1、I.Evolving Library Jobs and Organization Structures 图书馆工作及组织机构变革图书馆工作及组织机构变革II.Library Staff Qualifications and Competences图书馆员资格和业务能力图书馆员资格和业务能力III.Staff Recruitment,Training and Evaluation 图书馆工作人员招收图书馆工作人员招收,培训和评估培训和评估 Administration 行政行政 Public Services 公共服务公共服务 Technical Services 技术服务技术服务Adminis
2、tration 行政行政Access Services 获取服务获取服务Outreach Services 参考咨询参考咨询Collection Development 资源建设资源建设Information Literacy 信息素质信息素质Web Services 网页管理网页管理Technical Services 技术服务技术服务Acquisition,Cataloging,Serials 采购，采购，编目，编目，期刊期刊Digitization Center 数字化中心数字化中心Special Collections 特藏特藏Archives 档案档案Special Collecti
3、ons 善本书善本书Vatican Film Library 梵帝冈缩微胶片梵帝冈缩微胶片Automation/System 自动化自动化/系统系统Branch Libraries 分馆分馆 Offsite storage 密藏书库密藏书库(Medical Library,Law Library*)Professional Librarians 专业图书馆员 Faculty status 教员地位 Tenure 终身制 Non-tenure 非终身制 Non faculty status 非教员地位 Librarian I-IV Support staff/Paraprofessionals
4、职员/非馆员 Salary paid 月工资 Hourly paid 双周制工资 Part-time student assistants 半职学生工Reference Librarian 参考咨询馆员Subject Librarian 学科馆员 Acquisition Librarian 采购馆员Cataloger 分类编目馆员Serial Librarian 期刊馆员Electronic Resource Librarian 电子期刊馆员Access Services Librarian 流通馆员？ILL Librarian 馆藉互借馆员Archivist 档案馆员 Digitizatio
5、n Librarian 数字馆员Special Collection Librarian 特殊典藏馆员特殊典藏馆员System Librarian 系统馆员Reference Librarian 参考咨询馆员Liaison Librarian 联系人Subject Librarian 学科馆员Business Librarian 商业学科馆员Government Document Librarian 政府出版物馆员Faculty Librarian 教员馆员Departmental Librarian 院系图书馆员Collection Development Librarian 馆藏建设馆员L
6、ibrary Instruction librarian 课程指导馆员Requirements 素质资格 Bachelors Degree 本科学位 MLS图书馆学硕士学位 Second Masters Degree or more 第二硕士学位或者更高学位Responsibilities 职责范围 General Reference 参考咨询 Collection Development 馆藏建设 Library Instruction/Information Literacy 图书馆教学指导，信息素质培养 Liaison 院系联络人 iCommons 信息共享空间 Research&Pol
7、icies 研究，政策制定 Library Associates 图书馆助理 Unit Supervisors Library Assistants 图书馆助理 Daily routines Other Supporting Staff System support staff 图书馆系统技术员 Business manager 财务总监/人事管理人员 Administrative Assistants/行政助理 Secretary/秘书Research 学者研究学者研究(Job Analysis 工作招聘广告分析工作招聘广告分析)Xu,Hong:American Libraries 1971
8、-1990Xu,H.(2019).The impact of automation on job requirements and qualifications for catalogers and reference librarians in academic libraries.Library Resources and Technical Services.5(Jan,2019),9-31.Lynch and Smith:College&Research Libraries (1973-2019)Lynch,B.P.&Smith,K.R.(2019).The changing natu
9、re of work in academic libraries.College&Research Libraries.62(Sept.),407-420.Cardina and Wicks (1991-2019)Cardina,C.&Wicks,D.(2019).The changing role of academic reference librarians over a ten-year period.Reference and User Services Quarterly.44(2),133-142.Choi and Rasmusse(2019-2019)Choi,Y&Rasmus
10、sen,E.(2009).What qualifications and skills are important for digital librarian positions in academic libraries?A job advertisement analysis.The Journal of Academic Librarianship.35(5),457-467.Professional Librarian Job Categories 1.Administration(deans,directors,AULs,etc.)管理人员Head of a subject/bran
11、ch library(Chemistry,art,East Asian,etc.)Head of a library dept.(function:access services,reference,cataloging,etc.)2.General and subject reference,instruction,collection development librarians 参考咨询馆员3.Technical services(acquisitions,cataloger,and serials)技术服务馆员4.Special collections(any position),go
12、vernment documents,rare books,archives,media etc.特藏馆员5.Information System(automation,networks,systems,etc.)系统馆员 Summary based on Lynch and Smith,2019)Trends Automation is driving force 自动化是推动力 Technology is catalyst 科学技术是催化剂-internet,web 2.0 tools,digitization Catalogers-63%decline(1990-2019)Access
13、Services Expanded Circulation Emerging Positions 新兴职位 (Web master,Electronic Resource Librarian,Digital Librarian)Characters:特点 Access 获取信息资料 Physical Space 学习空间 (Building)Physical Materials 实物载体 (Print Materials,Media Collection,Microform,etc.)Shipment and Document Delivery 资料传送和文献转递 Reinforce Libr
14、ary Polices 执行政策 Routine work 日常工作Units(工作单元)Circulation 流通 Interlibrary Loan/Document Delivery 馆籍互借/文献传递 Course Reserves/Electronic Reserves 教学参考暂存服务？Stacks Maintenance/Collection Management 书库管理 Building Monitor 开馆闭馆，安全保卫 Distance Education 远程教育“Libraries have to move from acquisition as the prima
15、ry and central goal to access.”图书馆不得不从以采购采购为中心的目标转向已获取获取为中心。-Robert Darnton,Director of Harvard University LibraryBlended Librarian：“An academic librarian who combines the traditional skill set of librarianship with the information technologists hardware/software skills,and the instructional or educ
16、ational designers ability to apply technology appropriately in the teaching-learning process”-Sinclair,2009,p.504 全/多能馆员:具备图书馆传统工作能力,又能在图书馆工作及指导教学设计过程中熟练运用现代技术的大学图书馆员Triage 服务优化/信息筛选？“As the librarians became specialists,support staff needed to become generalists”Fama&Martin,2009 随着图书馆员变成专家，图书馆职员要变成
17、多面手 Competences 能力能力 Knowledge 知识知识 Skills 技能技能 Experiences 经验Job Advertisement(Reference Librarian)MLIS,MSLIS 美国图协认可的图书馆学硕士学位 ALA Core Competences 美国图协核心业务能力 Behavioral Competences 行为能力Foundations of the ProfessionInformation ResourcesOrganization of Recorded Knowledge and InformationTechnological
18、Knowledge and SkillsReference and User ServicesResearchContinuing Education and Lifelong LearningAdministration and Management 职业基础 信息资源 信息组织 技术才能 读者服务 学术研究 继续教育 行政与管理ALA Competences,MLS Programs,Digital Librarian RequirementsALA 业务能力指南业务能力指南,图书馆学科目，图书馆学科目，数字图书馆员要求数字图书馆员要求Table.The ALA-accredited pr
19、ogram in line with the core competenciesJob requirement relating to behavioral descriptions:招聘广告中描述语Communications skills(include oral and/or written)表达交流能力表达交流能力 (包括口头表达和书写能力包括口头表达和书写能力)Interpersonal skills 人际交往技能人际交往技能Service orientation/public service 服务精神服务精神Work effectively with faculty,student
20、s,and staff 与教职员与教职员,学生打成一片学生打成一片Collegial environment 平等互助环境平等互助环境Creative/creativity 独创力独创力Energetic/enthusiastic/outgoing 工作热忱工作热忱Flexibility 灵活性灵活性Team member/team environment 团队精神团队精神Work in a changing,dynamic,expanding environment 应变能力应变能力-Lynch and Smith,2019Leadership Skills 领导才能“Leadership
21、is an action not a position”领导是行动不是职位经理经理领导领导管理激励复制独创重点-结构重点-人员依靠控制引发信任短期计划长期规划问题：怎样，何时问题：为何，什么 接受挑战做好好事情做对对事情 Manager as a couch and a substitute 基层管理者双重身份 教练 替补队员Physical Requirements体力要求ADA Americans with Disabilities Act 美国残疾人议案Recruitment in Digital Age招聘准则1.The capacity to learn constantly and
22、 quickly 可塑性可塑性2.Flexibility 灵活性灵活性3.An innate skepticism 怀疑性怀疑性4.A propensity to take risks 冒险性冒险性5.An abiding public service perspective 服务至上服务至上6.An appreciation of what others bring to the effort and an ability to work with them effectively 欣赏别人的劳动欣赏别人的劳动/团队精神团队精神7.Skill at enabling and fosterin
23、g change 促变能力促变能力8.The capacity and desire to work independently 独立性独立性9.People will be able to work cooperatively with others under little supervision 协作精神，协作精神，自觉自律自觉自律(Tennant,2019)Training/Cross Training 工作培训 On-the-job training在职培训 Job rotation 岗位轮换 Classroom-type instruction课堂讲座指导课堂讲座指导 Role playing扮演角色Evaluation 评估Support Staff Annual Appraisal 职员年终评估 Detailed job descriptions 详细工作描述 Accomplishments for the past year 去年的工作成绩 Goals and Objectives for the future 未来的目标Recognition Appreciative 奖励与欣赏谢谢！
