1、Part 1:Famous QuotesPart 2:Background knowledgePart 3:Listening and Speaking PracticePart 4:听说听说秘籍秘籍之之重音重音（stress）Chapter 3 Metropolis and Urban lifePart 1:Famous QuotesAll great art is born of themetropolis.-Ezra Poundn所有伟大的艺术都诞生于大都市。-埃兹拉庞德Some people just liked it,its loudness and crowdedness and
2、surprises.Some started there for a reason and then couldnt imagine being anywhere else,but maybe lost track of that reason along the way.-Choire Sichan有些人就是喜欢它，它的嘈杂，拥挤，以及带来的各种惊喜。有些人在那儿生活是因为某个原因，然后就再也无法想像去别的地方会是什么样的，但是也许走着走着就迷失了，忘记了当初在那生活的初衷。-西瓦尔思察Part 2:Background knowledgeI.One New York:The Plan fo
3、r a Strong and Just CityOne NYC establishes bold goals and specific targets for a strong,sustainable,resilient,and equitable city 800,000 people out of poverty by 2025,Zero Waste,eliminating long-term displacement after future shock events,and much moreMayor de Blasio:Environmental and Economic Sust
4、ainability Must Go Hand in Hand and OneNYC is the Blueprint.NEW YORKThe de Blasio administration announced the release of“One New York:The Plan for a Strong and Just City,”a comprehensive plan for a sustainable and resilient city for all New Yorkers that addresses the profound social,economic,and en
5、vironmental challenges ahead.OneNYC builds on prior long-term sustainability plans for New York City,expanding on the critical targets established under previous plans,as well as on the work of the de Blasio administration over the last 16 months.Growth,sustainability,and resiliency remain at the co
6、re of OneNYC but with the poverty rate remaining high and income inequality continuing to grow,the de Blasio administration added equity as a guiding principle throughout the plan.OneNYC sets measurable goals for tackling these challenges in the coming years including a poverty reduction target of 8
7、00,000 New Yorkers over the next 10 years,zero waste to landfills by 2030,and the elimination of long-term displacement from homes and jobs after shock events by 2050 with critical action in the short-term to put the city on the path to achieving these goals.“Environmental and economic sustainabilit
8、y must go hand in hand and OneNYC is the blueprint to ensure they do,”said Mayor de Blasio.“Today,we are laying out specific goals to make sure that as we build a stronger,more sustainable,and more resilient city,we are also creating a more equitable one.from our unprecedented goal of lifting 800,00
9、0 New Yorkers out of poverty,to sweeping environmental initiatives such as Zero Waste,the cleanest air of any large city,and a dramatic reduction in emissions,this is a bold and ambitious plan and New York City requires nothing less.OneNYC builds on the strong foundation created by the Bloomberg adm
10、inistration,and ensures that our city can meet the challenges we face today and in the future,while inspiring others around the world to do the same.”Today,New York City faces a number of challenges,including a rapidly growing population,rising inequality,an aging infrastructure,and climate change.O
11、neNYC lays out a series of specific targets and initiatives to prepare New York City for the future generations,including:Making New York City home to 4.9 million jobs by 2040.Creating 240,000 new housing units by 2025,and an additional 250,000 to 300,000 by 2040.Enabling the average New Yorker to r
12、each 25%more jobs or 1.8 million jobs within 45 minutes by public transit.Lifting 800,000 New Yorkers out of poverty or near-poverty by 2025.Cutting premature mortality by 25 percent by 2040,while reducing racial/ethnic disparities.Reducing the citys greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent by 2050,ov
13、er 2005 levels.Sending zero waste to landfills and reducing waste disposal by 90 percent relative to 2005 levels,by 2030.Ensuring New York City has the best air quality among all large U.S.cities by 2030.Reducing risks of flooding in most affected communities.Eliminating long-term displacement from
14、homes and jobs after future shock events by 2050.Reducing the citys Social Vulnerability Index for neighborhoods across the City;Reducing annual economic losses from climate-related events;Continued investment as part of an over-$20 billion program that includes a range of physical,social,and econom
15、ic resiliency measures.The plan recognizes New York Citys role and responsibilities as a regional hub,and calls on the Citys partners to work together on shared goals for building a strong region.Task 1:Word HuntingDirections：Try your best to spot the equivalent English expressions of the following
16、words and expressions.(1)环境与经济持续性发展 (2)齐头并进(3)长期的持续发展计划(4)指导原则(5)经济复原措施Keys(1)environmental and economic sustainability(2)go hand in hand(3)long-term sustainability plans(4)a guiding principle(5)economic resiliency measuresII.Mayor Outlines Array of Measures to Improve City ShanghaiShanghai will exp
17、and the switch to value-added tax for seven industries,raise the pensions of retired and low-income people,improve air-quality monitoring and increase investment for education,Mayor Han Zheng told the citys top legislative body.The disparate measures will help Shanghai continue to drive innovation i
18、n its economic growth and improve peoples daily lives,Han said during the ongoing Shanghai Peoples Congress.“Though the external economic environment is not so good this year,its also the opportunity for Shanghai to develop itself,through the global economic transformation from developed regions to
19、developing countries,”Han said.Shanghai will push the VAT switch in transportation and six other modern service industries such as information technology and culture.The switch covers 118,000 Shanghai-registered companies now.The tax reform will help companies reduce taxes and improve their competit
20、ive position.The new VAT rate is 11 percent or 6 percent,much lower than the business tax rate of 13 percent or 17 percent.Pressure on manufacturersTraditional manufacturing companies face great pressure this year because of the global economic slowdown and increased cost of materials.Shanghai is th
21、us shifting to develop its service industries,Han said.Meanwhile,the city will also raise pensions for retired and low-income people.Shanghais average monthly salary for the retired is 2,017 yuan(US$320),ranking the city No.4 in the Chinese mainland behind Shenzhen,Guangzhou and Beijing.The city aim
22、s to lift pensions by 300 yuan a month by the end of this year,Han said.Shanghai will also improve its environmental monitoring,Han said.This year,Shanghai will be among the first regions to adopt PM2.5 monitoring.The standard will spread to 113 key cities next year,all major cities in 2015 and nati
23、onwide in 2016.PM2.5 refers to particles measuring smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter.They can pose major health risks as they are small enough to lodge deep in the lungs and even enter the bloodstream.Currently,Chinese cities adopt the less sensitive PM10 standard in reporting air quality.Shangha
24、i started a lab for PM2.5 monitoring trials 10 years ago,and local stations had been collecting results systematically for years,according to the local environmental watchdog.The mayor said that based on results from the past five years,about 50 to 60 percent of particulates reported under the loose
25、r PM10 monitoring standard turn out to be smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter.In other words,they are the more harmful PM2.5 particulates.The stations also discovered the concentration of local PM2.5 particulates reached 0.044 to 0.05 milligrams per cubic meter of air,which is higher than the 0.03
26、standard expected to be passed by the state environmental watchdog soon,the mayor added.The results from recent years indicate that once PM2.5 is adopted,the percentage of good air-quality days in Shanghai will drop by 13 to 15 percentage points from the current 90 to 93 percent,the mayor said.Incre
27、ased education spending is another major government goal,Han said.He specified that of the unprecedented 70 billion yuan annual government investment in education,60 to 65 percent will be used to build more kindergartens and other schools as well as improving the quality of education.The rest will b
28、e spent on funding development of local colleges.The mayor stressed the citys educational resources must be distributed evenly because of the sharp difference between suburban areas and downtown.He urged local authorities to make the best use of funds and encouraged downtown district schools to open
29、 branches in the suburbs and transfer senior teachers to schools there.Task 1:Word HuntingDirections：Please guess the meanings of the following English words in the context.（1）value-added tax（2）low-income people（3）drive innovation in its economic growth（4）traditional manufacturing companies(5）the lo
30、cal environmental watchdog(6）PM2.5 monitoringKeys(1)增值税(2)低收入人群(3)经济增长有所创新(4)传统制造公司(5)当地环境监测机构(6)PM2.5 监测Part 3:Listening and Speaking Practice Pass 1:SkyscrapersVocabularyskyscraper skaiskreip n.摩天大楼 Kuala Lumpur kw:llumpu 吉隆坡The American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师学会The Petronas Twin Towers
31、 双子塔The Skyscraper Museum 摩天大楼博物馆World Trade Center 世贸中心（911事件前）Task 1:General UnderstandingDirections:Listen to the passage once and try to grasp its main idea.You may do this either in Chinese or English.The passage is a brief introduction of skyscrapers,including the first skyscraper,the tallest
32、skyscrapers,the world famous skyscrapers,and emphasizing on the introduction of skyscrapers in America.Task 2:Blank FillingDirections:Listen to the passage and fill in the following blanks.New York city has more skyscrapers than any other city in the world.New York is also home to the worlds most fa
33、mous skyscraper,the(1).It was built in(2).It was the worlds tallest building for more than 40 years.It is still one of the most popular.Each year,more than 3 million people ride an (3)_ to the top of the Empire State Building.They stand outdoors in a special(4)area,almost(5)meters above the ground.e
34、levator 1931 Empire State Building 380 observationTask 3:True or FalseDirections:Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false(T/F).1()The first skyscraper was built in New York in 1885.2()The Petronas Twin Towers are in New York City.3()The State Empire building
35、is 452 meters high.4()The World Trade Center was built in 1973.5()The Skyscraper Museum occupies 6 hectares of the land.Keys:F,F,F,T,FTask 4:Listening ComprehensionDirections:Listen to the passage again and choose the best answer from the choices marked A),B),C),and D).1.The first skyscraper was bui
36、lt in _.A)New YorkB)ChicagoC)Kuala LumpurD)Shanghai2.The State Empire building was built in _.A)1885B)1931 C)1973D)19963.The first skyscraper is _ meters tall.A)55B)452C)38D)4104.The American Society of Civil Engineers honored the Empire State Building as one of the greatest structures of the 21st c
37、entury and called it the monument of the _.A)New York B)States C)millenniumD)WorldKeys:B,B,A,CTask 5:Back TranslationDirections:Please listen to the passage attentively and then translate the following Chinese sentences into English.1.每年，超过3百万的游客乘坐电梯登上帝国大厦的顶楼观光。2.摩天大楼博物馆并不是纽约最出名的博物馆，但是其管理者说这个博物馆是大家在
38、参观纽约其他地方之前应该最先去的地方。1.每年，超过3百万的游客乘坐电梯登上帝国大厦的顶楼观光。Each year,more than 3 million people ride an elevator to the top of the Empire State Building.2.摩天大楼博物馆并不是纽约最出名的博物馆，但是其管理者说这个博物馆是大家在参观纽约其他地方之前应该最先去的地方。The Skyscraper Museum is not among the most well-known museums in New York,but its manager say people
39、 should see it first before visiting other areas of New York City.Pass 2:City Names in AmericaVocabularymeadow med n.草地；牧场settlementsetlmnt n.定居点Argyle ral 阿盖尔（地名）Idaho aidhu 爱达荷州（美国州名）Minnesota minisut 明尼苏达州（美国州名）Mainemein 缅因州（美国州名）Task 1:General UnderstandingDirections:Listen to the passage once a
40、nd try to grasp its main idea.You may do this either in Chinese or English.There are several explanations for the phenomenon that that many cities in America have the same names as those in other parts of the country and the world.One is that the first white people to settle an area named it after t
41、he place where they were born.Some American cities were named after famous cities in other countries.Other American cities are linked by language and geography.Task 2:Blank FillingDirections:Listen to the passage and fill in the following blanks.It seems that many cities have the same names as those
42、 in other parts of the country and the world.There are several(1)_ for this.One is that the first white people to settle an area named it after the place where they were(2)_.For example,the city of Argyle,Minnesota has the same name as a county in western(3)_.A town in the(4)_ state of Maine was als
43、o named after the Scottish county.A man named Solomon Comstock was born in Argyle,Maine,in 1942.He later moved to Minnesota.He(5)_ that the new town be named Argyle after the one where he was born.proposed northeasternborn ScotlandexplanationsTask 3:True or FalseDirections:Listen to the passage and
44、tell whether the following statements are true or false(T/F).1.()Some American cities were named after famous cities in other countries.2.()Rome,Georgia was named in 1819.3.()History experts say that many American settlements at that time were named after ancient cities.4.()Its name comes from the S
45、panish words meaning“the meadows.”5.()Las Vegas,New Mexico is older than Las Vegas,Nevada,but not so well known.Keys:T,F,T,T,TTask 4:Listening ComprehensionDirections:Listen to the passage again and choose the best answer from the choices marked A),B),C)and D).1.Argyle,in the northeastern state of M
46、aine was also named after the _ county.A)ItalianB)ScottishC)GrecianD)Spanish2.Rome,_ was given that name because it was in a hilly area which was similar to the seven hills of ancient Rome in Italy.A)GeorgiaB)New YorkC)West VirginiaD)Minnesota3.Its name comes from the _ words meaning“the meadows.”A)
47、ScottishB)SpanishC)RussiaD)ItalianKeys:B,A,BTask 5:Listen to the passage again and answer the following questions.It seems that many cities have the same names as those in other parts of the country and the world.How many explanations are there mentioned in the passage?What are they?Las Vegas is fro
48、m the Spanish“Nuestra Senora de los Dolores de Las Vegas Grandes.”What is the English explanation for it?Five.One is that the first white people to settle an area named it after the place where they were born.Some American cities were named after famous cities in other countries.History experts say
49、that many American settlements at that time were named after ancient cities.Other American cities are linked by language and geography.That is Spanish for“Our Lady of the Sorrows of the Great Meadows.”Task 6:Shadow Speaking PracticeDirections:Listen to the passage a couple of times and repeat the wo
50、rds that youve just heard sentence by sentence.Retell the passage first on your own and then check your work with your friends.Finally report it to your classmates.Pass 3:Famous Bridges in AmericaVocabularyvehicle vi:ikl n.车辆Golden Gate Bridge金门大桥Suspension bridge吊桥Verrazano Narrows Bridge韦拉札诺海峡大桥Br
