1、语法填空语法填空啦啦来来1 1、阅读理解、阅读理解语篇语篇的能力的能力;2 2、分析、分析句子结构句子结构的能力的能力;3 3、熟练运用、熟练运用语法语法,短语短语的能力。的能力。Test yourself If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify(识别识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance.Then,handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a rea
2、l sense of 42(achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43(be)often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So,get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to
3、 get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.greater greater achievement achievementononisisasas Recent 46 (study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular).Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while,exercising,or doing
4、something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office,youll be less likely 49(bring)your work home.It could be anything-gardening,cooking,music,sportsbut whatever it is,50(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.studiesstudiesregular
5、lyregularly a ato bringto bringmakemake短文改错短文改错 题题专专 一、短文改错测试的要求和特点 短文改错考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性，所选短文体裁一般为我国中学生习作形式，错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等，通常为我国中学生在英语运用中常见的错误。具体的错误类型有：连词错误、形容词错误、副词错误、冠词错误、名词单复数错误、代词错误、非谓语动词错误、关系代词错误、关系副词错误、介词错误、词性错误、时态错误、语态错误、行文逻辑错误、谓语形式错误、短语搭配错误、用词混淆错误、中式英语、句子结构错误等。解题要领短文改错二、短文改错解题基本要领 1.短文改
6、错是以语篇形式呈现的，所以必须首先从整体上把握全文，了解短文的基本内容，对短文中的人物关系、行文逻辑、基本时态等有一个全面的了解。在整体上把握了全篇将有助于迅速、准确地发现和改正短文中的错误。2.以句为单位进行分析，寻找其中可能出现的错误。英语中的句式总的说来分为三大类：简单句，并列句和复合句。对于并列句和主从复合句，不可分割地去分析，应将并列句中的前后两个分句、主从复合句中的主句和从句作为一个整体进行分析。解题要领短文改错3.培养和强化运用英语词汇的各种变化形式的语言习惯和意识。短文改错中所设的许多错误其实是一些很基础的语言知识，如名词单复数错误、词性错误、代词错误、一般的时态错误等，但考生
7、做题时往往难于发现这些错误，看答案才恍然大悟。这就是缺乏运用英语词汇的各种变化形式的语言习惯和意识所致。这需要排除母语习惯的干扰，努力使自己适应英语语言的表达特点，并通过不断的语言实践，使自己的英语语言习惯和意识得到不断的强化，从而获得较强的发现错误能力。解题要领 短文改错这将有助于发现一些衔接上下句的连接词错误、行文逻辑错误以及一些搭配错误等。此外，也应注意句子内部的结构关系，对句子内部各部分的作用及联系应有较清楚的了解。可将句子中的“主谓（宾）”看作句子的核心部分，其余修饰部分（如定语、状语）和附加部分则是句子的延伸和补充，然后弄清楚这些修饰部分和附加部分在句中的作用。对句子结构进行分析有
8、助于发现那些在句子结构、词性、谓语形式、非谓语动词等方面所出现的错误。解题要领 短文改错Contents 高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则高考短文改错命题特征及命题趋势短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳2012年高考短文改错真题实战演练本题满分本题满分1010分，给出一篇约分，给出一篇约100100个单词的短文，文中有个单词的短文，文中有1010处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误即处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误即将其改正。错误类型包括将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面等方面的错误。的错误。注意答题说明及答题规范Introduction 文中共有
9、10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。u 增加增加 （1-21-2个）个）在缺词处加一个漏字符号（在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。），并在其下面写上该加的词。u 删除删除 （1-21-2个）个）把多余的词用斜线（把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。不计分。）划掉。不计分。u 修改修改 （6-86-8个）个）在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。u 注意：注意：1 1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2 2、只允许修改、只允许修改1010处，多者（丛第处，多者（
10、丛第1111处起）不计分。处起）不计分。注意答题说明及答题规范 纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，学生和老师都认为纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，学生和老师都认为难度不大，然而，每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深难度不大，然而，每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深感头痛，主要原因是：感头痛，主要原因是：u 考生的英语基础知识不扎实考生的英语基础知识不扎实.u 考生缺乏对短文改错命题考生缺乏对短文改错命题 特点的了解和做题规律方特点的了解和做题规律方法的总结法的总结.Problems重视重视掌握基本的词汇和语法知掌握基本的词汇和语法知识识;规范使用常用的规范使用常用的词语和习语词语和习语.广泛阅读，广泛阅读，增
11、强语感增强语感，提高语言知识运用的准确性，提高语言知识运用的准确性 .做题时以句子为单位，做题时以句子为单位，从语篇角度把握内容从语篇角度把握内容,查找行查找行文逻辑错误。文逻辑错误。错误的设置一般都是中学生写作时常出现的错误错误的设置一般都是中学生写作时常出现的错误 。改错训练和书面表达训练结合改错训练和书面表达训练结合。Tipsu 短文中所设的错误大部分都是所谓的短文中所设的错误大部分都是所谓的“语法语法”错误错误,但是这种试题并不是单纯检测语法知识但是这种试题并不是单纯检测语法知识的的,而是检测考生的写作能力中的校验能力。而是检测考生的写作能力中的校验能力。试题的立意特征高考短文改错命题
12、特征及命题趋势u 高考短文改错涉及词汇、语法、句型结构等方高考短文改错涉及词汇、语法、句型结构等方面的知识和逻辑推断和综合辨析面的知识和逻辑推断和综合辨析,是一种在较是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。合运用能力的测试题型。u 题材以记叙文为主题材以记叙文为主,题材和语言符合中学生实题材和语言符合中学生实际际;句子结构由简单句主逐渐过渡到以复合句句子结构由简单句主逐渐过渡到以复合句和并列句为主。学生在平时写作中常出现的错和并列句为主。学生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错的考查的重点。误是短文改错的考查的重点。试题的情
13、景特征高考短文改错命题特征及命题趋势u 高考短文改错的难度、错误类型设置、文章高考短文改错的难度、错误类型设置、文章长度通常不会有太大变化。长度通常不会有太大变化。u 考查会更加注重语用功能考查会更加注重语用功能,取材范围将更广取材范围将更广泛泛,并注重语言的综合运用能力。并注重语言的综合运用能力。试题的命题趋势高考短文改错命题特征及命题趋势 What types of mistakes are usually involved in Passage Correcting?What is the method of correcting?高考短文改错命题规律Discussion高考短文改错命题
14、规律 题量 考点年份 动词名词连词形容词副词代词冠词介词07全国I卷1120121108全国I卷4110010209宁夏海南4011011110课标全国2211001211课标全国32111111合计146632547 动词形，名词数动词形，名词数 还要注意形和副还要注意形和副 非谓语，细辨别非谓语，细辨别 介词短语要牢记介词短语要牢记A Limerick（五行打油诗）（五行打油诗）代词格，细领悟代词格，细领悟 句子成分多分析句子成分多分析 冠词连词常光顾冠词连词常光顾 逻辑错误须关注逻辑错误须关注 错误主要集中在动词的时态、语态，主谓一致等方面。错误主要集中在动词的时态、语态，主谓一致等方面
15、。【2006安徽卷安徽卷】Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.【2006安徽卷安徽卷】You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers,magazines and the other books,but you are not permit to take them out.wishespermitted短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳动词形【2006 NMET】We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before
16、.【2006天津天津】Today,I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.【2006四川四川】We hung a sign on the front door that was read:“Were having dinner.”hadadmitted【2006陕西陕西】Ill send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived.【2006湖北湖北】.sometimes all that is need is someone to re
17、ly on.【2007天津卷天津卷】In Grade Eight I took physics.In one test I get only 36 percent of the answers correct.gotarriveneeded【2010四川卷四川卷】And after many attempts,she past her driving test and told her husband that【2010四川卷四川卷】An English lady was finally decided that she really should learn to drive.【2010重庆
18、卷重庆卷】After hearing your sad stories,he will say some words that is nice and warm.passedare【2010陕西陕西】It was turned out to be her own cup.【2011陕西陕西】.by the time I got back,they have finished the scene and.【2011浙江浙江】She knows what had happened,but she thanked me.hadknew【2011全国卷全国卷1】However,my father ha
19、d to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon.【2011辽宁辽宁】In early January this year,the rate of UFO reports were steady.flewwas【2011全国卷全国卷I】I hold my lunch-box in my hand when I was going to school.The smell from it was very good【2011重庆卷重庆卷】Katia,like many other Russian girls,a
20、re nice and lively.heldis解决方案(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律.(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动.【2006浙江卷浙江卷】Your knowledges of English can help the whole class.【2006陕西卷陕西卷】The library has all kinds of book.Im sure you will find one you like.books knowledge名词爱考数与格，也要分清可不可名词爱考数与格，也要分清可不可短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳名词数【2006福建卷
21、福建卷】If you have interests in it,reply to me soon.【2006陕西卷陕西卷】They have all sorts of course.Im sure you will find one you like it.【2006重庆卷重庆卷】In summer,the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.interestcoursessky【2007陕西卷陕西卷】Personally,I found most lesson rather uninteresting.【2008浙江卷浙江卷】A n
22、earby company was looking for students with good handwriting to write addresses on envelope.The pay was 10 cents per envelope.【2010四川卷四川卷】In fact,Ive nearly killed three peoples.lessons envelopespeople【2010全国全国 卷卷】Christie was one of my best friend at high school.【2011全国全国卷卷】My brother was so much f
23、ond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another a couple of day.【2011四川卷四川卷】Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning.trouble friends days【2011陕西卷陕西卷】.I came across a crew making a new film with one of my favorite actor.【2011浙江卷浙江卷】I was playing at my cousin house.【20
24、11辽宁卷辽宁卷】.the rate of UFO reports was steady,around three per weeks.actors cousinsweek1.修饰修饰名词名词，作宾补作宾补及及连系动词连系动词后用形容词；后用形容词；2.修饰修饰动词动词，形容词形容词，副词副词及及整个句子整个句子时时用副词用副词；3.比较级比较级和和最高级最高级的使用。的使用。【2006福建卷福建卷】We can hear birds singing happy all around.【2007浙江卷浙江卷】I won the race.I felt very proudly of mysel
25、f.proudhappily短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳还要注意形和副【2006辽宁卷辽宁卷】She was usual patient with her students and never made them disappointed.【2008全国卷全国卷卷卷】I will learn more about the history of the Olympics as good as the 2008 Olympic games.usuallywell【2009陕西卷陕西卷】The doctor says he is recovering fast than expected.【2010
26、辽宁卷辽宁卷】She was,in fact,rather attractively.fasterattractive【2010重庆卷重庆卷】Still,your happiness makes him happily too.【2011四川卷四川卷】Im pleasing to hear it,”said his boss,”but where were you yesterday?”happypleased【2007浙江卷浙江卷】I could not to run very fast and fell behind.【2007宁夏卷宁夏卷】Li Ming came see me ever
27、y day.to主要错误为三种：非谓语的主要错误为三种：非谓语的混淆混淆；不定式；不定式to的的遗遗漏漏或或多用多用；非谓语与谓语动词的；非谓语与谓语动词的混淆混淆。短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳非谓语，细辨别【2008重庆卷重庆卷】And there were many meaningful things that were worth think of.【2008辽宁卷辽宁卷】We all enjoyed this precious day greatly,remember the time we spent together and the people they were familia
28、r with.rememberingthinking【2009浙江浙江】It was a lesson that it was possible give without expecting anything in return.【2010课标全国卷课标全国卷】On the box was a card said:“25 cents.”tosaying【2010浙江卷浙江卷】I noticed Mother looking at the nearby table occupy by an elderly woman.【2010重庆卷重庆卷】He had time for a proper br
29、eakfast and was still the first reach the factory.occupiedto【2011陕西卷陕西卷】I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favorite actors.【2011四川卷四川卷)】The man did as told and slept really well,wake up before the alarm had even gone off.makingwaking【2011辽宁卷辽宁卷】The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who
30、 was directly responsible for the study of all such reports,decided to making his findings known.make解决方案(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分.(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)前后联系，整体把握.lose my heart such many peoplein hurry in a shortin Sunday afternoonaonso介词多半考搭配介词多半考搭配,多、漏、误用想周到多、漏、误用想周到介词、短语要牢记短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳【2006天津卷天津卷
31、】Because the help you gave me that summer,my life changed.【2006福建卷福建卷】I have been told one more worker will be needed this year and I think you are fit it.【2006福建卷福建卷】It is so a beautiful place!offorsuch【2011浙江卷浙江卷】I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy.【2011陕西卷陕西卷】.about to leave wh
32、en he walked out a building【2011浙江卷浙江卷】There was one on particular Id always wanted.ofin解决方案(1)平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.(2)强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能.(3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来.人称代词人称代词的性别，单复数及代词格的误用；的性别，单复数及代词格的误用；物主代词物主代词，反身代词反身代词以及以及不定代词不定代词的误用；的误用；“it”一词的不当使用一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式主语包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语或宾
33、语)；Whose 和和whos，its和和 its的混淆的混淆代词方面的错误主要体现在：代词方面的错误主要体现在：代词格，须领悟短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称第二人称第三人称Imeweusyouyouyouyouhehimsheheritittheythem单数复数形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mine yourshishers itsoursyourstheirs【2007全国全国I卷卷】I was only about six when he held his hand out to me.I took
34、 it in me and we walked.【2007陕西卷陕西卷】Just at that time I woke up and found me still in bed!minemyself【2008全国全国II卷卷】I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them their great achievement.【2011重庆卷重庆卷】With the help of Katia,a roommate of me,Ive soon got used to living with
35、out my parents.【2011全国全国II卷卷】Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals.ourmineus解决方案(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握it的各种用法.(3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。句法涉及到句法涉及到一致一致,从句多考从句多考引导词引导词（误用误用，多用多用或或遗漏遗漏）【2007天津卷天津卷】I was lucky enough to have a teacher whi
36、ch didnt take my bad grades as a judgment of my abilities.who/that句子成分多分析短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳【2008年安徽卷年安徽卷】She looked at me and started to laugh.“How are you laughing?”I asked.【2009辽宁卷辽宁卷】One day I saw a second-hand bicycle,that was only one hundred yuan.Whywhich【2010陕西卷陕西卷】It turned out to be her own cup
37、,that shed left on the shelf by mistake.【2010宁夏青海卷宁夏青海卷】.let me know what things are going.whichhow【2011辽宁卷辽宁卷】.the rate of UFO reports were steady.【2011重庆卷重庆卷】Katia will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been to China several times.waswhom【2010重庆卷重庆卷】Here is my idea about how a fri
38、end is like.【2010全国全国卷卷】So if they had said was true,I would have a chance of winning the prize.whatwhat解决方案（1）不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；（2）不同的语境要选择不同的词语。（3）只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。冠词在前冠词在前“错错”“多多”“少少”。常考的错误形式有：冠词常考的错误形式有：冠词the,a,an 的误用，多用或少用。的误用，多用或少用。【2oo7全国卷全国卷II】I meant to write long letter and tell y
39、ou all the things Im doing at the schoola冠词、连词常光顾短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳【2007四川卷四川卷】An Australian farmer found the kangaroo caught in the fence around his farms.【2010陕西卷陕西卷】Then she bent down and picked up to look at a price on it.a the【2011陕西卷陕西卷】He was right there in the front of me.【2010 课标全国卷课标全国卷】My fri
40、end Nick told me story about his experience back in the US.a【2011全国卷全国卷2】If youd like to make trip to our city some day,I will be more than happy to be your guide.【2011浙江卷浙江卷】It was very nice to get your invitation to spend weekend with you.a the 连词连词常考常考 but，and，or,so 等的等的逻辑错误逻辑错误，以及，以及搭配错误搭配错误。【20
41、06辽宁卷辽宁卷】She always made sure that our homework was finished on time,but she marked strictly on our actual performance.and短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳【2007浙江卷浙江卷】Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot.【2007四川卷四川卷】He thought the poor animal was injured,but the kind farmer took off his ja
42、cket and put on the animal.whenso【2007四川卷四川卷】He worked hard,but it wasnt surprising that he pass the exam.【2010课程标准卷课程标准卷】my neighbor picked up the box but announced and/soand【2010辽宁卷辽宁卷】Her hair was black and purple,and she wore black sports shoes and a black sweater,although in the summer.【2010全国全
43、国】All I had to do was to write a story or present it.evenand【2011四川四川】His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start coming on time,but he went to the doctor for a help.【2011全国全国II卷卷】Its been a week after we left your family and we are now back home.asosince词法句法均未错词法句法均未错,逻辑推理来寻找。逻辑推理来寻找。主要是句子之主要是句子之
44、间逻辑关系的矛盾，代词在人称上的不一致等。间逻辑关系的矛盾，代词在人称上的不一致等。【2006四川卷四川卷】That night，we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant,uninterrupted meals.we逻辑错误须关注短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳【2010陕西卷陕西卷】The assistant was clearly as embarrassed as my sister,for I just thought it was funny.【2011辽宁卷辽宁卷】Wayne Tyler decided to make h
45、is findings known.They wrote an article Hebut/yet/while【2011陕西卷陕西卷】I didnt have my camera with me at that time,but I rushed back home to get【2011陕西卷陕西卷】Unfortunately,by the time I got back,they had finished the scene and the actor couldnt be seen everywhere.and/soanywhere【2011全国卷全国卷II】If youd like t
46、o make a trip to my city some day,I will be better than happy to be your guide.u I have to take up a part-time job because my family is rich enough.morenot三步高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则u 通读全文，把握通读全文，把握大意大意 u 细读全文，仔细细读全文，仔细斟酌斟酌u 再读全文再读全文,复核复核审查审查六原则u 以在有错行改动一词为原则以在有错行改动一词为原则.u 以改变实词形式为原则以改变实词形式为原则.u 以单词形式变化最小为原则以
47、单词形式变化最小为原则.u 以添加或删除虚词为原则以添加或删除虚词为原则.u 以多以多“改正改正”少少“添删添删”为原则为原则u 以以保持原意不变保持原意不变为原则为原则高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则四不改u 标点符号标点符号不改。不改。u 大小写大小写不改。不改。u 词序错误词序错误不改。不改。u 单词拼写单词拼写不改。不改。高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.From the time I was about four until I was
48、about six,I destroyed each of my toy.I was happy when the toys worked,but when things did wrong,I got angry and broke it.For a while parents bought me new toys.But before long they began to see which was happening.When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train,my father said,Thats it.No more toys to
49、you.My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile,I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.My attitude changed from then on.【2012全国新课标、海南卷】2012年高考短文改错真题实战演练 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.From the time I was about four until I was about six
50、,I destroyed each of my toy.I was happy when the toys worked,but when things did wrong,I got angry and broke it.For a while parents bought me new toys.lessmythemgowenttoys形容词名词数代词误用动词搭配逻辑错误【2012全国新课标解析】But before long they began to see which was happening.When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy trai
