1、2023-1-19语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2023-1-19语气陈述语气陈述语气(The Indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。People get AIDS after having been infected with HIV.Her mother did not know that she had AIDS until after Xiaohua was born.How should we act towards pe
2、ople who have AIDS?What a brave girl!2023-1-19关于陈述语气 12023-1-19语气祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。Let me do it.Please keep quiet in the reading room.2023-1-19关于祁使语气 12023-1-19关于祁使语气 22023-1-19关于祁使语气 32023-1-19关于祁使语气 42023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气 1)虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条
3、件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。采用虚拟语气。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中2023-1-191 真实条件句真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中其中 if 是如果
4、的意思。是如果的意思。时态关系时态关系句型：句型：条件从句条件从句 主句主句 一般现在时一般现在时 shall/will+动词原形动词原形If he comes,he will bring his violin.The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained答案答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。从句用一般现在时。2023-1-19注意：注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用
5、表示将来，该用shall,will.(错错)If you leave now,you are never going to regret it.(对对)If you leave now,you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。在时的动词形式。2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中表示与事实情况相反表示与事实情
6、况相反条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况表示现在情况过去式过去式(did)(be常用常用 were)would/could/might/should+动词原形动词原形(do)表示过去情况表示过去情况过去完成式过去完成式(had+done)would/could/might/should+have done表示将来情况表示将来情况过去式过去式(did)(were)should+do were to+dowould/could/might/should+do2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句1.If you had come a few minut
7、es earlier,you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与与过过去去事实相反事实相反)2.If it were(were to be/should be)sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与与将来将来事实可事实可能相反能相反)3.If I were you,I would go now.假如我是你的话，我现在就走。假如我是你的话，我现在就走。(与与现在现在事实相反，事实相反，事实上我不可能是你事实上我
8、不可能是你)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中2023-1-19注意：注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用的过去时态一律用were，不用，不用was，即在从句中即在从句中be用用were代替。代替。If I were you,I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here,everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题典型例题_ to do the work,I should do
9、it some other day.A.If were IB.I wereC.Were ID.Was I 2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气二、省略二、省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句当从句中有当从句中有 were,had 或或 should 时，可省略时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。而把它们放在句首。If I were to meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time,he would try aga
10、in.Should he fail in the experiment If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中Had you come a few.2023-1-19 但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do.,而而不能说不能说 Werent I to do.2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气三、错
11、综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟）三、错综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟）即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：1.If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。易些。2.If he had not taken my advice,he wouldnt do it much better like this.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。如果他不听取我的
12、建议，他就不会干得这样好。虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望愿望(wish),建议建议(suggest,advice,propose,recommend)，要求要求(demand,request,require,insist),命令命令(order,command)等。等。2、除除wish外，其它动词用外，其它动词用should+do 构成构成,should 可以省略。可以省略。3、wish接宾语从句有三种情况：接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式现在：用过去
13、式 2)过去：用过去完成式过去：用过去完成式(had done)或或 could/would have done 3)将来：用情态动词将来：用情态动词(would/could)+do虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气例句1.I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一边。我希望她能站在我一边。2.I wish I were 30 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3.I wish(that)you would get a good job.我希望你能找到一个好职业。我
14、希望你能找到一个好职业。4.He wished he hadnt done it.他想要是他没这样做该多好。他想要是他没这样做该多好。5.He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气4、记住：记住：insist/suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式时，
15、用虚拟形式，即，即 should+do;Insist 表示表示“坚称，坚持说坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气时，用陈述语气，表示事实。，表示事实。Suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。例句例句1)The teacher suggested that we(should)clean the blackboard after class.老师老师建议建议我们课后把黑板擦了。我们课后把黑板擦了。2)He insisted that all of us should be there on tim
16、e by any means.他他坚持要坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。3)He insisted that he was right.虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气5.在在would rather(宁愿宁愿)would rather,would sooner,had rather,would(just)as soon，would prefer引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句中中当从句表示现在或将来的时间时当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要谓语动词要用用一般过去时一般过去时;表示过去时间时表示过去时间时,谓语
17、动词谓语动词要用要用过去完成时。过去完成时。I would rather he/you came tomorrow than today.虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 2023-1-19 注：注：若某人愿自己做某事，若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后后用动词原形用动词原形I would rather stay at home today would ratherthan中用动中用动词原形词原形I would rather stay at home than go out today2023-1-19“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 用“had ho
18、ped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。I had hoped that she would go to the U.S.and study there,but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。2023-1-19 在expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。I never thought that he should be such
19、 a brave young soldier.我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气主句的主句的主语主语常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望愿望(wish/desire)、建议建议(suggestion/advice)要求要求(requirement/demand)、命令命令(order,command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用词用(should)+do.Our suggestion is that you(should)be there on time.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在表语从句中在表语从句中2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语
20、气同位语从句的同位语从句的先行词先行词常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望、愿望、建议、要求、命令建议、要求、命令等的名词。等的名词。The suggestion that students(should)learn something practical is worth considering.Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch？虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中在同位语从句中2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气在句型在句型“It is important(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中，中，th
21、at 后面的从句中的谓语后面的从句中的谓语动词用：动词用：should+动词原形动词原形 例句例句1.Its necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。2.Its natural that she should do so.她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。3.Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中2023-1-19*natura
22、l(自然的),appropriate(适当的),advisable(合适的),preferable(更可取的),better(更好的)*necessary(必须的),important(重要的),imperative(急需的),urgent(急迫的),essential(本质的),vital(必不可少的)*probable(很可能的),possible(可能的)*desirable(极好的)advisable（合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），incredible（惊人
23、的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。常用的过去分词(Past Participle):*required(需要的),demanded(要求),requested(被请求的),desired(要求)*suggested(建议),recommended(推荐)*ordered(命令)2023-1-19(1)虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的用法 由连接词whether,if,even if/though,whatever,so ong as 引导的状语从句，其谓语可用虚拟语气，即其谓语用动词原形。如：Whether the fi
24、gures be accurate or not,they have to be rechecked.不管那些数字准确与否，都得重新核对。The earth is powerful magnet and all magnets behave the same whether they be large or small.地球是一个强大的磁体，而所有的磁体无论大小其作用都是一样的。They have decided to build a reservoir,whatever the difficulties may be.他们决心建造一座水库，不管有多少困难。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在
25、主语从句中2023-1-19 I wont let you in whoever you may be.无论你是谁我都不让进去。However hard the task may be,we must fulfill it on time.不管任务多么艰巨，我们必须按时完成。If the defendant be found guilty,he shall have the right of appeal.即使被告被判有罪，他有权上诉。倒装的让步状语从句中的虚拟语气。如：Come what may，we will go ahead.不管怎样，我们一定要前进。2023-1-19(2)虚拟语气在方
26、式状语从句中的用法 在在as if/though从句中，常用虚拟形式，即从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示表示与现在事实相反，用与现在事实相反，用过去式；过去式；与过去事实相反用与过去事实相反用过去完成式过去完成式(had done).You speak as if you had really been there.你说的好像你真的去过那里。Light often behaves as though it were made of particles.光的性状，常常有点儿像由粒子组成的。He spoke to me as if I were deaf.他跟我说话时就好像我是聋子似的。2023-1-
27、19(3)虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法以lest,for fear that 和in case 引出的状语从句（谓语多用should加动词原形构成）。如：Batteries should be kept in dry places lest electricity should leak away.电池应放在干燥的地方，以免漏电。He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.他小心地弄那仪器，生怕把它弄坏。Ill keep a seat for you in case you should cha
28、nge your mind.我给你留一个位子，说不定你会改变主意。2023-1-19不接虚拟语气不接虚拟语气的用法，表示的用法，表示可能或真可能或真 实实的情形的情形。1.It looks as if I am going to be busy.2.It looks as though it is going to rain.2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气1.if only 意为：若是意为：若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊;真希望真希望.;只要只要,只要只要.就好就好 表示现在的情况表示现在的情况,应用过去式应用过去式;如果是过去的情况如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态应用过去完成时态 If o
29、nly I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.2.Its(high/right)time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或过去时或should+do Its time that you left/should leave here.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气3.虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法 一些介词短语,如:but for(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),等表示含蓄的条件表示含蓄的条件
30、,这时主句要这时主句要用虚拟语气用虚拟语气 Without your help,we would not have made such rapid progress.But for my brothers help,I would not have finished it on time.I had to do something more important,otherwise I might have helped.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例2023-1-19 It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing
31、immediately.不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障（暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately）Alone,she would have been terrified.2023-1-194.wish/if only 现在：过去：未来：did（were）had donewould do 1.I wish I were a bird.（现在）（现在）2.I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）（过去）3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.(将来将来)虚拟语气虚拟语气
32、虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例2023-1-195.would rather that现在：过去：未来：I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone,too.Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.diddidhad done虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例2023-1-19 6.不用不用if引导的引导的非真实条件句条件句条件句 非真实条件句的条件从句除用if引导外，还可用unless,lest,as if,for fear,in case,on condit
33、ion that等词语来引导。如：Steel parts were usually covered with grease lest they should rust.钢部件通常涂有油脂以免生锈。Unless I were well,I wouldnt be at work.除非我好了，否则我不会去上班。虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例2023-1-19 The electric current flows through a conductor as if it were a fluid.电流好像液体般地流过导体。He handled the instrument with care
34、 for fear(that)it should be damaged.他小心地摆弄那仪器，生怕把它弄坏。Take some more money with you in case you should need it.多带点儿钱以备急用。He can use the car on condition that he should return it tomorrow.如果明天车能还回来，他就可以把车借去。Suppose you were given a chance to get the job,would you accept?假如你有机会得到那份工作，你会接受吗？但要注意：与if一样，上
35、述词语所引导的条件从句也可用直陈语气，表可能实现或发生的事。2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气7.某些简单句的固定句型：某些简单句的固定句型：Heaven help him!God bless you!May you succeed!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气1、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用(should)do表示虚拟形式表示虚拟形式,主要用于名词主要用于名词性从句中。性从句中。2、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实、其
36、它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。过去完成式。简单的归纳简单的归纳2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A.would have missed B.had missed C.would miss D.missed2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy.He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.A.not ta
37、ke B.shouldnt have takenC.didnt take D.hadnt takenExercises2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气3.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.)A.listened B.had listened C.should listen D.would listen4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A.sell B.sold C.shall sell D.would sell5.I wish this bus _ to the university.A.go B.went
38、C.has gone D.had gone2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气6.Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱吃得饱),though his parents feed him very well.A.get B.getting C.got D.should get7.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A.had been B.were C.was D.been8.I _ you some money,but I hadnt got any then.A.
39、would lend B.would have lent C.could lend D.may have lent2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气9.Have you ever been to Beijing?-No,but I wish I _.A.have B.will C.do D.had10.I dont think it is the right time that you _.A.will go B.went C.go D.must go11.11.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it.A.br
40、eaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气 12.(2003上海春季高考题上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble I am in!If only I _ your advice.A.followedB.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 13.(2002上海高考题上海高考题)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age
41、of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he didnt believe it.A.hadnt spoken B.shouldnt speak C.wouldnt speak D.not speak2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气15.It is high time the child _
42、 to the hospital.A.is sent B.would be sentC.be sent D.were sent16.If it _ so hard，wed go to town.A.isnt raining B.werent rainingC.doesnt rain D.has rain17.Its strange that he _ without saying good-bye to us.A.should have gone out B.wentC.should go out D.goes out2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气 18.Had you listened
43、to the doctor，you _ all right now.A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been 19.Id rather you _ know the secret.A.didnt B.hadnt C.not D.not to 20.Without your help，we _ this task.A.dont finishB.will not finish C.didnt finish D.would not have finished2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气 21.Isnt it about time that you _
44、to pick up the visitors from New York?A.went B.would go C.go D.will go 22.I wish I _ you yesterday.A.saw B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 23.His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan.A.didnt agree B.hadnt agreed C.wouldnt agree D.not agree2023-1-19虚拟语气虚拟语气 24.The father insisted
45、his daughter _ a rich man.A.would be engaged toB.be engaged to C.should engaged to D.must be engaged to 25.You _ earlier.The bus left a moment ago.A.would come B.should have come C.must comeD.could have come 26.She made a suggestion that the plan _ carefully.A.be considered B.was considered C.should consider D.would be considered2023-1-19 Thank you!Thank you!2023-1-19
