1、Unit 1Tales of the unexplained(主题语境:人与自然地球与宇宙奥秘),-3-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,1.witness n.目击者,证人vt.目击,见证;是发生的时间或地点高考佳句 History has witnessed Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.(2015重庆卷,阅读理解)历史见证了莎士比亚的戏剧被译为世界各大语种。(1)witness to sth.是的迹象,为证据(2)give witness(to sth.)作证with a witness确实be (a) w
2、itness to.是的见证者;目击(某事的发生);证明是真实的,-4-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)One witness the accident said that the driver appeared to be drunk.一位事故目击者说,司机好像喝醉了。(2)Dont trust his words.His ragged clothes are just witness to his poverty.(3)The past decade (witness) great changes in all fields of our life,especially in
3、 the way we communicate.,to,a/不填,has witnessed,-5-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,2.assume vt.假定;以为高考佳句 It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.(2015江苏卷,阅读理解)假如那些人的志愿者角色大部分是以他们个人身份的话,他们也更可能继续志愿工作。(1
4、)assume sb./sth.to be.认为某人/某事是(2)It is assumed that.假定,普遍认为(3)assuming that.假设(4)assumption n.假定;假设make an/the assumption认为;假定on the assumption that假设,假定,-6-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)It that stress is caused by too much work.一般认为,压力是工作过多所致。(2) that our plan is turned down,what shall we do?假定我们的计划被拒绝了,我
5、们该怎么办?(3)As far as I know,many people assume him to .据我所知,很多人认为他正确。(4)Many people make the that poverty only exists in the Third World.很多人认为,贫穷只在第三世界国家存在。,is assumed,Assuming,be right,assumption,-7-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,3.occur vi.发生高考佳句 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016北京卷,单项填
6、空)杰克正在实验室工作,突然停电了。(1).occur/come to sb.某人突然想起(2).strike/hit sb.某人突然想起(3)It occurs to sb.that.某人突然想起It strikes/hits sb.that.某人突然想起(4)occurrence n.发生;事件;出现用法点拨occur表示“想到,想起”时,常用搭配还有:sth.occurred to sb.; It occurred to sb.to do sth.; It occurred to sb.that.,-8-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)I was going along t
7、he street looking for a place to park when .我正在沿街找地方停车的时候,发生了一起事故。(2)The report finds that the most rapid decline in child labour _in Latin America.这份报告发现童工人数下降最快的地方是拉丁美洲。(3)It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.=It that she should adopt the homeless child.=It that she should a
8、dopt the homeless child.她突然想到要收养这个无家可归的孩子。,an accident occurred,has occurred,struck her,hit her,-9-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,4.attack vt.进攻高考佳句 In fact,women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.(2016四川卷,七选五)实际上,女子更不可能患高血压或者死于心脏病突发。attack sth./sb.with sth.用攻击某人/物be attacked
9、 for因而受到攻击/抨击under attack受到攻击make an attack on/upon向发动攻击a personal attack人身攻击a heart attack心脏病突发,-10-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)That night,Hurricane Sandy the East Coast. (2016北京卷,阅读理解)那天晚上,飓风桑迪袭击了(美国)东部海岸。(2)When an individual ant comes or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to
10、 prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.(2015安徽卷,阅读理解)当单个蚂蚁受到攻击或快死了,它会发出一种报警信息素,来警告其领地作为防御单位为冲突做好准备。,attacked,under attack,-11-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,5.convince vt.使相信,使确信,说服高考佳句 I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,not with me.(2016天津卷,阅读理解)我试图说服自己,麻烦在于问题本身,而不是我。(1)con
11、vince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事convince sb.to do sth.劝/说服某人做某事It is convinced that.人们相信(2)convinced adj.确信的;坚信不疑的be/become convinced of.相信,确信be convinced that.确信,承认be fully convinced充分相信(3)convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的,-12-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)Oscar convinced the manager(look) in the record of advance ticket
12、 sales.(2)The advertisement is not (convince).(3)An engineer the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground.(2015湖南卷,阅读理解)一位工程师让城市的人相信:除了在地上铺设管道,没有别的选择。(4)But we failed to convince him his mistake.但我们没能使他相信他的过错。,to look,convincing,convinced,of,-13-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,6.survive vt.继续存
13、在;比活得长vi.幸存;生存下来;残存高考佳句 Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner,these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years,far longer than dinosaurs.(2015安徽卷,阅读理解)这些小生物们(蚂蚁)靠着无私和奉献在地球上生存了一亿四千万年以上,远比恐龙时间更长。(1)A survive BA比B活的时间长survive the accident在事故中幸免于难(2)survivor n.幸存者;逃生者
14、survival n.幸存,生存survival of the fittest适者生存用法点拨survive本身已含有“幸存于,幸免于”的意思,因而其后通常不再加多余的介词in等。,-14-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)Thus,these well-equipped people because they were the fittest.(2016北京卷,七选五)因此,这些装备好的人们活了下来,因为他们是最合适的。(2)Being better at those things meant a greater chance of.(2016北京卷,七选五)擅长做那些事情就意味
15、着更大的生存可能。(3)They searched for day and night after the earthquake.地震之后他们日夜寻找幸存者。(4)She coughed and choked and could hardly her first few weeks.(2016天津卷,完形填空)前几周,她咳嗽得难以呼吸,几乎无法生存。,survived,survival,survivors,survive,-15-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,7.award vt.颁奖,授奖;授予,给予;判定n.奖;奖品,奖状高考佳句 For example,she received the
16、 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world.(2017北京卷,完形填空)比如说,她获得了2007年认可年轻人为改变世界所做出的努力的“金砖国家奖”。(1)award sb.sth./sth.to sb.授予某人某物be awarded for.因而得奖(2)win/receive/get an award for因而赢得/得到/获奖as a reward for(= in reward for)作为报酬/奖赏/报答give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.为
17、某事而给某人报酬,-16-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,易混辨析award,prize与rewardaward“奖,奖金,奖品”,既可做动词也可做名词,指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励,往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。prize“(给予获胜者的)奖赏,奖金,奖品”,多指在各类竞赛、竞争、抽奖或者工作、学习中的优胜者获得的奖励,可以是钱也可以是物;做动词,意为“珍视,对高度重视”。reward“奖赏,报酬,回报,酬谢”,既可做名词也可做动词,指对某人的工作、帮助或服务等的报答或酬金。,-17-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)She a go
18、ld medal due to/for her outstanding service to the public.由于她对公众的杰出服务,她得到了一枚金牌。(2) so many prizes in literature, George felt that his years of efforts were well deserved.在文学中获得了如此多的奖项,乔治认为,他多年的努力是非常值得的。(3)The headmaster presented a bravery to the schoolgirl Caroline Tucker who risked her own life to save her neighbour.校长向女学生卡罗琳塔克颁发了英勇奖状,她冒着生命危险救了她的邻居。,was awarded,Having been awarded,award,-18-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,用reward/award/prize的适当形式填空(4)A(n) will be paid to anyone who brings back the money that he lost.(5)It is the custom of this academy to make a
