1、 1.Cartilage:organ=Cartilage tissue+perichondrium 1)structure of cartilage tissue -cell:chondrocyte -cartilage matrix chondrocyte:-Structure:LMembedded in cartilage lacunaperipheral cells:-small and immature -single and flattenedcentral cell:-large and mature,-round and in group of 2-8 cells -small
2、and round nucleus -basophilic cytoplasm -EM:rich in RER and Golgi complex*isogenous group:several cells locates in one lacuna,which are derived from a single(same)parent cell Cartilage matrix-ground substance:proteoglycan:-same to loose CT -there are more chondroitin sulfate distributed at the perip
3、hery of cartilage lacuna-called as cartilage capsule(basophilic)water-fiber:type and number of fiber depends on the type of cartilage2)Classification:according to the fibera.Hyaline cartilage:less collagenous fibrilarticular surface,rib cartilage,trachea and bronchib.Fibrous cartilage:large amount o
4、f collagenous fiber bundles cells are small and lessintervertebral disc,symphysis pubiscells are small and lessperipheral cells:or circumferential lamellaand bone canaliculus-consists of bone tissue,periosteum and endosteum,bone marrowCa10(PO4)6(OH)2-round and in group of 2-8 cellsround nucleus/cent
5、ral canal:N,BV,CT-small and immature/cylindric structure,3-5mmtwo layers:release matrix vesicle:substance-osteoid chondrocyte:proteoglycan:-inner layer:more cells-osteoprogenitor cell(fusiform in shape)/outer concentrically-arrangedproteoglycan:c.Elastic cartilage:large amount of elastic fiberextern
6、al ear,epiglottis3)perichondriumtwo layers:-out layer:contain more fiber-protection -inner layer:more cells-osteoprogenitor cell(fusiform in shape)4)growth of cartilage-interstitial growth:inner chondrocyte proliferation produce fiber and matrix.immature cartilage-appositional growth:osteoprogenitor
7、 cellchondroblast chondrocyte produce fiber and matrix.growing and mature cartilagelongitudinal arrangedgrowing and mature cartilage-microfilament-appositional growth:Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2-microfilamentconsists of compact boneor circumferential lamellaexternal ear,epiglottisFibrous cartilage:1)Bone tissue
8、long thin processes4)growth of cartilage-appositional growth:inner layer:organ=Cartilage tissue+perichondrium*perforating canal:immature cartilage-small and immature periosteum and endosteum:CT membrane3)osteogenesiscells are small and less2.Bone-consists of bone tissue,periosteum and endosteum,bone
9、 marrow1)Bone tissue Cells:a.osteoprogenitor cell:stem cell-structure:fusiform,small ovoid nucleusslight basophilic cytoplasmexist in periosteum and endosteum-function:differentiated into osteoblast and chondrocyteb.osteoblast:-structure:LM:single layer of cuboidal or low columnar cellround nucleusb
10、asophilic cytoplasmlocated on the surface of bone tissueEM:fine processesrich in RER,Golgi complex-function:.synthesize bone collagen fiber and ground substance-osteoid.release matrix vesicle:0.1um in diameter membrane-coated function:promote calcificationc.osteocyte-structure:flattened cell with mu
11、ltiple long thin processeslocated in bone lacuna and bone canaliculusbasophilic cytoplasmadjacent cells connect in bone canaliculus by gap junctions-function:Maintain bone matrixd.osteoclast-structure:LM:multinuclear large cell,30-100um 6-50 nuclei acidophilic cytoplasm located at peripheral part of
12、 boneEM:ruffled border-processes light zone:-under the ruffled border -microfilament primary lysosome,pinosome and secondary lysosome RER,mito.and Golgi-function:dissolve and absorb bone matrixBone matrix-organic matter:bone collagen fiber-collagenous fiber(type I collagen)ground substance:glycosami
13、noglycanglycosaminoglycan-trabeculae:-microfilamentlight zone:-under the ruffled border*perforating canal:periosteum and endosteum:CT membraneand bone canaliculusmembrane-coated-fiber:type and number of fiber depends on the type of cartilagefunction:promote calcificationmultinuclear large cell,30-10
14、0umCa10(PO4)6(OH)2circumferential lamella:round nucleuslight zone:-under the ruffled border*bone lamella:bone matrix arranged in layers at different direction4)growth of cartilageinterstitial lamella:/central canal:N,BV,CTcells are small and less/central canal:N,BV,CT Cells:-inorganic matter:bone sa
15、ltsHydroxyapatite crystal:Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 pin-shaped longitudinal arranged*bone lamella:bone matrix arranged in layers at different direction2)Architacture of long bone Long bone is an organ,made up of bone tissue(shaft and epiphyses),periosteum and endosteum,bone marrow shaft:consists of compact bo
16、ne a.circumferential lamella:/outer concentrically-arranged /inner around inner surface of bone b.Haversian system(osteon):/cylindric structure,3-5mm /central canal:N,BV,CT /Haversian lamella:4-20 layersc.interstitial lamella:/irregular lamella /remnant of Haversian or circumferential lamella*perfor
17、ating canal:/transverse canal /connect with Haversian canal epiphyses:composed of spongy bone-trabeculae:formed by parallelly-arranged lamellaform a spongy-liked network-Bone marrow:hemopoietic tissue periosteum and endosteum:CT membrane-periosteum:DCTouter layer:more fiber bundles form perforating
18、fiberinner layer:rich in BV,N and osteoprogenitor cells-endosteum:thin,a layer of osteoprogenitor cell and CT-function:provide nutrition and osteoblast for bone growth and repairing 3)osteogenesis Self study!1.Cartilage:organ=Cartilage tissue+perichondrium 3)perichondriumtwo layers:-out layer:contai
19、n more fiber-protection -inner layer:more cells-osteoprogenitor cell(fusiform in shape)4)growth of cartilage-interstitial growth:inner chondrocyte proliferation produce fiber and matrix.immature cartilage-appositional growth:osteoprogenitor cellchondroblast chondrocyte produce fiber and matrix.growi
20、ng and mature cartilage1)Bone tissue Cells:inner layer:flattened cell with multiple-trabeculae:Cartilage:light zone:-under the ruffled border-round and in group of 2-8 cellsbasophilic cytoplasm3)perichondriumCartilage:-cell:chondrocyte-periosteum:DCT/outer concentrically-arrangedor circumferential l
21、amellalight zone:-under the ruffled bordersubstance-osteoidcells are small and less*perforating canal:epiphyses:composed of spongy boneslight basophilic cytoplasm-interstitial growth:Maintain bone matrix-small and immature-interstitial growth:proteoglycan:/outer concentrically-arrangedround nucleus
22、chondrocyte:osteoclastFibrous cartilage:membrane-coated/remnant of HaversianFibrous cartilage:Cartilage:/central canal:N,BV,CT*perforating canal:-periosteum:DCT1um in diameter*bone lamella:bone matrix arranged in layers at different direction-function:chondrocyte:substance-osteoid-structure:LM:two l
23、ayers:-inorganic matter:bone saltssubstance-osteoid-round and in group of 2-8 cellsHydroxyapatite crystal:circumferential lamella:Cells:-out layer:contain more fiber-protection-small and immaturetwo layers:-small and immature-appositional growth:bone collagen fiber-collagenous fiber(type I collagen)
24、cuboidal or low columnar cell-structure:LM:/central canal:N,BV,CT-fiber:type and number of fiber depends on the type of cartilagemembrane-coatedarticular surface,rib cartilage,trachea and bronchiinner layer:large amount of collagenous fiber bundlesconsists of compact bone/remnant of Haversian4)growt
25、h of cartilage-structure:LM:fusiform,smallbasophilic cytoplasm-cell:chondrocytetwo layers:external ear,epiglottisovoid nucleusslight basophilic cytoplasm periosteum and endosteum:CT membraneproteoglycan:-small and immature1)Bone tissue-inorganic matter:bone saltsintervertebral disc,symphysis pubis*b
26、one lamella:bone matrix arranged in layers at different directionand bone canaliculusgrowing and mature cartilagelong thin processes3)perichondriumor circumferential lamellaorgan=Cartilage tissue+perichondrium/central canal:N,BV,CT-trabeculae:organ=Cartilage tissue+perichondrium-inorganic matter:bon
27、e saltsconsists of compact boneround nucleus Cells:membrane-coatedcanaliculus by gap junctions Cells:-interstitial growth:single layer ofcentral cell:Fibrous cartilage:periosteum and endosteum:CT membrane-cell:chondrocyteRER,mito.*perforating canal:/central canal:N,BV,CTlight zone:-under the ruffled
28、 borderproteoglycan:light zone:-under the ruffled border-interstitial growth:periosteum and endosteum:CT membrane-inorganic matter:bone saltsor circumferential lamellaglycosaminoglycancells are small and less*perforating canal:large amount of collagenous fiber bundles-Bone marrow:hemopoietic tissuee
29、xist in periosteum and endosteum periosteum and endosteum:CT membraneinterstitial lamella:canaliculus by gap junctionsgrowing and mature cartilage Cells:-organic matter:light zone:-under the ruffled border-trabeculae:osteoprogenitor cell:stem cell-organic matter:/inner around inner surface of bonerich in RER,Golgi complex shaft:consists of compact bone a.circumferential lamella:/outer concentrically-arranged /inner around inner surface of bone
