1、1.Establish the topic2.Literature review3.Investigation needs(Gap)4.Purpose of the research 5.Value of the research(optional)6.Outline of the research(optional)Establish a topicClaiming centralityGeneral to specificPrevious researchDescribing of the backgroundDefinition of key wordsnE.g1:nThe design
2、 of reliable hinges is essential for the development of deployable structures in space applications.nThe design of reliable hinges is essential for the development of deployable structures in space applications.nE.g2.:n3D-TV has recently received much attention from both academia and industry.nE.g2:
3、n3D-TV has recently received much attention from both academia and industry.Establish a topicClaiming centralityGeneral to specificPrevious researchDescribing of the backgroundDefinition of key wordsImpact of heavy metalsexpense and shortcomings of methods of removing heavy metals(less general).expe
4、nse and shortcomings of methods of removing heavy metals in developing countries alternative technologies to overcome expense and shortcomings biological materials as an example of alternative technologiesEstablish a topicClaiming centralityGeneral to specificPrevious researchDescribing of the backg
5、roundDefinition of key wordsEstablish a topicClaiming centralityGeneral to specificPrevious researchDescribing of the backgroundDefinition of key wordsEstablish a topicClaiming centralityGeneral to specificPrevious researchDescribing of the backgroundDefinition of key words1.Establish the topic2.Lit
6、erature review3.Investigation needs(Gap)4.Purpose of the research 5.Value of the research(optional)6.Outline of the research(optional)Establish the gapIndicating a gapRaising a questionContinuing a previously developed line of enquiryCounter-claimingNumerousNumerousEstablish the gapIndicating a gapR
7、aising a questionContinuing a previously developed line of enquiryCounter-claimingEstablish the gapIndicating a gapRaising a questionContinuing a previously developed line of enquiryCounter-claimingEstablish the gapIndicating a gapRaising a questionContinuing a previously developed line of enquiryCo
8、unter-claimingnExample:1.Establish the topic2.Literature review3.Investigation needs(Gap)4.Purpose of the research 5.Value of the research(optional)6.Outline of the research(optional)Purpose of the studyOutlining purposeAnnouncing present research/methodAnnouncing principle findings(results)Purpose
9、of the studyOutlining purposeAnnouncing present research/methodAnnouncing principle findings(results)Purpose of the studyOutlining purposeAnnouncing present research/methodAnnouncing principle findings(results)1.Establish the topic2.Literature review3.Investigation needs(Gap)4.Purpose of the researc
10、h 5.Value of the research(optional)6.Outline of the research(optional)1.Establish the topic2.Literature review3.Investigation needs(Gap)4.Purpose of the research 5.Value of the research(optional)6.Outline of the research(optional)introductionEstablish the topicClaiming centralityGeneral to specificP
11、revious researchDescribing backgroundDefinition of key wordsLiterature reviewInvestigation needsIndicating a gapRaising a questionContinue a traditionCounter-claimingPurpose of the researchOutlining purposeAnnouncing present researchAnnouncing findingsValue of the researchOutline of the researchOccu
12、py the niche（介绍自己成果）（介绍自己成果）Signal words:The objective of this work is toThis paper focuses onEstablish a niche（提出问题）（提出问题）Signal words:However,a significant drawback ofHowever,the deficiency isEstablish a territory(确定研究范围）确定研究范围）Signal words:Interest has risen,.has become popular Importantn.introdu
13、ctionEstablish the topicClaiming centralityGeneral to specificPrevious researchDescribing backgroundDefinition of key wordsLiterature reviewInvestigation needsIndicating a gapRaising a questionContinue a traditionCounter-claimingPurpose of the researchOutlining purposeAnnouncing present researchAnnouncing findingsValue of the researchOutline of the research
