1、GrammarThe Attributive Clause 定语从句定语从句基本概念基本概念:You can choose a shampoo that/which suits your type of hair.关系关系(代代)词词定语从句定语从句先行词先行词 Noun(Pron.)+Conj.+ClauseYou can choose a shampoo that/which suits your type of hair.定语从句的基本结构定语从句的基本结构注意点：注意点：1.一般而言，定语从句一般而言，定语从句紧跟紧跟在先行词在先行词之后。之后。2.关系词关系词取代取代先行词在定语从句
2、中的先行词在定语从句中的成分成分,即关系词在定语从句中要担当句即关系词在定语从句中要担当句子成分。子成分。You can choose a shampoo that suits your type of hair.你可以选择一种你可以选择一种适合自己发型适合自己发型的的洗发水洗发水。引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词关系代词关系代词who，whomwhosewhichthat指代人指代人指代事物指代事物指人指人/物（所属关系）物（所属关系）可替代可替代who,whom,whichwho 的用法的用法:The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is
3、 Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.whom的用法：的用法：The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(whom)everyone likes is kind.(宾语宾语)The woman got the job.We saw her
4、 on the street.The woman(whom)we saw on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.当先行词是当先行词是those,she,he,they等代词时等代词时,关系关系代词用代词用who.Those who were late for class raise your hands.which 的用法的用法:Mrs.Clark is
5、 angry with the cat.The cat is eating her fish.Mrs.Clark is angry with the cat which is eating her fish.Can you lend me the book?You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the book(which)you talked about last night.whose 的用法的用法:关系代词关系代词whose 作定语作定语 1.Do you know the man?2.The mans watch is missi
6、ng.Do you know the man whose watch is missing?He bought a house whose windows face south.He bought a house.The houses windows face south.Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our class.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.
7、He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.That的用法:That可以相应的取代who,whom,which在定语从句中的地位。1.The boy who/that is smiling is Tom.2.The man(whom)/(that)everyone likes is kind.3.Mrs.Clark is angry with the cat which/that is eating her fish.4.Do you find the pen(which)/(that)I wrote with just now?练一练练一
8、练 1.Yesterday I met Mr Li_ told me the whole matter.2.This is the man_ daughter is in my class.3.The book _ they sent me is very good.who/thatwhosewhich/that/-只用只用that 不用不用which的集中情况的集中情况：注意！注意！1.当先行词前有形容词的最高级当先行词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时或序数词修饰时 1.This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.2.The
9、 first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.2.先行词前有表示唯一概念的词修饰时先行词前有表示唯一概念的词修饰时,如如the very,the last,the only等等.1.The Great Wall is the last place that Mr.Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.2.This is the very book that I am looking for.3.先行词是先行词是all,any,everything,anything,nothi
10、ng,something,much,little,few,none,the one,等不定代词时等不定代词时 There is much that should be used.Thats all that he said.3.All that glitters is not gold.或先行词被或先行词被all,any,no,only,little,much,very,every,some,few,none 等修饰时等修饰时 I have read all the books(that)you gave me.Every dictionary that our library bought
11、is good.4.当先行词既有表示当先行词既有表示人人又有表示又有表示物物的词时的词时 We talked of the things and persons that we remembered.5.在以在以 which,who作主语的特殊疑问作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语从句中句中的定语从句中,习惯上不用习惯上不用Whowho/Whichwhich结构结构 Who is the man that is reading a book there?Which is the magazine that you borrowed from the reading room?7.当先行词在定语从句中做
12、当先行词在定语从句中做表语表语时时,无论先行词是人还是物无论先行词是人还是物 China is no longer the country that she was.介词后跟关系代词的注意点：介词后跟关系代词的注意点：介词后只能跟介词后只能跟which/whom,不能跟不能跟that,即不能出现即不能出现in that等类似的结构等类似的结构Do you find the pen which I wrote with just now?Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?注意：注意：This is the pen which I am
13、 looking for.Miss Li is the teacher whom he talked with just now.She has three sons whom she has to take care of.who主语，指人，不省略主语，指人，不省略 人人 whom 指人，宾语，可省略指人，宾语，可省略关关 whose 指人指人/物，定语物，定语,不可省略不可省略系系 物物 which指物，主语，不省略指物，主语，不省略指物，宾语，可省略指物，宾语，可省略that 可替代可替代who,whom,which 1.You may take anything useful _ yo
14、u want.2.This is the very book_ I m looking for.3.This is the only thing _ we can do.4.We should do all _is useful to the people.练一练练一练thatthatthatthat 1.He _plays with fire gets burst.A.Who B.which C.that D.whose 2.I didnt believe them at first but in fact everything _was true.A.that they said B.wh
15、at they said C.whose they said D.which they said练一练！练一练！3.She heard a terrible noise_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D./4.Have you found the woman_ purse was lost?A.her B.of which C.that D.whose 5.Mr.Smith is the only one of those foreigners who_ in China.A.work B.is working C.
16、are working D.had working 6.All _can be done has been done.A.Which B.that C.what D.who 7.When he came back from abroad,John told his parents about the cities and the people _ he had visited.A.who B.which C.where D.that 8.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone_ family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of
17、 whose D.whose引导定语从句的关系引导定语从句的关系词词关系副词关系副词whenwhere why表时间表时间表地点表地点表原因表原因when 的用法的用法His father died in the year.He was born in the year.His father died in the year when he was born.Ill never forget the day.I joined the army that day.Ill never forget the day when I joined the army.in whichon whichWhe
18、re的用法 I have visited this house.Lu Xun once lived in the house.-I have visited this house where/in which Lu Xun once lived.This is a car factory.My father worked in the car factory last year.-This is the car factory in which/where my father once worked last year.Why 的用法Is this the reason?For the rea
19、son he refused our offer.Is this the reason why he refused our offer?I know the reason I know the reason whywhy she was late.she was late.I know the reason.I know the reason.She was late for the reason.She was late for the reason.for whichfor which1.Ill never forget the weeks_ we worked together.2.I
20、ll never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.when/in whichwhichwhere/in whichwhichwhy/for whichthat/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况Teachers who are kind
21、are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.非限制性定语从句的两个特点：非限制性定语从句的两个特点：1.主句与从句之间用逗号隔开的；主句与从句之间用逗号隔开的；2.不能用关系代词不能用关系代词thate.g.1.Shanghai,where I live now,is an international city.2.I am reading a detective book,which is my favorite one.Which引导的非限制性定语从句，就可以修饰一个先行词，也
22、可以修饰整个主句所讲的情况或部分情况。He did not finish the homework,which made the teacher very angry.The teacher told Toms parents that he was always late for class,which made them very worried.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angr
23、y.4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.which6.He has two sons,and both of them teachers.He failed in the exam and this made his parents angry.as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is r
24、ound._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句The s
25、ameasSuchasThis is the same pen as I lost.He is such a man as I can trust.注意：注意：This is the same dress as I wore last night.This is the same dress that I wore last night.as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such
26、an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)1.The earth is round,_ is known to all.2._ is known to all,the earth
27、 is roundwhich/asAs 结论结论:as,which均可引导非限制性定语从句均可引导非限制性定语从句,as 引导的从句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有引导的从句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有“如如.，正象，正象”之意，之意，与之连用的词有与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,point out等，常用等，常用被动结构如被动结构如as is announced(据宣布）；据宣布）；as is reported（据报道）；（据报道）；as is expected(正如所期待正如所期待/料想的那样；不出所料想的那样；不出所料）；料）；as has been expl
28、ained（正如所解释的那样）（正如所解释的那样）;as may be imagined；as is pointed out;as has been said before;as is mentioned above;as is shown;as is known to all,as we all know等等;which引导的从句通常置句后。引导的从句通常置句后。此外此外,the sameas，such.as.中中as引引导的是限制性定语从句导的是限制性定语从句.Is this the house _ you are looking for?a.which b.in whichPay attention to the following:Is this house _ you are looking for?a.which b.the one 定语从句中的动词的数定语从句中的动词的数He is the only one in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise He is one of the students in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise hashave关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词
