1、(状语从句状语从句)一一,什么是状语从句什么是状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语状语从句在复合句中作状语,来说明一件事情发生的时间来说明一件事情发生的时间,地点地点,原因原因,条件条件,结果等结果等.二二,状语从句的分类状语从句的分类时间，地点，条件，原因，让时间，地点，条件，原因，让步步，目的，方式，结果，比较目的，方式，结果，比较一一 时间状语从句时间状语从句 when/wheneverWhen I came into the room,he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写当我进屋时，他正在写信。信。We shall go there whenever we
2、are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。when指的是指的是“某一具体某一具体的时间的时间”。whenever指的是指的是“在在任何一个不具体的时任何一个不具体的时间间”。2 when/while/asWhen 既可指某一时间点既可指某一时间点,也可指也可指一段时间一段时间;while指指“在某一段时间里在某一段时间里”，“在在期间期间”，引导的动作必须是，引导的动作必须是持续性的持续性的;as强调主句和从句的动作同时发强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。生。,翻译成翻译成”一边一边一边一边”When he returned,his wife was coo
3、king.While he was reading,his wife was cooking.As he was reading,he was listening to the radio.注意注意:when/while都可以做并列都可以做并列连词连词,连接并列句连接并列句,when表示表示“就在这时就在这时”和和“was doing”,“had just done”和和“was about to do”连连用用;while则表示转折则表示转折“然而然而”I was walking in the street when suddenly someone patted me on the sho
4、ulder from behind.我正在街上走着，我正在街上走着，就在这时就在这时忽然有忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。人从后面拍我的肩膀。My father was cooking while my mother was playing cards.3“一一就就”As soon as I arrive in Shanghai,Ill write to you.1.upon(on)+V-ing/n.at+n.The crying boy smiled at the sight of his mother.on arriving(leaving,returning)2.immediately+句子句
5、子3.the+时间名词时间名词(minute/moment)+句子句子hardlywhenno soonerthan我刚一到家，就下雨了。我刚一到家，就下雨了。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.=No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.4 before It will be+一段时间一段时间+before从句从句(does)要过要过才能做才能做It will not be+一段时间一段时间+befo
6、re从句从句 要不了要不了 就能做就能做It was+一段时间一段时间+before从句从句(did)过了过了做了做了It was not+一段时间一段时间+before从句从句(did)没过没过做了做了5 sinceIt is/has been+一段时间一段时间since 从从句句(did)It is 10 years since I smoked.(=I gave up smoking/dropped smoking)自从我不抽烟已有自从我不抽烟已有1010年了年了.延续性动词延续性动词:反过来翻译反过来翻译短暂性动词短暂性动词:直译直译6 till/until(在句首、与在句首、与not
7、无间隔连用及无间隔连用及在强调句中只用在强调句中只用until)We waited till(until)he came back.我们一我们一直等到他回来。直等到他回来。She didnt stop working until eleven oclock.她到她到11点钟才停止工作。点钟才停止工作。如主句动词是如主句动词是延续性动作延续性动作，常用，常用肯定式，肯定式，表示表示“直到直到为止为止”;如主句动词是如主句动词是瞬间动瞬间动词词，常用，常用否定式否定式，表示，表示“直到直到才才”not until 句型 与强调句型结合I didnt go to sleep until he cam
8、e back.与倒装句式结合It was not until he came back that I went to sleep.Not until he came back did I go to sleep.三三 原因状语从句原因状语从句because/sincebecause表示直接的原因表示直接的原因,具有很强的具有很强的因果关系因果关系,专门回答对专门回答对 “why”的提的提问问;since=now that,表示很明显的表示很明显的原因原因,翻译成翻译成“既然既然”，通常放句首，通常放句首;Eg:It was because his mother was badly ill th
9、at he was unhappy.Since everyone knows it,I will not say anything.for 不是从属连词，而是不是从属连词，而是并列连并列连词词。它不是用来说明原因，而。它不是用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种附带或补充解是用来表示一种附带或补充解释、说明，不放在句首。释、说明，不放在句首。The day breaks,for the birds are singing.四四 条件状语从句条件状语从句1,连接词：连接词：if,unless(ifnot),so/as long as,2,注意点：注意点：分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，分清真实条件句和非真
10、实条件句，非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气If I were you,I would ask the police for help.条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时来时在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事表示与事实相反的条件和结果。实相反的条件和结果。1)1)与现在事实相反：与现在事实相反：If If 从句从句 ,主句主句 +V+V原原 2)2)与过去事实相反：与过去事实相反：If If 从句从句had Vedhad Ved,主句主句 +have Ved+have Ved3)3)与将来事实相反：与将来事实相
11、反：If If 从句从句 ,主句主句 +V+V原原wereV-edshould(wouldcould,might)should(wouldcould,might)didshouldwere toshould(wouldcould,might)1、表示与、表示与现在现在事实相反的假设和结果事实相反的假设和结果eg.If I were you,I would go at once.我是你的话，我会马上走。我是你的话，我会马上走。eg.If my brother were here,everything would be all right.要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问
12、题了。2.表示与表示与过去过去事实相反的假设或结果事实相反的假设或结果eg.If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would/could/might have met the famous singer.如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。eg.If I had had the money last week,I should/would/could/might have bought a car.如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买（
13、可能）买1 1辆车。辆车。3、表示与、表示与将来将来事实可能相反的假设和结果事实可能相反的假设和结果eg.If it were sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。If it should rain,the crops would be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。五五
14、 目的状语从句目的状语从句so that/in order that引导目的状语引导目的状语从句从句,常用情态动词常用情态动词may(might)/can(could)/should 等连用等连用.I raised my voice so that everyone could hear me.六六 结果状语从句结果状语从句 so that/sothat/suchthatI raised my voice,so that everyone heard me.He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.She told us such an inte
15、resting story that we all forgot the time.sothat的的so后面后面跟形容词或副跟形容词或副词词;such 在主句中在主句中修饰名词修饰名词Draw a cat as I taught you.按照我教你的画一只猫。Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你做的去做。七 方式状语从句as，按照或正如，按照或正如They treat the black boy as if(though)he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。as if/as though好象好象,似乎似乎 八 让步状语从句 though/alt
16、hough不能与不能与but连用连用,但可与但可与yet或或still连用连用Although(Though)he was over sixty,(yet)he began to learn French.even if/even though“即使即使,纵使纵使”有有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。中。Ill go even if(though)it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去即使明天下雨，我也要去。no matter+疑问词疑问词/whever as 倒装句倒装句 Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是
17、一个孩子，但他懂得很多。尽管他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as it is,(=Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.尽管天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。尽管天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。Do it no matter what others say.No matter how busy he was,he studied English every day.asas引出的状语从句多用于引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用书面语，它比用thoughthough引引导的从句，语气强，更有导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，表现力，从
18、句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。语序部分倒装。九 比 较 状 语 从 句 asas not so as the same as suchas thanHis book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样。Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。倍数表达法倍数表达法 他们的房子是我们的两倍他们的房子是我们的两倍.Their room is twice bigger than ours.Their room is twice as big as ours.Their room is twice the size of ours.Length/height/weight/width
