1、三、逻辑主语：是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者；它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系，但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语，因此叫逻辑主语。充当充当除谓语动词以外除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的各种句子成分（二）（二）1.The plane crashed，_ all 200 people aboard.A.killed B.having killed C.killing D.had killed2.The plane crashed，and it_ all 200 people aboard.A.killed B.having killed C.killing D.had killed（二）找逻辑主语
2、（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.4.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he told his colleagues about it.一一般来说，作般来说，作状语状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；的非谓语
3、动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作作宾补宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作作定语定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。分词作状语分词作状语分词作状语让步 原因 条件 结果 时间伴随方式 分词作状语功能表分词作状语功能表表示的范围表示的范围相当的状语从句相当的状语从句1.时间时间2.原因原因3.条件条件4.让步让步5.方式方式/伴随伴随时间状语从句时间状语从句原因原因 状状 语语条件条件 状状 语语让步状让步状 语语没有合适的状语没有合适的状语A.现在分词作状语学与练现在分词作状语学与练 把划线部分改写成分词短语把划线部分改写成分词短
4、语并说明其功能并说明其功能 1.When they saw their teacher,the students stood up.Seeing their teacher,the students stood up.*现在分词动作的发出者是现在分词动作的发出者是()句子主语句子主语*现在分词短语作现在分词短语作()时间状语时间状语 1.2.After they had finished their homework,they went home.Having finished their homework,they went home.*现在分词短语作现在分词短语作()*Having fin
5、ished their homework表现的动表现的动作在作在went home(),故用分词的故用分词的().().时间状语时间状语之前之前完成式完成式2.Because he was ill,he couldnt go to school.Being ill,he couldnt go to school.*现在分词短语现在分词短语 作原因状语作原因状语3.If you work harder at English,you will make greater progress.Working harder at English,you will make greater progress
6、.*现在分词短语现在分词短语 作条件状语作条件状语4.Although they felt very tired，they kept running.*Feeling very tired,they kept running.现在分词短语现在分词短语 作让步状语作让步状语5.The children came into the classroom,and they laughed and talked.(并列句并列句)*The children came into the classroom,laughing and talking.*现在分词短语现在分词短语 作伴随或方式状语作伴随或方式状语
7、*Laughing and talking,the children came into the classroom.*不可改成相应状语从句不可改成相应状语从句把下列划线部分改写成分词短语把下列划线部分改写成分词短语,并并说明其功能说明其功能B.过去分词作状语学与练过去分词作状语学与练1.When she was asked why she did it,she began to cry.*Asked why she did it,she began to cry.*过去分词短语作时间状语过去分词短语作时间状语*从句的动词用的是被动语态从句的动词用的是被动语态*过去分词的动作由主语承受过去分词
8、的动作由主语承受2.Because he was moved by her words,he decided to help the poor boy.*Moved by her words,he decided to help the poor boy.*过去分词短语作原因状语过去分词短语作原因状语3.If I were given one more chance,I would like to tell the girl,“I love you.”.*Given one more chance,I would like to tell the girl,“I love you.”.*过去分
9、词短语作条件状语过去分词短语作条件状语4.Although they had been defeated many times，they continued to fight.*Having been defeated many times,they continued to fight.=Although defeated many times,they continued to fight.*过去分词短语作让步状语过去分词短语作让步状语*分词作状语时，为使状语含义更加明确，有时在过去分词为使状语含义更加明确，有时在过去分词(现在分现在分词）前可加上适当连词词）前可加上适当连词如：while
10、，when，once，if，unless，as if，though*Once used,the car will never be sold again.(once “一旦一旦”)=Once it is used,the car will never be sold again.*When heated,water turns into steam.=When water is heated,water turns into steam.Heated,water turns into steam5.The teacher stood there and he was surrounded by
11、 many students.*The teacher stood there(,)surrounded by many students=Surrounded by many students,the teacher stood there.*过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.A.training B.being trained C.to h
12、ave trained D.to be trained2.31._ warm at night,I would fill the woodstove,then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.(2013湖南湖南)A.Staying B.StayedC.To stayD.Stay3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _，and asked myself what I was going to do.A.moved B.moving C.to move D.
13、Being moved原则二：原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词.现在分词作伴随状语与现在分词作伴随状语与 to doto do作目的状语的区别：作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的现在分词与谓语动词的动作同时发生且作伴随状语的现在分词与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生，且前面不能用逗号。谓语动词的动作后发生，且前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Write to the editor,_ that the editor
14、would be able to help her（hope）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock(rest )3.The secretary worked late into night,_ a long speech.(prepare)4._ warm,we shut all the windows.(keep)preparingto resthopingTo keep,原则三：用作结果状语时，现在分词或不定式，其原则区别是，原则三：用作结果状语时，现在分词或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用现在分
15、词，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。一般用现在分词，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。1.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day.（2007天津卷）天津卷）A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let 【解析【解析 此处用现在分词，此处用现在分词，表示自然而然的结果。表示自
16、然而然的结果。2.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.（2005山东卷）山东卷）A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching 7.He hurried to the station,only _ that the train had left.(2005广东卷广东卷)A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found【解析【解析
17、】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。在此表示出人意料的结果。Yesterday afternoon I rushed into a bookstore，_ a shelter from the rain without noticing what kind of bookstore it was.A.only finding B.only to find C.just to find D.just finding【解析【解析】just to do sthjust to do sth 仅仅为了做某事，表示目的。仅仅为了做某事，表示目的。二二.找逻辑主语找逻辑主语三、分析语态三
18、、分析语态四、分析时态四、分析时态一一.辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”三三.非谓语动词作状语解题步骤非谓语动词作状语解题步骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态（一）（一）分析句子结构分析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2 _many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was t
19、oldC_A注意连注意连词词3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.4._ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.A.is B.to be C.beingD.It being E.It was F.beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号二二、非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与、非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致主句主语保持一致.12.Faced with a bill for$10,000，_.（2006陕西卷）陕西卷）A.John has taken an extra job B.the
20、 boss has given John an extra job C.an extra job has been taken D.an extra job has been given to John 13.While watching television，_.（2005全国卷全国卷III）A.the door bell rang B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings【解析】因为【解析】因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A
21、 和和 B；又因在；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式，的不定式，所以选项所以选项 D 中的中的 rings 是错误的。是错误的。watchingfaced with(be)faced with时态看分词时态看分词(即时间关系即时间关系)三否定的表达否定的表达五 )2.The party will be held in the garden,weather_（2012高考全国卷）高考全国卷）A.permitting B.to permit C.permitted D.permit请你归请你归纳：纳：非谓语的逻辑主语和主句主语相同时可以非谓语的逻辑主语和主句主语相
22、同时可以省略；若不同，则应有自己的主语，即用省略；若不同，则应有自己的主语，即用独立主格形式。独立主格形式。独立主格独立主格5 1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.2.The sun began to rise in the sky,bathed the mountain in golden light.3.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.4.Knocking at the door before you enter myNot havingbathingSeeingknock单句改错单句改错
