1、Subjunctive moodGrammar一、语气的分类一、语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。陈述语气陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.祈祈使语气使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.关于陈述语气 1What will you do if
2、 it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气 2关于祈使语气 1关于祈使语气 2关于祈使语气 3关于祈使语气 4 虚拟语气虚拟语气If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.一：虚拟语气在条件状语一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的从句中的用法。用法。真实条件句真实条件句:如果假设的情况可能发生，如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语
3、用陈述是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气语气 If time permits,well go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。虚拟条件句虚拟条件句:如果假设的情况是不存如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。条件句。注意注意:在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气.条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来V.+ed(were)had donewou
4、ld/could/should/might+V(原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ed.2.should+V.(原原)3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.(原原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法if if引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句If+主主+did(were),主主+would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形If I were you,I would try it again.If he were free,he would go wit
5、h you.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果他有空，他会与你一起去的如果他有空，他会与你一起去的。3.3.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars,I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主主+had done sth,主主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard,he would have passed th
6、e examination.1.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If he had been there,he could have seen the filmIf I had married her,I would have been unhappy.3.3.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。2.2.如果他那时在那儿的话，他就能看到那部电影了。如果他那时在那儿的话，他就能看到那部电影了。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时
7、间状语通常有时间状语)If he came here tomorrow,I would tell him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow,I would tell him.1.1.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事我会告诉他这件事.2.2.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他我会告诉他.If+主主+did(were to/should do),主主+would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形条件状语的倒装：条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有如果条件状语中有were,had,should时时,可以倒
8、可以倒装成：装成：Were/Should/Had +主主+其他其他Were I you,I would try it again.Had he been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.Should it snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.If I were you,I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go ou
9、t.1.如果你早来如果你早来5 5分钟分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。你就赶上这趟车了。If you _ here five minutes earlier,you _ the bus.2.如果我现在不忙如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。我就来帮你了。If I _ not busy,I _ you now.3.如果明天下雪了如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？我们怎么办？What _ we do if it _tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshouldwere to snowwould have caughtIf I _ busy last night,I _ to see thef
10、ilm with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he _ more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday.would not have had had driven If I _(know)your telephone number,I _ (telephone)you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned注意注意:主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句混合条件句):):有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句有时条件从句中的动作和结果与
11、主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。以调整。If I were you,I would have taken his advice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去从句表示现在，主句表示过去从句表示过去，主句表示现在从句表示过去，主句表示现在从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行If you had listened to me,you might not be in such trouble now.If it hadnt been raining those days,w
12、e should be going on with the works.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。工作了。如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。If you had followed my advice,you would be able to finish the work now.（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）If I were you,I would have gone to her birthday party.（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）（从句说明现在
13、，主句说明过去。）1._ he come,the problem would be settled.A.would B.should C.shall D.if 2._,man could not live at all.A.were it not for the sun.B.if it was for the sun.C.had it not been for the sun.D.if it shouldnt be for the sun.B A 3._,everything would have been all right.A.Had he been here B.Here he had
14、been C.Been here he had D.Had he here 4._ fired,your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.would you be B.should you be C.could you be D.might you be A B 名词性从句中要求名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词用虚拟语气的动词 suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,advice etc.引引导的宾语从句
15、要用虚拟语气，以导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should)+v原原的形式出现。的形式出现。We all suggest that he(should)finish his homework first.The captain commanded that all the sailors (should)get down to work at once.常见动词常见动词:一个坚持一个坚持,两个命令两个命令,三个建议三个建议,四个要求。即四个要求。即1)insist 2)order,command 3)advise,suggest,propose4)demand,require,request,
16、askIts suggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that 后后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以以 (should)+v原原.的形式出现。的形式出现。Its ordered that only German (should)be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin.Its requested that all the students(should)wear school uniforms at
17、school.以上这些动词的以上这些动词的名词形式名词形式后面的后面的表语从句表语从句 和同位语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should)+v(should)+v原原.的形式出现。的形式出现。My suggestion is that you(should)go home first before coming here.My advice is that you(should)practise speaking English as often as possible His request that he(should)be paid by the
18、hour is completely reasonable.The order came that the work(should)be finished two days ahead of time 他要求他按小时付费，这是合情他要求他按小时付费，这是合情合理的。合理的。有命令说工作要提前两天完成。有命令说工作要提前两天完成。注意注意:当当suggest 表示表示“暗暗示示”;insist表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为”时时不用虚拟！不用虚拟！His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.I insist that he was wrongHis silence
19、 suggested that he agreed with my decision He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.wishwish引导的虚拟句引导的虚拟句1.wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在:过去时过去时(were)过去过去:过去完成时过去完成时(had done)未来未来:would/could/might+V.(原原)should我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。I wish I were ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。我
20、昨天要是遇见他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。我希望成为一名科学家。I wish I would be a scientist.I wish I were as tall as YaoMing.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟:从句动词从句动词常用常用“had过去分词过去分词”。The party was terrible,I
21、 wish I had never gone to it.I wish it would rain tomorrow.“Have you visited the Science Museum?”“No,but I really wish I _.”A.had B.did C.have D.willI didnt go to the party,but I do wish I _there.A.was B.were C.had been D.wentI wish I _ you yesterday.A.see B.did see C.had seen D.were to see The pict
22、ure exhibition bored me to death.I wish I_to it.A.hadnt gone B.havent goneC.didnt go D.could not have goneHow I wish I _that!Everybody present was angry with me.A.didnt go B.hadnt done C.wouldnt do D.wasnt doing虚拟语气特殊句型：1.would rather that现在现在:过去过去:未来未来:I would rather you paid me now.I would rather
23、I hadnt come yesterday.I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时2.as if/though+从句从句 现在现在：过去过去：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时 She loves the baby as if it were her own son.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。They talked as if they had been friends for
24、 years.他看上去像是醉了。他看上去像是醉了。He looks as if he were drunk.她看起来似乎是冰做的。她看起来似乎是冰做的。she looked as if she were made of ice.注意：注意：如果表示的事情可能如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。谓语动词可用陈述语气。It looks as if you are tired.我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。3.Its(about/high)time+that过去时过去时(were)should(不省不省)+V.你该走了。你该走了。Its high
25、 time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.4.Its necessary/strange/natural/important/pity/no wonder/impossible+that 从句从句,从句中的动词要用虚拟从句中的动词要用虚拟,即即(should)+动词原形动词原形我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。It
26、 is important that we(should)master a foreign language.很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.我们有必要努力学习。我们有必要努力学习。Its necessary that we should study hard.5.虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句 中中,“要是要是就好了就好了”If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying
27、 bird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！要是我看过那部电影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!6.without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。but for要不是要不是Without sunlight,peoples life would be different from today.But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work.Without your help,I would have failed.But for water,it
28、would be impossible to live in the desert.7.otherwise 和和supposing也可以引也可以引导虚拟语气。例如：导虚拟语气。例如：The storm stopped,otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.Suppose(supposing)your friends knew how you are behaving here,what would they think?8.在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语
29、气中。If it were not for the rain,the crops would die.要不是你的帮助要不是你的帮助,我们就不可能提前完成任务。我们就不可能提前完成任务。If it had not been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help=Without your help=Had it not been for your help,错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。发生
30、的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。*近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955,the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious.A.wouldnt be B.will not have beenC.wouldnt have been D.would have not bee
31、nA 如果你采纳了我的建议如果你采纳了我的建议,你现在就会好得多。你现在就会好得多。If you had followed my advice,you would be better now.如果你之前努力学习了如果你之前努力学习了,你现在就是一名大学你现在就是一名大学生生,四年后就会大学毕业了。四年后就会大学毕业了。If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now,and you would graduate from a college in four years time.假设条件虚拟倒装。假设条件虚拟倒装
32、。条件从句中有条件从句中有should,were,had三个助动词三个助动词,可以把可以把 if 省略省略,并将这并将这三个词提至句首。三个词提至句首。_ she a man,she might be elected president.A.If were B.Were C.Be D.IsB If I had time,I would come.If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.Had I time,I would come.Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.含
33、蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without,or,otherwise,but for等词隐含某种假设。I lost your address,otherwise I_ you long before.A.had visited B.have visited C.would have visited D.should visitC 没有你的帮助没有你的帮助,我们就不会实验成功。我们就不会实验成功。Without your help,we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要不是这场雨要不是这场雨,我们就完成工作了。我们就完成工作了。But for the
34、rain,we would have finished the work.常见的几种固定句式。如If only,insist,suggest及Its time/necessary/important that从句等等。If only I _ to my parents advice!A.listening B.listen C.am listening D.had listenedHis silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan.A.shouldnt agree B.wouldnt agree C.hadnt agreed
35、D.didnt agreeD D The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6.A.was finished B.will finish C.be finished D.shall be finishedIts high time he _ home.A.goes B.went C.will go D.is going to goEven if he _(be)here,he couldnt solve the problem.A.was B.were C.be D.is C B B The volleyball ma
36、tch will be put off if it _.A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained解析解析:真实条件句主句为将来时真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。从句用一般现在时。B1.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday.(NMET 06)A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.had happened高考链接高考链接D2.-Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but
37、to New York?-I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.(05江苏江苏)A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;whatB3.If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to,Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.(05湖北湖北)A.would B.could C.had t
38、o D.ought toB4.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.(全国卷全国卷)A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;didnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have gotD5.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.(全国卷全国卷)A.has come B.did come C.came D.had comeDHomework1.Remember the rules of Subjunctive mood.2.Do Exercises 2,3 on page 5.
