1、被动语态What happened?Who ate the cake?The cake was eaten by somebody.被动语态被动语态The cake was eaten by somebody.1.当不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的当不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时执行者时被动语态被动语态English speakers frequently use the passive voice.2.强调或突出动作的承受者时强调或突出动作的承受者时The passive voice is frequently used by English speakers.动作的执
2、行者动作的承受者A.主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的 _。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的 _。The children ate the cake.The cake was eaten by children.执行者执行者承受者承受者英语动词有两种语态英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态注意：只有注意：只有及物动词及物动词才有被动语态。才有被动语态。实义动词分类实义动词分类说明说明例句例句及物动词及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，才完整的实义动词，用用vt.表示表示I play football every w
3、eek.They ate apples yesterday.不及物动词不及物动词本身意义完整后面不本身意义完整后面不需跟宾语的实义动词，需跟宾语的实义动词，用用vi.表示表示The boy runs fast.被动语态结构：被动语态结构：be+done(过去分词过去分词)+(by)如何从主动语态变为被动语态？如何从主动语态变为被动语态？The boy broke the glass.The glass was broken by the boy.1.1.主语主语2.2.谓语谓语3.3.宾语宾语宾语宾语 介词介词by by 可省略可省略 be+be+过去分词过去分词主语主语We speak En
4、glish.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken (by us).主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态主语主语+am/is/are doneIf he_ enough time,he will come up with an idea.A.gives B.will give C.is given D.will be givenThey cleaned the classroom yesterday.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语The classroom was cleaned (by them)yesterday.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语一般过去时
5、的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态主语主语+was/were doneAwas decoratedare not decided Have you finished your project?This listening material,together with its CD-ROMs,_ well.The factory will have been built (by them)by the end of this month.At present,one of the best ways to study is working in groups.was reachedThe facto
6、ry will have been built (by them)by the end of this month.to come back用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。The tickets had been sold out (by them)when I arrived.主语+情态动词+be doneThe manager saidbe organizing D.当不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时is repairedwill reachThe factory will have been built (by them)by the end of th
7、is month.主语+情态动词+be done这支钢笔写起来很流畅。About 100 houses were destroyed and another 2,500 _in the earthquake.A.damaged B.was damaged C.had damaged D.were damagedDThey will finish the work soon.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语The work will be finished (by them)soon.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态主语主语+will/shall be doneI _ i
8、f I finish the work within one day.A.shall be praised B.would praise C.will praise D.praise A party is going to _ tonight.Would you like to go with me?Id like to,but I have to look after my sick mother.A.organize B.have been organized C.be organizing D.be organizedWe are painting the room now.主语主语谓语
9、谓语宾语宾语The room is being painted (by us)now.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态主语主语+am/is/are being doneHave you got the result of the last examination?Not yet.Weve been told that the papers _.A.are marked B.are being markedC.have been marked D.were markedWe cant use the bridge now,because it _.A.has be
10、en repaired B.is repairing C.is repaired D.is being repaired I was doing the homework at that time.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语The homework was being done (by me)at that time.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态主语主语+was/were being doneAfter school we went to the reading room to do some reading,only to be told that it_.
11、Awas decoratedBhad decoratedChad been decoratingDwas being decoratedDHe has brought his book here.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语His book has been brought (by him)here.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态主语主语+have/has been doneDespite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement_ so far by the two sides.A.has been reached B.
12、was reachedC.will reach D.will have reachedAThey had sold out all the tickets when I arrived.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语The tickets had been sold out (by them)when I arrived.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态主语主语+had been doneThe room is being painted (by us)now.be organizing D.The factory will have been built (by t
13、hem)by the end of this month.We speak English.This pair of shoes _ hand,and it _ very comfortable.They will have built the factory by the end of this month.Weve been told that the papers _.没有被动语态的动词和词组be+done(过去分词)+(by)have not been decidedThey ate apples yesterday.A traffic accident _(happen)just n
14、ow.are made of;feelsAwas decoratedwill be soldThe factory will have been built (by them)by the end of this month.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _.was selling D.主语+was/were doneThey had sold out all the tickets when I arrived.This Monday morning I was informed I_as one of the three ex
15、change students from our college.Ahad been chosen Bwas chosen Chad been choosing Dwas choosingAThey will have built the factory by the end of this month.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语The factory will have been built (by them)by the end of this month.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语将来完成时的被动语态将来完成时的被动语态主语主语+will/shall have been doneThe ma
16、nager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语The project would be completed (by them)by the end of the year.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语过去将来时的被动语态过去将来时的被动语态主语主语+should/would be doneYou must hand in your papers after class.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语Your papers must be handed in 省略省略 after class.主语
17、主语谓语谓语宾语宾语情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态主语主语+情态动词情态动词+be doneI Shegaveboughthimme a book.a beautiful skirt.1）此句型中的谓语动词必须有此句型中的谓语动词必须有两个宾语两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（指物），动作的直接承受者（指物），另一个是动作另一个是动作的间接宾语（指人）。的间接宾语（指人）。2）若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词to 或或for。I gave a book to h
18、im.He bought a beautiful skirt for me.主谓双宾句型主谓双宾句型They made us do all kinds of work.We speak English.主语+was/were doneare made of;feelsThe classroom was cleaned (by them)yesterday.带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语is made with;is feltwould praiseThe passive voice is frequently used by English speakers.主语+will/shall h
19、ave been donewill have reachedwill be soldhave been organizedis selling B.have not been decided后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，用vt.They will have built the factory by the end of this month.Awas decoratedDespite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement_ so far by the two sides.Peking Opera _(sound)beautiful用用to侧重
20、指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。朝着，向着，对着某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助（需借助 to的）的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等等（需借助（需借助for的）的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing等。等。被动语态应注意的问题被动语态应注意的问题1.可
21、接双宾语的动词可接双宾语的动词带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人人”提提前前做主语；将做主语；将“物物”提前则要在提前则要在“人人”的前面加的前面加to或或for.I gave him a book yesterday.-He was given a book(by me)yesterday.-A book was given to him(by me)yesterday.We Iaskedheard him to come backsingsoon.in the next room.有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完有些及物动词加上宾语
22、后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个整，这就需要再加上一个补足语补足语来使句子的意思来使句子的意思完完整整.宾补宾补就是用来就是用来补足宾语意义补足宾语意义，一般置于宾语之，一般置于宾语之后。后。2.带带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语People should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes.Teenagers _ to choose their own clothes.They encourage us to plant more trees.We _ to plant more trees.sh
23、ould be allowedare encouragedask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb.to do sth.结构结构：sb.be asked/told/allowed/encouraged to do sth.3.3.接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态I heard him sing in the next room.-He sing in the next room.They made us do all kinds of work.-We do all kinds of work.was heard towere mad
24、e to使役动词使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词或感官动词(see,hear,watch,等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略to，改为被动改为被动语态时一定要补上语态时一定要补上to。4.4.没有被动语态的动词和词组没有被动语态的动词和词组1)不及物动词如happen,belong to,take place,break out等无被动语态A traffic accident _(happen)just now.happened4.4.没有被动语态的动词和词组没有被动语态的动词和词组2)连系动词无被动语态，如feel/smell/look
25、/sound/taste等。Peking Opera _(sound)beautifulsounds3)wash,write,sell,wear此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态,常用副词 well,easily修饰。这本书销路很好。The book sells well.这衣服较好洗。This dress washes easily.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。The pen writes smoothly.4.4.没有被动语态的动词和词组没有被动语态的动词和词组4)need,demand,want(需要),require,be worth等后用动名词表被动。need/demand/wa
26、nt/require/be worth doingThe desk needs repairing.The novel is worth seeing.4.4.没有被动语态的动词和词组没有被动语态的动词和词组This listening material,together with its CD-ROMs,_ well.A.sells B.sell C.is sold D.are sold Excuse me.Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself.Sorry.The book you ask for_ out.A.is selling B.is sold
27、 C.was selling D.will be sold At present,one of the best ways to study is working in groups.More chances _ to students to learn from each other.A.offer B.are offered C.have offered D.are offering Didnt you see the sign“No Parking!”on the right?Sorry,I didnt.But now I know parking _ here.A.wasnt allo
28、wed B.isnt allowed C.wont allow D.doesnt allowThe child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school.A.is taken B.are taken C.take D.takes Have you finished your project?Not yet.Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes.A.give B.am given C.will give D.will be givenThis pair of s
29、hoes _ hand,and it _ very comfortable.A.is made with;is felt B.are made from;is felt C.are made of;feels D.is made by;feelsWhen and where to go for the on-salary holiday _.A.are not decided B.have not been decided C.is not being decided D.has not been decided-Have you move into the new house?-Not yet,the rooms _.A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting
