1、壹贰叁肆壹1.philosophy n.哲学philosopher n.哲学家；哲人philosophically adv.哲学上；贤明地2.descendant n.后裔；后代；子孙 descend v.下降；下倾；降临descending adj.递降的3.individual adj.单独的；个别的 n.个人 individually adv.个别地；单独地 4.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑puzzlement n.迷惑；费解puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的5.nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近n
2、ear adv.在附近 prep.接近；靠近 adj.近6.military adj.军事的；军国主义militarist n.军事家；军国主义者7.defence n.防御；保卫 defensive v.防御8.legal adj.法律的；合法的legality n.合法illegal adj.非法的（反义词）9.surround vt.围绕；包围 surrounding n.环境10.evidence n.证据；证明evident adj.清楚地；显然的11.achievement n.成就；成绩；达到 achieve v.达到；完成12.location n.地方；地点；位置 locat
3、e v.位于 13.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的fascinated adj.入迷的fascinate v.入迷14.announce vt.宣布；通知；声称 announcement n.公告 15.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的generosity n.慷慨；大方16.eager adj.热切的；渴望的 eagerness n.渴望；热心 eagerly adv.急切地；渴望地；热心地17.striking adj.引人注目的；显著的strikingly adv.显著地；突出地strike v.打击；罢工；冲击；侵袭贰Read the pictur
4、es below and try to make up a Read the pictures below and try to make up a complete story according to your plete story according to your understanding.Observe the rules of the past participleObserve the rules of the past participleAppreciate the story,read it with your emotion and pay Appreciate th
5、e story,read it with your emotion and pay attention to the coloured words.attention to the coloured words.It was snowing and very cold outside.A little girl was walking in the street,It was snowing and very cold outside.A little girl was walking in the street,selling matches.She didnt wear any shoes
6、 because she had her shoes selling matches.She didnt wear any shoes because she had her shoes lostlost.She looked very worried because there were lots of She looked very worried because there were lots of burntburnt matches left.She matches left.She wished all her matches wished all her matches sold
7、sold but nobody bought a single one.She was so cold but nobody bought a single one.She was so cold that she sat in a corner with her legs that she sat in a corner with her legs huddled huddled up.up.Observe the rules of the past participleObserve the rules of the past participleShe lit a match and s
8、aw a Christmas tree She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorateddecorated very beautifully.The very beautifully.The lighted lighted candles were burning brightly and she seemed very delighted.She lit candles were burning brightly and she seemed very delighted.She lit another one and saw her gr
9、andmother.She asked her grandmother to take another one and saw her grandmother.She asked her grandmother to take her away.her away.The next day,people saw the girl The next day,people saw the girl frozen frozen to death.What a poor girl!to death.What a poor girl!Observe the rules of the past partic
10、ipleObserve the rules of the past participle The The lightedlighted candles were burning brightly candles were burning brightly there were lots of there were lots of burntburnt left left.saw a Christmas tree saw a Christmas tree decorated decorated very beautifullyvery beautifully.Observe the senten
11、ces and find the rules of the past Observe the sentences and find the rules of the past participle.participle.单个的过去分词用作定语通常置于其所修饰的名词单个的过去分词用作定语通常置于其所修饰的名词之之 ;过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之的名词之 ，作，作 。前前后后后置定语后置定语Observe the rules of the past participleObserve the rules of the past parti
12、ciple1.She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree1.She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated very beautifully.decorated very beautifully.=She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree=She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which which was decorated very beautifully.was decorated very beautifully
13、.过去分词作定语，可以转化成相对应的过去分词作定语，可以转化成相对应的_ _ 从句。从句。定语定语Observe the sentences and find the rules of the past Observe the sentences and find the rules of the past participle.participle.Observe the rules of the past participleObserve the rules of the past participle1.They use the same flag,which is known as
14、the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.即学即用即学即用Observe the rules of the past participleObserve the rules of the past participle2.This is a little similar to the Brit
15、ish tradition of an informal cup of tea served with snacks.This is a little similar to the British tradition of an informal cup of tea which is served with snacks.即学即用即学即用Observe the rules of the past participleObserve the rules of the past participleShe didnt wear any shoes because she had her shoe
16、s lostlost.She wished all her matches soldsold but nobody bought a single one.She was so cold that she sat in a corner with her legs huddled huddled up.The next day,people saw the girl frozenfrozen to death.What a poor girl!过去分词紧跟在过去分词紧跟在_ _ 之后作之后作_ ,用于补充完用于补充完整宾语的含义，过去分词与宾语存在整宾语的含义，过去分词与宾语存在_关系。关系。
17、宾语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语被动被动Observe the rules of the past participle:Rule OneObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule OneShe didnt wear any shoes because she She didnt wear any shoes because she hadhad her her shoes _.shoes _.lostlostObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule TwoObserve the rules of t
18、he past participle:Rule TwoThe girls are The girls are havinghaving their eyesight _.their eyesight _.(examine)(examine)examinedexaminedObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule TwoObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule Two He had his hair _(cut).He had his hair _(cut).He had his clothes
19、_(wash).He had his clothes _(wash).He had his room _(clean).He had his room _(clean).He had his walls _(paint).He had his walls _(paint).He had his bike _(repair).He had his bike _(repair).cutcutwashedwashedcleaned cleaned paintedpaintedrepairedrepairedObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule T
20、woObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule TwolHe will havehave his eyes examinedexamined tomorrow.lHe hadhad the walls paintedpainted this morning.lBe careful,or youll havehave your hands hurthurt.1.意为“主语请别人做某事”,表示_。意为“使完成某事”。2.事情既可以是别人做，也可以由主语自己做，表示_。他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）3.意为“主语遭遇不测的事情”，表示_。have
21、have+宾语宾语 +过去分词过去分词 被动被动完成完成意外意外Observe the rules of the past participle:Rule TwoObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule TwoXiao Xin found all his money _(steal)on his way home.stolenstolenObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule Observe the rules of the past participle:Rule ThreeThreeI I
22、 sawsaw him _(blame)by his mother.him _(blame)by his mother.blamedblamedObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule ThreeObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule ThreeI I sawsaw him him (beat)by his mother.(beat)by his mother.beatenbeatenObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule ThreeObse
23、rve the rules of the past participle:Rule Three表示的动词后接宾语，表示的动词后接宾语，其宾语后可接作宾补，如：其宾语后可接作宾补，如：_ _ _等。等。表示：表示：_。感官或心理状态感官或心理状态过去分词过去分词notice,hear,listen to,feel,think,find,observe notice,hear,listen to,feel,think,find,observe see,watch,see,watch,“感受到某人或某事被做感受到某人或某事被做”Observe the rules of the past partic
24、iple:Rule ThreeObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule ThreeSummaryShe She wishedwished all her matches _ but nobody all her matches _ but nobody bought a single one.bought a single one.soldsoldObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule FourObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule Four
25、The father The father wantswants his daughter _(teach)his daughter _(teach)the piano.the piano.taughttaughtObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule FourObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule Four表示表示“希望；命令希望；命令”的动词如的动词如:like,order,want,like,order,want,wish,wish,可用过去分词作宾语补足语，相当于过去分词短可用过去分
26、词作宾语补足语，相当于过去分词短语前省略了语前省略了_,_,表示表示_。I wish these letters(to be)typed as soon as possible.I want the work(to be)finished by Sunday.Jim ordered the room(to be)cleaned.to beto be“希望希望 /要求某人或某事被做要求某人或某事被做”Observe the rules of the past participle:Rule FourObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule Fou
27、rShe was so cold that she sat in a corner She was so cold that she sat in a corner withwith her her legs _(huddle)up.legs _(huddle)up.huddledhuddledObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule FiveObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule FiveMy mother never allows me to play computer games wit
28、h my homework _(unfinish).unfinishedunfinishedObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule FiveObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule Five“with“with 宾语宾语 过去分词过去分词”结构中结构中,过去分词用过去分词用作介词作介词withwith的的 。过去分词与宾语之间是。过去分词与宾语之间是 _关系。关系。With water heated,we can see the steam rising.With the matter set
29、tled,we all went home happily.He stood there with his hands tied behind his back.宾语补足语宾语补足语 动宾动宾Observe the rules of the past participle:Rule FiveObserve the rules of the past participle:Rule Five get,have,make,keep,leave等等 watch,notice,see,hear,listen to,feel,find等等 want,wish,like,expect,order等等“wi
30、th+宾语宾语 +宾补宾补”过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系 主语主语 谓语动词谓语动词 宾语宾语 过去分词过去分词“致使某人或某事被致使某人或某事被”“感受到某人或某事被做感受到某人或某事被做”“希望希望 /要求某人或某事被做要求某人或某事被做”Summary 叁surround.with.用用包围包围be surrounded by/with被被包围包围vt.包围；围绕包围；围绕(surrounding adj.周围的；附近的周围的；附近的 surroundings n.环境环境)1surround(1)The (surround)fascinating lands
31、cape nearly took my breath away.surrounding(2)您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的建议吗？您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的建议吗？(应用文写应用文写作之求助信作之求助信)Would you please offer me some beneficial advice on _?(3)绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中折穿行其中。(2020全国全国，书面表达，书面表达)，the farm is located at the foot of
32、the hill near our school.There is a small river flowing through the farm.unfamiliar surroundingshow to adapt to theSurrounded by green trees charge sb.with(doing)sth.accuse sb.of(doing)sth.指控某人指控某人 犯犯罪罪 charge sb.money for sth.因因某事某事/物收某人钱物收某人钱 charge at向向发起冲锋，扑向发起冲锋，扑向 free of chargefor free免费免费 in
33、 charge of掌管掌管(表状态表状态)take charge of掌管掌管(表动作表动作)in the charge of被被掌管；由掌管；由负责负责vt.收费；控告；充电；收费；控告；充电；(向向)冲冲 n.收费；指控；主管收费；指控；主管2charge(1)We have enough evidence and confidence to charge you abuse of power.(2)The generous owner of the pub charged us only a small amount of money wine and beer.(3)上周我们就市民是
34、否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。(议论文写作议论文写作)Last week we had a heated debate about _ .withforwhether citizens can access theScience Museum free of charge/for free(4)张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我，就快要一口把张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我，就快要一口把我吃掉。我吃掉。(读后续写之动作链描写读后续写之动作链描写)Opening its bloody mouth，th
35、e fierce hungry wolf sprang to its feet suddenly，and was about to eat me up in one gulp.(5)我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。(2021全国甲，书面表达全国甲，书面表达)I will designed to introduce traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners.charged at mebe in charge of/take charge of a theme class meetin
36、g the amount of.的数量的数量 “大量大量/少量的少量的”表达：表达：a large/small amount ofn.Uv.(单数单数)large/small amounts ofn.Uv.(复数复数)amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于共计，总计；等于，相当于n.金额；数量金额；数量 v.总计，共计；相当于，等于总计，共计；相当于，等于3amount(1)Yesterday large amounts of honey and butter (be)used to make this kind of snack.(2)A large amount of money (b
37、e)spent on the construction of the school last year.(3)青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。，which gradually ruins their health.werewasThe amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year(4)为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。(应用文写作之建应用文写作之建议信议信)In order to keep heal
38、thy，_ .(5)暑假期间我总共挣了暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。(20216月浙江，读后续写月浙江，读后续写)The money I earned during the summer holiday ，which could help support my family.a proper amount of regular exercise is quitenecessaryamounted to 300 dollars an approach to(doing)sth.(做某事的做某事的)方法方法/途径；接近，靠近途径；接近，
39、靠近 at the approach of在快到在快到的时候的时候 be approaching正在正在/将要接近将要接近 with.approaching在在快到的时候快到的时候 approach sth./sb.接近接近某物某物/某人某人n.接近；方法；途径接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近靠近4approach(1)With the Spring Festival (approach)，we became more and more excited.(2)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是为我们提供不同的解决困难的方我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是
40、为我们提供不同的解决困难的方法法。(2020全国全国，书面表达，书面表达)The person I respect most is my headteacher who _ .(3)随着汽车靠近随着汽车靠近Brunswick，Vingo浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。(读后续写之读后续写之心理描写心理描写)(with的复合结构的复合结构)，Vingo shook all over，feeling like sitting on pins and needles.approachingalways offers usdifferent approaches to handling our
41、 difficultiesWith the bus approaching Brunswick(4)简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。停。(读后续写之动作链描写读后续写之动作链描写)Jane got to her feet shakily，and threw herself into his arms，sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulders.approached her husband be eager to do sth.渴望渴望做某事做某事 be eager f
42、or sth.渴望渴望得到某物得到某物 with eagerness热切地；急切地热切地；急切地 hide ones eagerness掩饰某人的渴望掩饰某人的渴望adj.渴望的；热切的渴望的；热切的(eagerly adv.热心地；急切地热心地；急切地eagerness n.热切；渴望热切；渴望)5eager(1)I looked at the poet straight in the eyes and wanted to know the truth with (eager).eagerness(2)As soon as we came to the new city，we found o
43、urselves eager _(have)a taste of local snacks.(3)The young man was eager a good position in that company after he graduated.(4)当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。望。(读后续写之心理描写读后续写之心理描写)When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday，_ .to haveforthe boycouldnt hide his
44、 eagernessbreak up打碎；分裂，解体；结束；打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等关系等)破裂破裂break down垮掉；分解；出故障垮掉；分解；出故障break into破门而入破门而入break in破门而入；打断；插话破门而入；打断；插话break out(战争、洪水、火灾等战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发爆发突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱6break away(from sb./sth.)用用break短语的适当形式填空短语的适当形式填空(1)My dog suddenly me，charged at the door and began to bark fi
45、ercely.(读后续写之动作链描写读后续写之动作链描写)(2)Fred has given me no good reason for being eager to our marriage.(3)Finally I ，shedding tears with my face covered.(读后续读后续写之心理描写写之心理描写)(4)When I got home，I found my house and some money stolen.(5)He was charging his mobile phone when the fire .broke away frombreak upb
46、roke downbroken intobroke outa sense of belonging归属感归属感注意：注意：belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式。形式。属于；是属于；是的成员；是的成员；是的组成部分的组成部分belong vi.应在应在(某某处处)；适应，合得来；适应，合得来 belonging n.(U)归属；归属；(pl.)所有物；财产所有物；财产7belong to(1)Having sold most of his (belong)，the poet almost had nothing l
47、eft in the house.belongings(2)The pub (belong)to me is being decorated now.(3)正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们我才有了归属感。正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们我才有了归属感。It is because of my generous and kind-hearted classmates _ .belongingthat I feel asense of belonging as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常通常不位于句首。作不位于句首
48、。作“也，还也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数数 与与as well as前面的主语保持一致前面的主语保持一致(就远原则就远原则)。用作用作介词时，介词时，as well as相当于相当于besides，in addition to，意思，意思为为 “除除之外之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。同同(一样也一样也)；和；还；和；还8as well as(1)Your wife as well as you (be)friendly and generous，for which I am very gr
49、ateful.(2)As well as (eat)a five-course meal，they drank seven bottles of wine.(3)我们的班主任和五名学生代表被邀请在昨天的成人礼上发表演讲我们的班主任和五名学生代表被邀请在昨天的成人礼上发表演讲。(2020天津，书面表达天津，书面表达)_ at yesterdays coming-of-age ceremony.iseatingOur headteacher as well as five student representatives was invited todeliver a speechThe peace
50、ful landscape of the“Emerald Isle”and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石绿宝石(爱尔兰爱尔兰)岛岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。9with的的复合复合结构结构with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语，主要包括：的复合结构在句中作状
