1、专题八并列连词和状语从句,考向分析在高考中,针对并列连词的考查主要体现在and,but,or,so等词的用法上。状语从句包括时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等,而高考考查的重点是when,if,because,be-fore,until,since等引导词的用法。,考点一 并列连词,考点二 状语从句,本专题考点,考点清单考点一并列连词单句填空1.I am not afraid of tomorrow, for I have seen yesterday and I love today. 答案for句意:我不惧怕明天,因为我已经看到了昨天并热爱今天。本题考查
2、并列连词。根据语境可知,前后分句为因果关系,故答案为for。,语境运用,2.He is a shy man, but/yet he is not afraid of anything or anyone.答案but/yet句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不害怕任何事,也不害怕任何人。根据句意可知前后两个分句为转折关系,故用but/yet。3.Give me a chance, and Ill give you a wonderful surprise.答案and句意:给我一次机会,我会给你一个惊喜。本题考查并列连词。根据“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式,故填and。,4.Theres no way
3、 of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man,also intelligent,fails.答案while句意:没办法知道为什么有人能够有重大发现,而有的人同样聪明,却不能。while 在这里表示两种情况的对比。,1.and(1)and作并列连词,意为“和,并且”,当连接三个或三个以上并列的成分时,一般在最后两者之间加and,其余用逗号分开。He bought a book and a pen.他买了一本书和一支笔。Solid,liquid and gas are the three states
4、of matter.固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。(2)go(come,stop等)+and+动词,“and+动词”相当于“in order to+动词”。Ill go and bring back your boots.=Ill go in order to bring back your boots.我去把你的靴子拿来。,用法精讲,(3)“动词+and+同一动词”表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”。We waited and waited.我们等呀等。(4)“祈使句+and+陈述句”相当于“if从句+主句”。Work hard and you will succeed.=If you
5、work hard, you will succeed.努力工作,你就会成功。One more time(=Give me one more time)and I will succeed.=If you give me one more time, I will succeed.再给我一次机会,我就会成功。2.or(1)or表示选择,意为“或,还是”。Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡?Are you going to America by boat or by air? 你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机?,(2)“祈使句+or (else)+陈述句”相
6、当于“if.not+主句”。Hurry up, or youll be late for school.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late for school.赶快,否则你上学就要迟到了。Dress warmly, or else youll catch cold. 穿暖和点,否则你会感冒的。3.表示对比、转折关系的并列连词有but,yet,whereas,while等。Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the street just now.简说她生病了,但刚才我在街上看到了她。He likes pop mu
7、sic,while I am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。,Some of the studies show positive results,whereas others do not.有一些研究结果令人满意,然而其他的则不然。此外but还可用于“Im sorry but.”,“Excuse me but.”句型中。I am sorry but I wont be able to come tonight.对不起我今晚不能来。4.表示因果关系的并列连词有so,for等。It must have rained last night,for it is
8、 wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了,因为到处都是湿的。The shops were closed,so I didnt get any milk.商店都关门了,所以我没买到牛奶。,5.when也可用作并列连词,意为“那时,这时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:sb.was doing sth.when.;sb.was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when.;sb.had just done sth.when.。We were having a meeting when someo
9、ne broke in.我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们正打算动身,突然下起了雨。I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.我刚写完作业,Tom就来找我了。6.表示并列关系的并列连词有both.and.,not.but.,either.or.,nei-,ther.nor.,not only.but also.等。He spoke with both kindness and understanding.他说话既亲切又明
10、事理。The point is not who said the words, but whether they are true or not. 关键不是谁说了这些话而是这些话是不是真的。Either you are mad or I am mad.不是你疯了就是我疯了。Neither Tom nor Helen is hard-working.汤姆和海伦都不勤奋。Not only men but also women were chosen.选中的不仅有男性还有女性。,考点二状语从句一、时间状语从句单句填空1.If you dont understand something, you ma
11、y research, study, and talk to other people until/till you figure it out.答案until/till句意:如果你不明白某件事情,你可以去调查、研究并与其他人探讨,直到你弄明白为止。设空处引导时间状语从句,表示“直到为止”,故用until/till。,语境运用,2. As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. 答案As句意:随着人口平均年龄的增长,有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。考查状
12、语从句。根据句意可知此处应用As引导状语从句。3.We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.答案before句意:在能够解决这个问题之前,我们需要找到它的根源所在。根据句意可知用before。,4.It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.答案when句意:半夜,我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我来看足球赛。根据语境可知,设空处引导一个时间状语从句,表示“当的时候”,故
13、填when。单句改错5.It was several minutes after I took in what he was saying. afterbefore 答案afterbefore句意:几分钟后,我才理解他说的是什么。“It+be+一段时间+before.”为时间状语从句的常用句式,意为“过了多久才”,故after改为before。,(一)when,while,as1.从属连词when既可引导一个持续性动作,也可引导一个短暂性动作;可用于主句动作和从句动作同时发生,也可用于从句动作先于主句动作发生。 When I lived there,I used to go to the se
14、ashore on Sundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。When the film ended,the people went back.,用法精讲,电影一结束,看电影的人便回去了。当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用由as引导的省略结构来代替when引导的从句。 As a young man(=When he was a young man),he was fond of hunting.他年轻时喜欢打猎。2.从属连词while引导的动作是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。Please dont talk so
15、loud while others are working.别人在工作时请别那么大声谈话。3.从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成,可译,为“一边,一边”或“随着”。He hurried home,looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙回家去,一边走一边回头望。As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。4.如果主句表示的是短暂性动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,此时when,while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I
16、 was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿大街行走时,碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。,(二)as soon as,immediately,directly,the moment,the minute,the instant和once(一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,常译为“一就”。The moment I heard the voice,I knew my father was coming.一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲快来了。The boy burst into
17、tears immediately he saw his mother.那个男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。注意:no sooner.than.;hardly/scarcely.when.也可表示“一就”,这一结构的时态搭配为:no sooner与hardly/scarcely所在的主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,其所在的,主句应用倒装语序。?(三)till,until和not.until1.肯定句:主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,主句、从句都为肯定式,意为“某动作一直延续
18、到某时间点才停止”。He remained there until/till she arrived.他在那儿一直待到她来。You may stay here until/till the rain stops.,你可以在这里待到雨停。2.否定句:主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。He wont go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回来他才会去睡觉。3.till不可以置于句首,而until可以。Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。4.not until.句型的强调和倒装用法。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首,主句要,部分倒装)直到你告诉我,我才知道此事。(四)before和since1.若表达“还未就;不到就;
