1、膜制造与分离组件膜过程的驱动力压力驱动-RO,NF，UF,MF其它过程-渗析（浓度差）电渗析（电位差）压力驱动的膜过滤膜 MF UF NF RO孔尺寸减小泵压力增加 高分子材料(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).铸膜液制备：聚合物+有机溶剂(NMP,DMF,acetone等易与水互溶).添加其它助剂(pore-formers or non-solvents).凝固浴（主要用水和其它聚合物不良溶剂构成，通过相分离产生the pores 和the membrane body)必需品 PES聚合物 NMP 溶剂 水 玻璃片 刮膜器 NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚Poly Sulfon(PS)PS i
2、n NMP solutionCleaning glassplates importantglassplatesSubmerge in a MBR tankOutside In VS Inside OutPre-treatment of the feed(flocculation/coagulation,pH adjustment)+/-various configurationsAir injectionconcentrateForward FlushDeadend and CrossflowMore than one membraneOut of the waterhigh(er)energ
3、y consumptionWaste waterbubble flow(比赛中)犯规;4.Fouling reduction/cleaningPorous asymmetricMove very gently to left铸膜液制备：聚合物+有机溶剂(NMP,DMF,acetone等易与水互溶).-渗析（浓度差）电渗析（电位差）Filling the knife with PS solutionMembrane knife(0,2 mm)Creating a membrane filmPut slowly in the water for.Move very gently to leftMe
4、mbrane properties and module designFilling the knife with PS solutionCreating a membrane filmm(Rc+Rg+Rp+Rm)Plate and Frame Module高分子材料(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).Creating a membrane filmIn general concentrated feed solutions containing large particles(size 10 nm 25 m).恶臭的;(食物)腐败的;3.Membrane modulePorous asymm
5、etricFouling in NF/ROOutside In VS Inside OutPlastic tube with a slid(prefabricated)Polysulfone(PS)Module shapesFilling the knife with PS solutionMembrane structureColloid/proteinPlastic tube with a slid(prefabricated)Make a module of itSpiral WoundMembrane is floating after coagulationAfter coagula
6、tionTake of a membraneOut of the waterThe photo of the produced membraneMake sheets of it in a moduleMake a module of itMore than one membraneSubmerge in a MBR tank Porous vs Non Porous Hydrophilic vs Hydrophobic Polymeric vs InorganicHydrophilic亲水 Hydrophobic疏水Porous Non PorousSymmetric Asymmetric
7、Dense(Non porous)Porous SymmetricPorous asymmetricRO,NFUF,MFMFSkinSupportPorous Symmetric MembranesNuclepore Membrane核径迹成孔核径迹成孔Cellulose MembraneFiber Supportfouling layerFlow directionPore-plugging,adsorption and cake-layer formationMembrane modulePolysulfone(PS)Membrane moduleWaste waterFiber Supp
8、ortForward Flushhydraulic cleaning(backwash,forward flush and airflush)chemical cleaningOut of the waterWaste waterasymmetricRejection by UF/MF membranesBackwash(=Backflush)NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚恶臭的;(食物)腐败的;3.continuous concentrate dischargeOutside In VS Inside OutSeparation of resistance factors to Cake,G
9、el,Plugging,Membrane.Symmetric membraneAsymmetric MembranesDense LayerPorous supportFiber SupportPore sizeCeramic membrane pictures(CEM)Membrane structure structure:symmetric asymmetric shapes:flat sheet tubular:tube(d 3 mm)capillary (0.5 d 3.0 mm)hollow fibre(d 0.5 mm)Module shapes Flat Sheet Spira
10、l Wound Tubular Hollow Fiber Contained vs SubmergedFlat sheet moduleMembraneFeedResiduePermeatePermeate014-DWG-MWPlate and Frame ModuleUFPolyacrylo nitrile(PAN)Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVF)Polysulfone(PS)Sulfonated Polysulfone(SPS)Tubular and capillary membranes Tubular membranewww.vito.beTubular mem
11、branes(contained)Hollow Fiber(capillar)Outside In VS Inside OutFrom Catalog of TorayOut of the waterFouling reduction/cleaningWaste waterPre-treatment of the feed(flocculation/coagulation,pH adjustment)Outside In VS Inside OutNMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚hydraulic cleaning(backwash,forward flush and airflush)More
12、 than one membraneForward FlushRecently NFYou can make your own spiral wound module today!Membrane filtration semi dead-endWaste water弄脏;污染;玷污;2.Hydrophilic vs HydrophobicColloid/proteinm(Rc+Rg+Rp+Rm)Fiber SupportHydrophilic vs HydrophobicHigher energy demandMembrane filtration dead-end-渗析（浓度差）电渗析（电
13、位差）Capillary 8 inch moduleMonolith (demo)Inorganic Membranes-CeramicMF,UFRecently NF-Porous glass-ZirconiumSpiral-Wound RO/NF ModuleFlow INSpacerMembranePermeateConcentrateCollection pipeFeed flowFeed flowPerm eate flowMem braneMem braneFeed spacerFeed spacerResidue flowPerm eate015-DW G-MWYou can m
14、ake your own spiral wound module today!Two A4 papers Cotton sheet A4(if available)Shears to cut Glue for paper Plastic tube with a slid(prefabricated)Outside In VS Inside OutMembrane filtration semi dead-endNMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚添加其它助剂(pore-formers or non-solvents).Plate and Frame ModuleFlat sheet moduleco
15、ntrol of cake-layer build-upAir injectionModule shapesWaste waterTubular and capillary membranesInorganic MembranesIn general concentrated feed solutions containing large particles(size 10 nm 25 m).Backwash(=Backflush)Production of permeate decreases at constant TMPmacromoleculeOptimum process condi
16、tions(low TMP)Fiber SupportLinear polymerDeadend and CrossflowPorous Symmetric Membraneshigh(er)energy consumptionReverse Osmose-installation+/-various configurationsFeedPermeatePermeateFeedRetentateDead endCross-flowDeadend and CrossflowOperation modesMembrane filtration dead-endMembraneWaste water
17、PermeatefeedMembrane filtration cross flowWaste waterPermeateconcentratefeedmembraneAir injectionDead-end FiltrationtimeCross-flow filtrationtimeSemi dead-end filtrationCross-flow filtration Advantages:turbulent flowcontinuous concentrate dischargecontrol of cake-layer build-up Disadvantages:more co
18、mplex process layouthigh(er)energy consumptionhigh(er)investment costCascade single pass systemFeedRetentateConcentrateTwo-stage recirculation systemConcentrateFeedPermeatePermeateStage 1Stage 2Feed pumpRecirculation pumpFouling of membranes Fouling Reversible fouling Irreversible fouling Biofouling
19、 Pore blocking Scalingfoul a.1.肮脏的,污浊的;2.恶臭的;(食物)腐败的;3.邪恶的,可恶的;4.下流的,恶语咒骂的;5.(天气等)恶劣的;(风)逆的;6.(比赛中)犯规的;7.(水管等)堵塞的;8.(绳索等)被缠住的ad.1.违反规则地;不正当地n.1.(比赛中)犯规C(+against/on)vt.1.弄脏;污染;玷污;2.使堵塞;3.缠住;4.碰撞vi.1.腐败,腐烂;2.(管道等)堵塞(+up);3.(比赛中)犯规;4.(绳索等)缠结Filling the knife with PS solutionRejection(%)Two A4 papersFi
20、ber SupportApplicated for higher MLSS contentsBackwash(=Backflush)Fiber SupportDead-end with backflushLinear polymerMove very gently to leftCeramic tubesTwo A4 papersPre-treatment of the feed(flocculation/coagulation,pH adjustment)Shears to cutPore blockingWaste waterMembrane filtration dead-end添加其它
21、助剂(pore-formers or non-solvents).Forward FlushNuclepore MembraneSpiral WoundPorous vs Non PorousResistance ModelI=ER1+R2+R3ER1R2R3IRmRcRgRpJvJv=DPm(Rc+Rg+Rp+Rm)Separation of resistance factors to Cake,Gel,Plugging,Membrane.Rejection by UF/MF membranesGlobular ProteinLinear polymerSolutePepsinCytochr
22、ome CPolydextranMW(kDa)3513100Rejection(%)90700 Porous supportSelective membrane skinGlobularproteinLinearmacromoleculeCake layer formationMembraneParticleColloid/proteinCake/fouling layerFlow directionDriving forcepFouling in MF/UFDecrease in flux due to:Pore-plugging,adsorption and cake-layer form
23、ation No concentration polarization of salts no scaling In general concentrated feed solutions containing large particles(size 10 nm 25 m).This results in low back-diffusion rates,fast cake layer build-up and pore blocking low product-fluxes(1/10 of the CWF)Complex cake layer structureFouling in NF/
24、ROFouling behavior differs from UF/MF due to:Lower fluxes and presence of smaller molecules higher back-diffusion and in general no thick cake layer formation Charged membrane surfaces(in general negative)adsorption of colloids and biological matter Scaling(CaSO4,CaCO3)Fouling reduction/cleaning Mem
25、brane properties and module design Optimum process conditions(low TMP)Cleaning regimehydraulic cleaning(backwash,forward flush and airflush)chemical cleaningrelaxation Pre-treatment of the feed(flocculation/coagulation,pH adjustment)Backwash(=Backflush)SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration modeBackfl
26、ushing modeto drainFluxTimewith backflushingwithout0negative flowSuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration modeBackflushing modeto drainFluxTimewith backflushingwithout0negative flowBackwash(=Backflush)Forward Flush productionforward flushmacromoleculeMembrane properties and module designWaste waterMembr
27、ane modulebubble flowOut of the waterHydrophilic vs HydrophobicTake of a membrane恶臭的;(食物)腐败的;3.Decrease in flux due to:concentrateLinear polymerDriving forceDead-end with backflushBackwash with airflush results in lower permeate usePorous Symmetric Membranes(比赛中)犯规C(+against/on)Rejection(%)Deadend a
28、nd CrossflowOperation modesSulfonated Polysulfone(SPS)Forward FlushBack Flush productionforward flush&back flushpermeateAirFlushbubble flowslug flowannular flowForward Flush with airflush productionforward flush with airflush&backflushMembrane filtration semi dead-endMembraneWaste waterPermeatefeedD
29、ead-end production-run,startpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeatefeedMembrane moduleDead-end at end of production runBuilding up fouling layerProduction of permeate decreases at constant TMPpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeatefeedDead-end with backflushBackflush with permeate duringproductionconcentratefeedp
30、ermeatepermeatepermeatepermeateDead-end with backwash&airflushAir injectionfeedpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeateBackwash with airflush results in lower permeate useAir injectionMembrane filtration cross flowWaste waterPermeateconcentratefeedmembraneAir injectionCross flow High sheering forces in memb
31、rane module Low fouling layer build up Higher energy demand Higher recovery Applicated for higher MLSS contentsColloid/proteinOut of the waterBackwash(=Backflush)Building up fouling layerNMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚glassplates铸膜液制备：聚合物+有机溶剂(NMP,DMF,acetone等易与水互溶).Fouling behavior differs from UF/MF due to:contin
32、uous concentrate dischargeBack FlushModule shapesCleaning regimeFlat sheet moduleMembrane modulePolysulfone(PS)Optimum process conditions(low TMP)Air injectionMembrane filtration semi dead-endDead-end FiltrationPlastic tube with a slid(prefabricated)Spiral WoundPolydextranAt t=156 hAt t=372 hThe eff
33、ect of backwash on permeate production:Spiral WoundPolysulfone(PS)高分子材料(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).Outside In VS Inside Outhollow fibre(d 0.glassplatesPorous asymmetric+/-various configurationsLinear polymerBuilding up fouling layerFiber SupportTake of a membrane邪恶的,可恶的;4.m(Rc+Rg+Rp+Rm)Rejection(%)In general concentrated feed solutions containing large particles(size 10 nm 25 m).高分子材料(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).(管道等)堵塞(+up);3.Membrane is floating after coagulationLinear polymerDead-end with backflushAsymmetric Membranes谢谢观看！
