 wsMiddle fetus:9-28 wsLate fetus:29-40 wsFetal periodEmbryonic periodFetal Period20 After
7、delivery until 1year old Neonate（028days）Perinatal period（28GA7days）Infancy2122From 1 to 3 years old Toddler23 From 3 years old until 67 years old Preschool Period24From 67 years old until adolescence School Period25AdolescenceGirl:11-18yrBoy:13-20yr*individual differenceFrom 2nd sexual character ap
8、pearing until sexual mature and growth stopped 26Outline Characteristics of pediatrics Stage of children by age Scope of pediatrics Challenge to pediatricians27Subspecialties Preventive Pediatrics Developmental Pediatrics Clinical Pediatrics Community Pediatricians28Preventive pediatrics Refers to p
9、revention of disease and promotion of physical,mental,and social well being of children with aim of attaining a positive health 29 Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Preventionthe measures of health promotion:e.g.nutrition,health education,physical activity,Immunization,accident preven
10、tion,mental health and well environment,etc.the measures of preventing diseases to happen.ex.growth supervision,newborns screening,prenatal examination etc.treatment of ill children and rehabilitationPreventive pediatrics 30 aims to promote and maintain the developmental and emotional health of all
11、children and their families.Developmental Pediatrics31Clinical pediatrics Focused on diagnosis and treatment of diseases in childhood.32Organ-based classificationDigestive systemRespiratory systemCardiovascular systemNephrology and urology Endocrinology Dermatology Hematology Neurology.Infectious di
12、sease Metabolic disordersImmunologyAllergy ect.Clinical pediatrics33Age-based classification PerinatologyNeonatologyAdolescent medicineClinical pediatrics34Health care system based classification Primary health care Intensive care Emergency care Rehabilitation careClinical pediatrics35Community pedi
13、atricsFocus on child health in relation to his environment and the society.36Outline Characteristics of pediatrics Stage of children by age Scope of pediatrics Challenge to pediatricians37Current Challenges In Pediatrics Health disparities38Changed category of disease Current Challenges In Pediatric
14、s Health disparitiesJ.F.Bach,NEJM,200239Changed category of disease Environment-genetic interaction Current Challenges In Pediatrics Health disparitiesepigenetics40Changed category of disease Environment-genetic interaction Current Challenges In Pediatrics Health disparitiesShortage of pediatrician
15、412011 world populationcountryPopulation 014yrs(%)China1.3billion 16.6%India 1.2billion32%World 6.9billion27%Children(018 years old):constitute approximately 1/3 of whole populationNumber of Pediatrician:5 pediatricians serve 10000 children42Lets do our best for children.43Reference1.Illustrated Textbook of pediatrics,the 3rd.Edition 2.Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics,the 19th edition 4.儿科学儿科学 第第8 8版版 人民卫生出版社人民卫生出版社E-mail:
