1、LOGO国际商务合同的文体与翻译国际商务合同的文体与翻译Style and Translation of International Business Contracts商务英文合同的语言特色商务英文合同的语言特色Language FeaturesLanguage Features of Business Contract Word Using in Business Contract Sentence Pattern in Business Contract 312Are they good sentences?The buyer can ask for a claim against th
2、e seller because the seller caused the losses the buyer has to bear.The buyer shall have the right to lodge a claim against the seller for the losses sustained if any.买方有权对因此遭受的其他损失向卖方提出索赔买方有权对因此遭受的其他损失向卖方提出索赔Are they good sentences?For the full term and even when the contract is finished or cancell
3、ed,Party B cannot tell the related technical information to the other party.For the full term and even after the termination or cancellation of the Agreement,Party B shall take all and every necessary care to ensure that such technical information shall not be disclosed to any third party.在本合同有效期内，甚
4、至在其终止或撤销后，乙方仍需在本合同有效期内，甚至在其终止或撤销后，乙方仍需注意保密，不得将该项技术资料泄露给任何第三方。注意保密，不得将该项技术资料泄露给任何第三方。Language Features Commercial contract is an agreement,which legally binds the parties concerned according to fixed laws.Therefore,language in commercial contract should be professional or legal,formal and accurate in
5、 order to avoid possible disputes and conflicts.Word Using in Business ContractLOGOFormal legal words正式法律用语正式法律用语Formal legal words 商务合同是具有法律效力的经济文书，其语言商务合同是具有法律效力的经济文书，其语言属于法律范畴。商务英语合同中大量使用的是属于法律范畴。商务英语合同中大量使用的是正式的法律用语及专业词汇，它既不同于文学正式的法律用语及专业词汇，它既不同于文学文本中诗情画意的文字，也不同于生活用语中文本中诗情画意的文字，也不同于生活用语中随性而发的话语。
6、随性而发的话语。Formal legal wordsThe Employer shall give correct The Employer shall give correct technical guidance to the personnel.technical guidance to the personnel.雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。T The Employer shall he Employer shall renderrender correct correct technical guidance to the personne
7、l.technical guidance to the personnel.Formal legal wordsParty A shall Party A shall repatriaterepatriate the patient the patient to China and bear the cost of his to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou.passage to Guangzhou.Party A shall send back the patient to Party A shall send bac
8、k the patient to China and bear the cost of his China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou.passage to Guangzhou.甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其往返广州的旅费甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其往返广州的旅费Formal legal wordsThis Contract shall be governed by and This Contract shall be governed by and construedconstrued in accordance within a
9、ccordance with the laws the laws of China.of China.This Contract shall be governed by This Contract shall be governed by and and explained according to the laws of explained according to the laws of China.China.本合同受中国法律管辖，并依照中国法律解释。本合同受中国法律管辖，并依照中国法律解释。Formal legal wordsThe Appendix hereto shall,thr
10、ough the contract period,be deemed to be construed as an integral part of this Contract.The Appendix hereto shall,through the contract period,be considered to be construed as an integral part of this Contract.整个合同期间，本合同附件都应解释为合同不可整个合同期间，本合同附件都应解释为合同不可分割的一部分分割的一部分Formal legal words“在在之前之前”一般用一般用“prio
11、r to”，而不用而不用“before”；If the Force Majeure applies If the Force Majeure applies prior toprior to the Completion Date,the parties will the Completion Date,the parties will meet to discuss a revised timetable meet to discuss a revised timetable for the completion of the Project.for the completion of th
12、e Project.如在竣工期之前遇到不可抗力，双方应开会如在竣工期之前遇到不可抗力，双方应开会讨论修改工程竣工的时间表。讨论修改工程竣工的时间表。Formal legal words “关于关于”常用常用“as regards”，“concerning”或或“relating to”，而不会用，而不会用“about”；Technical Documentation means the technical indices,specifications,drawings and documents related to Design,Inspection,Erection,Test Runs,C
13、ommissioning,Performance Test,Operation and Maintenance of Contract Plant,details of which are specified in Appendix 2,3,8 and 9.技术文件：本合同附件二，三，八，九中所列的与合同项目技术文件：本合同附件二，三，八，九中所列的与合同项目的设计，检验，安装，试车，投料试生产，性能测试，操的设计，检验，安装，试车，投料试生产，性能测试，操作，维修等有关的全部技术数据，规格，图纸和文件。作，维修等有关的全部技术数据，规格，图纸和文件。Formal legal words 1.
14、“事实上事实上”用用“in effect”，而不用，而不用“in fact”；2.“开始开始”用用“commencement”,而不用而不用“start”或或“begin”；3.“停止做停止做”用用“cease to do”，而不用而不用“stop to do”；4.“其他事项其他事项”用用“miscellaneous”,而不用而不用“other matters/events”；Formal legal words 5.“认为认为”用用“deem”，少用，少用“consider”，不用不用“think”或或“believe”；In the absence of such indication,
15、the Credit shall be deemed to be revocable.如无该项表示，信用证应视为可以撤消的。如无该项表示，信用证应视为可以撤消的。6.“愿意做愿意做”用用“intend to do”或或“desire to do”，而不用而不用“want to do”,“wish to do”。LOGOTerminology专业术语专业术语Terminology 商务合同中有很多专业术语，如涉及数字、时间、商务合同中有很多专业术语，如涉及数字、时间、交货条件、贸易术语以及信用证等方面的专业词汇交货条件、贸易术语以及信用证等方面的专业词汇特别多。翻译的时候必须做到准确无误，否则，
16、将特别多。翻译的时候必须做到准确无误，否则，将会给双方当事人造成难以估量的损失。翻译者要善会给双方当事人造成难以估量的损失。翻译者要善于积累相关的专业术语。于积累相关的专业术语。比如：比如：Force Majeure(不可抗力不可抗力)defect（瑕疵）（瑕疵）jurisdiction（管辖）（管辖）damage（损毁），（损毁），loss（灭失）（灭失）letter of credit(信用证信用证)bill of lading（提单）（提单）bill of exchange(汇票汇票)Terminology合同中通常会出现订立合同的两方或两方以上合同中通常会出现订立合同的两方或两方以上的
17、详细名称，为了避免在合同条款中反复出现的详细名称，为了避免在合同条款中反复出现过长的名称，现将涉及各方的词汇总结如下：过长的名称，现将涉及各方的词汇总结如下：甲方甲方 Party A 乙方乙方 Party B买方买方 the Buyer(s)卖方卖方 the Seller(s)缔约双方缔约双方 the two contracting parties各方各方 each party 第三方第三方 a third party任何一方任何一方 either party 另一方另一方 the other partyTerminology Any such Any such assignmentassig
18、nment,transfertransfer or or conveyanceconveyance shall be without other shall be without other consideration than the mutual consideration than the mutual covenants and considerations of covenants and considerations of this agreement.this agreement.任何转让除根据本协议相互契约和对价外不任何转让除根据本协议相互契约和对价外不得考虑其他。得考虑其他。
19、三个单词都有转让的含义，其中三个单词都有转让的含义，其中assignment和和conveyance更为专业，后者主要表示不动产的转让更为专业，后者主要表示不动产的转让Terminology the said party of the first part does the said party of the first part does hereby bargain,sell,grant and convey,hereby bargain,sell,grant and convey,in fee simple,with general warranty in fee simple,with
20、 general warranty of title,unto the party of the second of title,unto the party of the second part,the following,part,the following,to-witto-wit:上述甲方由此交易，出售，转让上述甲方由此交易，出售，转让_,对对所有权向乙方作出一般保证如下，即所有权向乙方作出一般保证如下，即此处此处”to-wit”相当于相当于“that is to say(i.e.)”LOGOOld English古体词，旧体词古体词，旧体词Old English旧体词在现代英语中已经
21、很少使用，但是在法旧体词在现代英语中已经很少使用，但是在法律性文件中却使用广泛。其主要原因是为了避律性文件中却使用广泛。其主要原因是为了避免重复且反映出法律文件的严谨性。旧体词是免重复且反映出法律文件的严谨性。旧体词是由介词加前缀或后缀构成，大多数为副词。由介词加前缀或后缀构成，大多数为副词。v第一类：第一类：here+介系词介系词 以以here开头，加上介系词的传统用字开头，加上介系词的传统用字 原则：原则：here+介系词介系词=介系词介系词+thisv第二类：第二类：there+介系词介系词 以以there开头，加上介系词的传统用字开头，加上介系词的传统用字 原则：原则：there+介系
22、词介系词=介系词介系词+thatv第三类：第三类：where+介系词介系词 以以where开头，加上介系词的传统用字开头，加上介系词的传统用字 原则：原则：where+介系词介系词=介系词介系词+whichOld EnglishHereunder=under thisHereunder=under thisEach payment to be made Each payment to be made hereunderhereunder shall shall be in American currency.be in American currency.The following terms
23、 used in these The following terms used in these rules shall have the meanings rules shall have the meanings hereunderhereunder assigned to them assigned to them：本实施细则下列用语的含义是：本实施细则下列用语的含义是：以下规定的每项款额要用美元支付以下规定的每项款额要用美元支付Hereby:by means of;by reason of this.特此特此，因此，因此，兹，兹Hereby=by thisHereby=by thisT
24、he Seller The Seller herebyhereby warrants that the warrants that the goods meet the quality standard and goods meet the quality standard and are free from all defects.are free from all defects.卖方在此保证：货物符合质量标准无瑕疵。卖方在此保证：货物符合质量标准无瑕疵。hereby=by this agreementHereby:by means of;by reason of this.特特此，因此此
25、，因此，兹，兹Hereby=by thisHereby=by thisThis contract is hereby made and concluded by and betweenCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party A)and Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B)on(data),in(Place),China,on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.本合同双方，本合同双方，公司公司 (以
26、下称甲方以下称甲方)与与公公司司(以下称乙方以下称乙方)于于(日期日期)在中国在中国(地地点点),),本着平等互利和友好协商的原则特签订本合同本着平等互利和友好协商的原则特签订本合同。vHereto:to this,至此，在此上。在表示上文已提及的至此，在此上。在表示上文已提及的“本合同的本合同的本文件的本文件的”时，使用该词。时，使用该词。vThe parties hereto:本合同双方本合同双方vAppendix 4 hereto:本协议附件本协议附件4Hereto=to thisHereto=to thisAll disputes arising from the All disput
27、es arising from the performance of this Contract shall,performance of this Contract shall,through amicable negotiations,be through amicable negotiations,be settled by the Parties settled by the Parties heretohereto.对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，本合同对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，本合同双方应通过友好协商解决双方应通过友好协商解决Hereto=to thisHereto=to
28、 thisNeither of the parties hereto shall at any time during the continuance hereof deal with any of the shares of the Joint Company owned by the said party whether by sale,pledge,gift or otherwise in any manner inconsistent with the carrying out of its obligations hereunder本合同任何一方都不得在本合同有效期间采本合同任何一方
29、都不得在本合同有效期间采用出售，抵押，赠送或其他与履行本合同规用出售，抵押，赠送或其他与履行本合同规定的义务不一致的方式，处理其拥有的合营定的义务不一致的方式，处理其拥有的合营公司的任何股份。公司的任何股份。The terms,conditions and provisions hereof本本合同的条件和条款。合同的条件和条款。Hereof=of this Hereof=of this 关于此点，在本文中关于此点，在本文中Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall,in accordance with the provisions
30、 hereof(本法所称本法所称)cover such legal entities and other organizations as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.本本法所称的对外贸易经营者是指依照本法规定法所称的对外贸易经营者是指依照本法规定从事从事对对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。Hereof=of this Hereof=of this 关于此点，在本文中关于此点，在本文中This decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article
31、9,Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and companies limited by shares.有限责任公司和股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定有限责任公司和股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定第九条、第十条和第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，适用本第九条、第十条和第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，适用本决定。决定。Herein=in thisHerein=in thisvHerein:in this.此中，于此。在表
32、示上文已提及的此中，于此。在表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的本合同（中）的本文件（中）的本文件（中）的”时，使用该词时，使用该词The term“company”mentioned herein refers to such a limited liability company or such a company limited by shares as are established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law.本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责
33、任公司和股份有限公司任公司和股份有限公司。Thereof=of thatThereof=of thatvthereof:of that,of it.由此由此v在在表示已提及的表示已提及的“人或事的人或事的”时，可以使用该时，可以使用该词。词。The titles to the articles in this Agreement The titles to the articles in this Agreement and in the said Exhibits are for convenience and in the said Exhibits are for convenience
34、 of reference only,not part of this of reference only,not part of this Agreement,and shall not in any way affect Agreement,and shall not in any way affect the interpretation the interpretation thereof.thereof.本协议的各条款和协议的附录中使用的标题，仅为了查本协议的各条款和协议的附录中使用的标题，仅为了查阅方便，并非本协议的构成部分，绝不影响对被协议内阅方便，并非本协议的构成部分，绝不影响
35、对被协议内容的解释。容的解释。Therein=in thatTherein=in thatv therein:in that,in that particular context,in that respect.在在那里，在那点上，在那方面。在表示上文已提及的那里，在那点上，在那方面。在表示上文已提及的“合同合同中的中的，工程中的，工程中的”等时，可以使用该等时，可以使用该词。词。vThe contractor shall not,without the prior consent of the Employer,assign the Contract or any part thereof,
36、or any benefit or interest therein or thereunder,otherwise than by:v 没没有业主的事先同意，承包人不得将合同或合同的任何部有业主的事先同意，承包人不得将合同或合同的任何部分，或合同中或合同名下的任何利益或好处进行转让，但分，或合同中或合同名下的任何利益或好处进行转让，但下列情况除下列情况除外：外：Therein:in the contract Thereunder:under the contractThereto=to that Thereto=to that 随附，附之随附，附之“Contract Products”mea
37、ns the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract,together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto.“合同产品合同产品”指本合同附件指本合同附件2 2中规定的产品及其改进中规定的产品及其改进和开发的产品。和开发的产品。The parties thereto shall,in good faith,comply with the decision and award of the arbitrat
38、ion tribunal.双双方须以良好的诚信态度遵守仲裁庭的决定。方须以良好的诚信态度遵守仲裁庭的决定。Thereon/upon=on thatThereon/upon=on that 在其上在其上The parties concerned shall jointly sign the mediation document and the super intendency administration shall confirm it by affixing its seal thereon调解书由当事人各方共同签字，并经港务监督盖印确认调解书由当事人各方共同签字，并经港务监督盖印确认The
39、refromTherefrom=from that=from that 从那里，从此从那里，从此Party B shall not interfere in such direct dealings nor shall Party B bring forward any demand fe8 for compensation therefrom.乙方不得干涉此种直接贸易，也无权向甲方乙方不得干涉此种直接贸易，也无权向甲方提出任何补偿或佣金要求。提出任何补偿或佣金要求。Therefore=for thatTherefore=for that 因此，由此得出因此，由此得出Notice of the
40、 delay and the reasons therefore shall be provided in writing to the interested party.延迟的通知及其原因应以书面形式向有关当事人提供延迟的通知及其原因应以书面形式向有关当事人提供Thereafter=after thatThereafter=after that 之后之后The party affected by the event of Force Majuro shall inform the other party of its occurrence in writing as soon as poss
41、ible and thereafter send a certificate of the event issued by the relevant authorities to the other party within 15 days after its occurrence.但是，受不可抗力事件影响的一方须尽快将发生的事件通知另一但是，受不可抗力事件影响的一方须尽快将发生的事件通知另一方，并在不可抗力事件发生方，并在不可抗力事件发生1515天内将有关机构出具的不可抗力事天内将有关机构出具的不可抗力事件的证明寄交对方件的证明寄交对方 Whereby Whereby 凭此协议，凭此条款凭此
42、协议，凭此条款vWhereby:by the agreement,by the following terms and conditions,常常用于合同协议书中以引用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务务。vA sales contract refers to a contract A sales contract refers to a contract wherebywhereby the seller transfers the the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the bu
43、yer and ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.the buyer pays the price for the object.v买买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人，买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。受人支付价款的合同。Whereof=of which Whereof=of which 关于关于vWhereby:of which,常常用用于表示关于什么内容，于表示关于什么内容，与什么人或者什么事物相关与什么人或者什么事物相关。
44、vIn witness whereof,the Parties hereto In witness whereof,the Parties hereto have caused this Contract to be executed have caused this Contract to be executed as of the date first written above by their as of the date first written above by their duly authorized representatives.duly authorized repre
45、sentatives.v本合同由双方授权的代表于首开日期签订，特此为证本合同由双方授权的代表于首开日期签订，特此为证whereas whereas 鉴于，就鉴于，就而论而论vWhereas:considering that,常用于合同协常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。或依据。vWhereasWhereas Party A desires to use the Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to Patented Technology of
46、 Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract manufacture and sell the Contract ProductsProductsv鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品同产品LOGOForeign words and expressions外来词外来词Foreign words and expressions商务英语合同的外来语主要是拉丁语和法语，商务英语合同的外来语主要是拉丁语和法语，现在很多已经同化为英语，称为英语词汇的一部现在很多已经同化为英语，称为英语词汇的一部分，还有一
47、部分保留下来仍在使用。分，还有一部分保留下来仍在使用。Contract Contract 即是来源于拉丁语即是来源于拉丁语 ContractusContractus defendant原为法语，现已称为英语词汇原为法语，现已称为英语词汇 请参照书本第请参照书本第4040页页Foreign words and expressionsAll allowance on the basis of 2%of All allowance on the basis of 2%of the sales price for each unit shall be the sales price for each
48、unit shall be calculated and deducted from the calculated and deducted from the purchase price fraction purchase price fraction pro ratapro rata.补贴应按单价的补贴应按单价的2%2%计算并从购价中按比例扣除计算并从购价中按比例扣除LOGOSynonyms同义词，近义词同义词，近义词Synonyms在英文合同中，同义词，近义词或相关词语成对在英文合同中，同义词，近义词或相关词语成对出现或多个连用，使合同周密严谨，以减少漏洞出现或多个连用，使合同周密严谨，
49、以减少漏洞和争议。和争议。1.1.This agreement is This agreement is made and made and entered entered into into by and betweenby and between Party A and Party A and Party B.Party B.本协议由甲方和乙方签订本协议由甲方和乙方签订。Synonyms2.Party A agrees to purchase from 2.Party A agrees to purchase from Party B the following commodity Par
50、ty B the following commodity under the under the terms and conditionsterms and conditions set set out below.out below.甲方同意按照下列条款向乙方购买如下商品。甲方同意按照下列条款向乙方购买如下商品。terms and conditions terms and conditions 同义，往往在合同义，往往在合同中并列连用表示合同的条款，一般为复数。同中并列连用表示合同的条款，一般为复数。Synonyms3.Party A shall be unauthorized to 3.P
