1、专题专题 单项填空单项填空 谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语考点谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语主要是时态、语态、情态动词、虚拟语气以及非谓语动词,这些一直是单项选择题的重要考查内容,是高考中的“重头戏”。近几年江苏高考已摒弃“死抠语法”,而关注“语境考查”,把死的语法知识放到活的语言环境中去考查,增加了试题的难度,注重考查学生的解题技能和灵活运用语言的能力。1.动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 动词的时态和语态是每年的必考点。试题呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的趋势,注重在具体语境中考查时态和语态的用法。典例典例1 (2019江苏,29)A few months after he had arrived i
2、n China,Mr.Smith in love with the people and culture there.A.would fall B.had fallenC.has fallen D.fell思路点拨思路点拨句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。本题考查动词的时态。根据时间状语A few months after he had arrived in China可知,谓语动词应该为一般过去时态,故可知答案。答案答案 D典例典例2 (2019江苏,33)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals by 2022 f
3、or the Beijing Winter Olympics.A.will install B.will have been installedC.are installed D.have been installed思路点拨思路点拨句意:他们正在努力确保到2022年的时候为北京冬奥会安装5G终端。本题考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语by 2022可知谓语动词应该用将来完成时,5G terminals与install之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。答案答案 B2.情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气近几年江苏高考对情态动词和虚拟语气的考查呈上升趋势。命题立意不偏不怪,情景接近真实,设问角度趋于细
4、微化和综合化。对情态动词和虚拟语气的考查以对过去的“推测”和“虚拟”为重点。虚拟语气在具体语境中的运用也是考查的重点。典例典例3 (2019江苏,31)What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we a good time together.A.hadB.will haveC.would have hadD.had had思路点拨思路点拨句意:真遗憾啊!你错过了这次游览,否则我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知,并列连词or在句中意为“否则,要不然”,为含蓄条件的一种表达方式,后面的部分与过去的事实相反,故用“would
5、have done”的形式。答案答案 C典例典例4 (2018江苏,27)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I a second chance to become more involved.A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.have had思路点拨思路点拨句意:这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活,我希望自己还能有机会去更多地参与其中。考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句中往往用虚拟语气,此处表达现在的一个愿望,谓语动词要用过去式。答案答案 A典例典例5 (2018江苏,24)Its
6、strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might思路点拨思路点拨句意:简直是太奇怪了,他竟然未得到主人的允许就把这些书拿走了。考查情态动词。“Its strange that.”句型中,that引导的主语从句的谓语部分用should+动词原形,属于should的用法之一。答案答案 B3.非谓语动词非谓语动词历年来非谓语动词一直是单项选择题的重要考查内容。考查重点为非谓语动词作状语。试题的特征呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度多样化”的趋势。势。典例典例6 (
7、2019江苏,30)the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A.To enjoy B.EnjoyingC.To have enjoyed D.Enjoy思路点拨思路点拨句意:为了享受数字支付的便利,很多老年人开始使用智能手机。本题考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作目的状语,故填不定式结构。C项为不定式的完成式,表示已经完成的动作,不符合语境。答案答案 A典例典例7 (2019江苏,32)Chinas image is improving steadily
8、,with more countries its role in international affairs.A.recognizing B.being recognizedC.to be recognizedD.recognized思路点拨思路点拨句意:随着更多的国家承认中国在国际事务中所起的作用,中国的形象正在稳步提升。本题考查非谓语动词。在with的复合结构中,more countries与recognize之间存在逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作宾语补足语。答案答案 A1.(2018江苏)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the pe
9、riod,the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.A.having exceededB.to exceedC.exceededD.exceeding巩固技能练巩固技能练答案答案 A句意:这段时期大约一万三千五百个新工作被创造出来,超过了市场分析专家预测的一万两千个。考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词作状语,与Around 13,500 new jobs是主动关系,且没有动作发生前后的关系,要用v.-ing形式的一般式,所以答案为D项。2.(2017江苏)Many Chinese brands,their reputations
10、 over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.A.having developed B.being developedC.developed D.developing答案答案 A句意:很多中国的品牌,已经积攒了几百年的声誉,正在面临着来自现代市场的挑战。本题考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知题干中两个逗号中间的部分为非谓语动词短语,develop的逻辑主语是Many Chinese brands,两者之间为主动关系;根据时间状语over centuries可知用having done的形式,故选择A项。3.(20
11、19江苏苏锡常镇教情调查二)Mum,little Ray broke his toys again!It doesnt matter.You see,accidents happen.A.shallB.shouldC.mustD.will答案答案 D句意:妈妈,小Ray又弄坏他的玩具了!不要紧。你知道,意外总是会发生的。本题考查情态动词。will表示倾向性、经常性、必然性,符合语境,故选D项。4.(2019江苏苏锡常镇教情调查一)Ann said whenever her father was unhappy he go out and buy something,usually someth
12、ing large and useless.A.should B.could C.would D.might答案答案 C句意:Ann说,无论何时,她爸爸不开心的时候就会出去买点东西,通常是一些大而无用的东西。本题考查情态动词的用法。would表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,符合语境,故选C项。5.(2019江苏南通一模)If it had not been for the heroes contributions and sacrifices,we such a happy life.A.wouldn t have led B.wouldnt be leadingC.havent led D.are
13、 not leading答案答案 B句意:如果不是英雄们的贡献和牺牲,我们现在不会过着幸福的生活。本题考查虚拟语气。从句与过去事实相反,谓语用had done结构;主句与现在事实相反,谓语应用would+动词原形结构,故选B项。6.(2019江苏镇江一模,27)I felt like giving up.I probably ,but my dad whispered,“Come on!You can make it.”A.would have B.would C.should D.should have答案答案 A句意:我想要放弃。我可能已经放弃了,但是我父亲低声说道,“加油!你能成功的。”
14、本题考查虚拟语气。根据I felt like giving up.可知,我过去想要放弃,但是在父亲的鼓励下,我并没有放弃,即本想要做某事而没有做,应用would have done,句中用了省略形式,完整句子为I probably would have given up.。故选A项。7.(2019江苏南通3月联考,26)economic growth,various measures are being taken to expand domestic demand.A.Having stabilized B.Stabilizing C.Stabilized D.To stabilize答案答
15、案 D句意:为了稳定经济增长,正在采取各种措施来扩大内需。本题考查非谓语动词。采取各种措施扩大内需的目的是稳定经济增长,应用动词不定式作目的状语,故选D项。8.(2019江苏南京、盐城三模,30)With the number of homecoming overseas students up in recent years,the attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded.A.shotB.being shot C.shootingD.to shoot答案答案 C句意:随着近几年海归学生数量的陡增,国外文凭持有者的吸引力
16、已经逐渐消退。本题考查非谓语动词。the number与shoot之间存在主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补,故选C项。9.(2019江苏苏北七市三模)With WeChat Pay coming into widespread use,our household bills are convenient .A.payingB.paidC.to pay D.to be paid答案答案 C句意:随着微信支付的广泛使用,我们家庭账单的支付变得方便了。本题考查非谓语动词。sth.+be+adj.+to do为固定结构,又如,English is difficult to learn.英语很难学,故选C项
17、。10.(2019江苏江都中学、扬中高级中学、溧水高级中学期初联考,26)A case of suspected food poisoning in New York has led to 6 high school students to hospital.A.being sentB.sentC.sending D.to be sent答案答案 A句意:在纽约的一起疑似食品中毒案已经导致6名高中生入院。本题考查非谓语动词。lead to导致,to为介词,后接动名词,6 high school students为动名词的逻辑主语,和send之间存在被动关系,即学生是被送往医院,应用被动结构,故
18、选A项。11.(2019江苏南京、盐城一模,29)Guangdong Province rolled out new guideline,offensive nicknames and online violence as school bullying.A.defining B.definedC.to defineD.having defined 答案答案 A句意:广东省正式推出了新的指导方针,把冒犯性绰号和网络暴力定义为校园欺凌。本题考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,此处为现在分词作定语,逻辑主语new guidelines与define之间为主动关系,相当于非限制性定语从句which d
19、efine.。故选A项。12.(2019江苏苏北七市三模,32)What an amazing picture!The little boy the soldiers,and I caught them at an unguarded moment.A.was salutingB.salutedC.had saluted D.would salute答案答案 A句意:多棒的一张照片啊!这个小男孩正在给士兵敬礼,我无意间抓拍到了他们。本题考查动词的时态。根据语境,照片是在过去拍摄的,拍摄的时候这个小男孩正在给士兵敬礼,应用过去进行时,故选A项。13.(2019江苏南京、盐城二模,28)The m
20、atches of the FIFA Womens World Cup will be played in 2019 all around France,whose mens team the 2018 World Cup.A.wins B.wonC.has won D.had won答案答案 B句意:国际足联女足世界杯的比赛将于2019年在法国各地开战,法国男足赢得了2018年世界杯。本题考查动词的时态。法国男足赢得2018世界杯发生在过去,应用一般过去时,故选B项。14.(2019江苏苏锡常镇教情调查一,27)With people paying attention to fitness,
21、self-service mini-gyms,each covering about 5 square meters,in Chinas major cities these years.A.have sprung upB.sprang upC.had sprung up D.spring up答案答案 A句意:这些年来,随着人们对于健康的关注,占地大约5平方米的小型自助健身馆在中国的许多大城市涌现了出来。本题考查动词的时态。these years常与现在完成时连用,故选A项。15.(2019江苏苏州学业质量阳光指标调研,32)The power is off,Mom.I am going t
22、o Grandpas.OK,just stay there until the power .A.will be restoredB.is restoredC.will restore D.has restored答案答案 B句意:停电了,妈妈。我打算去爷爷家。好的,你待在那儿直到电力恢复。考查动词的时态和语态。电力应在将来被恢复,而在until引导的时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,故用一般现在时的被动语态,选B项。思路点拨思路点拨本题既考查语态又考查时态。考生在解题时可先确定语态;再确定从句的时态;也可以先从状语从句的时态要求来确定时态,再考虑主谓语之间的关系。16.(2018苏
23、锡常镇一模)There a slight decrease in his weight but he eats too much.A.was B.could have beenC.had beenD.could be答案答案 D考查虚拟语气。句意:他的体重本来可以减轻一些的,但他吃得太多了。根据后文的eats可确定此处用could be表示对现在的虚拟,本可能,选D。17.(2018扬州中学四模)Dont worry too much,Mum!My friends to consider your advice.Let me remind them of it now.A.could forg
24、etB.could have forgottenC.should forgetD.should have forgotten答案答案 B考查虚拟语气。句意:不要太过担心,妈妈!我的朋友们可能已经忘记考虑您的建议了。我现在就提醒他们。could have done过去本可以做却没做。should have done过去本应该做却没有做。18.(2018第二次全国大联考江苏卷)I could have worked out to stay in shape,but the math classes and exercises all my spare time.A.take upB.have ta
25、ken upC.took upD.are taking up答案答案 C考查动词时态。句意:我本可以做运动保持体形的,但是数学课和练习题占用了我所有的业余时间。could have done“过去本可以做某事却没有做”,这是表示发生在过去的事情,因此用一般过去时。19.(2018泰州中学二模)The artist is said during the production and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.A.to be cheated B.being cheatedC.to have been cheatedD.
26、having been cheated答案答案 C考查非谓语动词。be said to do表示“据说”,再根据后半句and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya可知事情已经发生,故用不定式的完成式。故选C。20.(2018南京、盐城一模)When do you think I can access Blackberry App World on my computer?Not until you your device password correctly.A.entered B.will enterC.have enter
27、ed D.will have entered答案答案 C句意:你觉得我什么时候可以在我的电脑上进入黑莓应用世界?直到你正确输入设备密码。本题考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,enter your device password correctly应发生在将来,但until引导的时间状语从句通常用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来,故选C项。拓展提升练拓展提升练1.(2018江苏)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other,for we more convenient electronic communication tools
28、 by then.A.have developed B.had developedC.will have developedD.developed答案答案 C句意:在2025年我们有望不再互相发电子邮件了,因为到那时我们就已经开发出更便捷的电子交流工具了。考查动词时态。根据语境和时间状语in 2025,by then可知,此处表达“说话者认为在将来某个时间已经完成某事了”,所以要用将来完成时,故答案为C项。2.(2018江苏)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan in the past two
29、years.A.had been carried outB.would be carried outC.is being carried out D.has been carried out答案答案 A句意:上个月我被派到这个村子来看看在过去的两年发展计划的实施情况。考查动词的时态。设空处表示的动作应该发生在主句谓语动词was sent之前,属于“过去的过去”,所以要用过去完成时,故答案为A项。3.(2019江苏扬州一模)If she make such a simple wish as not to be teased for disability last Christmas,Amy wo
30、uld still feel lonely now.A.had dared not B.hadnt dared to C.dared not D.didnt dare to答案答案 B句意:如果Amy在去年的圣诞节不敢许下如此简单的愿望不因为残疾而被嘲笑,她现在仍然会感到孤独。本题考查虚拟语气。根据last Christmas可知,从句与过去事实相反,应用had done结构;dare作为实意动词的固定用法为dare to do sth.,故选B项。解题技巧解题技巧本题结合dare的用法考查虚拟语气,属于考查英语知识的综合运用能力。考生可以先抓住一个知识点进行排除。本题可以先根据虚拟语气排除C
31、、D两项,然后再结合dare的具体用法,做出最终的选择。4.(2019江苏第二次百校联考)Keep your spirits up even if you fail hundreds of times.A.must B.need C.may D.should答案答案 C句意:即使你可能失败了几百次,也要保持士气高昂。本题考查情态动词的用法。must必须,一定;need需要;may可能,或许;should应该。此处表示一种不确定的推测,故选C项。5.(2019江苏徐州第一次质检)Its really great to have a computer to store my photos.Dont
32、 count on it too much.It break down and youd better make a copy of them.A.must B.canC.should D.will答案答案 B句意:有一台电脑来存储我的照片真是太好了。别太指望它。它可能会发生故障,你最好把它们复制一份。本题考查情态动词的用法。must必须,肯定;can能够,有可能;should应该;will会。can可以用在肯定句中表示推测,表示客观存在的可能性,故选B项。6.(2019江苏泰州中学、宜兴中学等校4月联合调研)Why I drive so many miles away for a suppe
33、r when I can easily have it at one of the restaurants nearby?A.mightB.couldC.wouldD.must答案答案 D句意:在我可以很方便地在附近的一家餐馆吃饭的情况下,我为什么非要开车这么多英里去吃个晚饭?本题考查情态动词的用法。might可以,有可能;could能够;would 会;must必须,肯定,非要。must可以表示非要,含有质疑、责备的语气,故选D项。7.(2019江苏苏州学业质量阳光指标调研)the food,the foreign guests did enjoy the dinner for the Sp
34、ring Festival.A.Eat up B.Eaten upC.To eat upD.Having eaten up答案答案 D句意:外国客人吃光了这些食物,他们真的很享受这顿年夜饭。本题考查非谓语动词。句子主语为the foreign guests,与eat up之间存在主动关系;eat up 动作发生在enjoy之前,应用现在分词的完成式,故选D项。8.(2019江苏泰州一模)The news said that the death toll in the tsunami in Indonesia had climbed over 400,with a lot more report
35、ed .A.to miss B.to have been missingC.having missed D.missing答案答案 B 句意:新闻报道说在印尼海啸中的死亡人数已经攀升至400多,据报道还有更多的人失踪。本题考查非谓语动词。be reported to do sth.为固定用法,排除C、D两项;报道时,那些人已经失踪,应用动词不定式的完成进行式,故选B项。9.(2019江苏扬州一模)her before,he didnt know she was his daughter.A.Not having seenB.Having not seen C.Not seeing D.Not
36、to see答案答案 A句意:由于以前没有见过她,所以他不知道她是他的女儿。本题考查非谓语动词。句子主语he为非谓语动词的逻辑主语,与see之间存在主动关系;而没见过她比不知道她是他的女儿先发生,应用现在分词的完成式作原因状语,相当于As he hadnt seen her before.,故选A项。10.(2019江苏南通一模)Ted has never been so rude!He something he shouldnt have,but I guess he didnt mean that.A.has said B.had said C.said D.was saying答案答案
37、C句意:Ted从来没有这样粗鲁过!他说了他本不该说的东西,但是我想这不是他的本意。本题考查动词的时态。根据第一句时态现在完成时及第二句中shouldnt have(said)可知,Ted说了不该说的粗鲁话,发生在过去,应用一般过去时,故选C项。11.(2019江苏无锡一模)David,are you listening to me?Sorry,sir.I of the lecture I attended yesterday.A.have thought B.was thinking C.am thinking D.thought答案答案 B句意:David,你在听我(讲课)吗?对不起,先生。
38、我刚才正在想我昨天参加的讲座。本题考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,老师在问David在不在听他讲课,老师讲课在对话之前,此处表示老师讲课时David正在做的事,应用过去进行时,故选B项。12.(2019江苏无锡一模)I wonder what makes him a good English teacher.He as a volunteer in the UK for two years,which helps him with his work a lot.A.has served B.serves C.had served D.served答案答案 D句意:我想知道是什么让他成为一名优秀的
39、英语老师。他在英国做过两年志愿者,这对他的工作很有帮助。本题考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,他现在是英语老师,在这之前曾在英国做了两年志愿者,应用一般过去时,故选D项。易错警示易错警示此题易错用现在完成时态。for后接一个时间段,是否用现在完成时需看该时间段有没有延续到现在,如果延续到现在,用现在完成时;如果没延续到现在,则有可能用一般过去时或过去完成时。13.(2019江苏镇江一模)An exhibition with 885 cultural relics to be displayed at the Meridian Gate Gallery.A.was heldB.would hold
40、C.has hold D.will be held答案答案 D句意:一个有885件文物要展示的展览将在午门画廊举办。本题考查动词的时态。根据to be displayed可知,动词不定式表示将来,展览是将被举行,应用一般将来时的被动语态,故选D项。14.(2018常州高三期末考试)When the Americans objected to this,what did the British do?They did not compromise,but increased control,away many of their rights,and soldiers there.A.taking
41、;stationing B.taking;to stationC.took;stationing D.took;to station答案答案 A 考查非谓语。下句句意:他们没有妥协,反而加强了控制,夺走他们许多权力,并且在那儿驻兵。v.-ing表伴随,修饰前面的“加强控制”,stationing与前面的taking并列。15.(2018第三次全国大联考江苏卷)Can you do me a favour,Mr.Smith?My car start.No problem.You can count on it.A.won t B.mustntC.needn t D.shouldnt答案答案 A考
42、查情态动词。句意:史密斯先生,你能帮我一个忙吗?我的车发动不起来了。没问题。尽管放心。mustnt禁止;neednt不需要;shouldnt不应该。will作情态动词可以表示习惯或倾向性,其否定式wont是对此刻和未来情况的一种否定。结合句意,选A。16.(2018泰州中学二模)That was not the first time he us.I think its high time we strong action against him.A.betrayed;take B.had betrayed;tookC.has betrayed;tookD.has betrayed;take答案
43、答案 B考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:那不是他第一次背叛我们。我认为我们早该对他采取强硬措施了。根据“That/This was the+序数词+time+从句(谓语动词用过去完成时)”句式,可知第一空为had betrayed;在固定搭配Its(high/about)time.中,从句谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。17.(2018苏锡常镇一模)Our country has launched a campaign to ban smoking in public places,which with some heavy smokers.A.concerns B.was concerned
44、C.concerned D.is concerned答案答案 D句意:我国已经发起了一项禁止在公共场所吸烟的运动,这会涉及一些烟瘾大的人。本题考查动词时态。主句中用了现在完成时has launched,从句的时态应是现在时,排除B、C两项;be concerned with 与有关,涉及,牵连,故选D项。18.(2018苏锡常镇一模)Do you like the mobile game Traveling Frog?Yes,the posts about the virtual green frog over 4 million times.A.have read B.have been r
45、eadC.would be readD.are reading答案答案 B句意:你喜欢旅行青蛙这款手机游戏吗?是的,关于这只虚拟绿蛙的帖子已经被阅读了400多万次。本题结合时态考查动词的语态。帖子和阅读之间是被动的关系,再根据上下文语境可知,应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B项。19.(2018苏北四市高三第一次调研测试)Will you take over at the next service area?I want a short rest.Sure.You for over four hours by then.A.have driven B.have been drivingC.wil
46、l be drivingD.will have been driving答案答案 D考查时态。下句意为“到那时你将已经驾驶超过4小时了”,发生在将来,“for over four hours”表示一段时间,故选D。20.(2018南京三模)The banker finds it difficult just as an ordinary human being at home.A.to treat B.to be treatedC.to have treated D.to have been treated答案答案 B考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知此处表示“被对待”,排除A、C,不存在表示过去的
47、含义,不需要用have,排除D,故选B。1.At first glance,my hometown is no different from any other small town,its scenery actually among the best in the country.A.ranks B.rankC.ranking D.to rank答案答案 C考查独立主格。句意:乍一看,我的家乡和其他任何一个小镇没什么区别,实际上它的景色在全国排名名列前茅。前后主语不一致,用独立主格结构。易混易错练易混易错练The pupils in our school like reading afte
48、r lunch,most of seated on the grass unless it rains.A.themB.whomC.thatD.who答案答案 A考查独立主格。前后两句话之间没有连接词,而且中间是逗号,这个时候要考虑非谓语动词;后一分句中的“seated”为表示“就座”的非谓语动词,故应该是“most of them”,故A项正确。如果要选whom则需要考虑非限制性定语从句,即“most of whom are seated.”。The enquiry new facts,the judge had to postpone the trial again.A.to develo
49、p B.developedC.having developed D.being developed答案答案 C考查独立主格。句意:调查出现了新的事实,法官只好再次推迟审判。前后主语不一致,用独立主格结构。出现新的事实在法官推迟审判之前,用having developed表示动作发生在“推迟”这个动作之前。2.Much disappointed as he is in the job interview,he still keeps his con-fidence.A.to have failed B.failedC.having failedD.failing答案答案 A考查非谓语动词。句意:
50、尽管他工作面试失败很失望,但他仍然保持自信。as/though的倒装:形容词/状语/动词+as/though+主谓,本句中形容词disappointed提前,be disappointed to do sth.做某事感到失望。由he still keeps his confidence(他仍然保持自信)可知此处强调这件事带来的结果对后面产生了影响,因此用现在完成时态。Difficult as rumours on microblog,or Weibo,are ,the authorities will step up supervision so that people will not be
