1、选择性必修第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle人教版高中英语单词1alcohol n酒；酒精alcoholic adj.(含)酒精的 n酗酒者2physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的physically adv.身体上；肉体上3repeatedly adv.重复地repeat vt.重复repeated adj.重复的repetition n重复4psychology n心理学；心理；心理影响psychological adj.心理(学)的psychologist n心理学家5reward n回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬rewarding ad
2、j.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的6rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的7examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验examination n考试(exam)；检查；审查8pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的pessimism n悲观主义9compose vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写composition n组成；作曲；作文composer n作曲家10surgeon n外科医生surgery n外科手术；外科学11disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的12specialist n专科医
3、生；专家special adj.特别的；专门的specially adv.特别地；专门specialize vt.专门研究；专门从事13consultant n顾问；高级顾问医师consult vt.&vi.请教；咨询 vt.查阅；参考14sugary adj.含糖的；甜的sugar n糖15refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新refreshing adj.令人振奋的refreshment n焕发精神；恢复活力16absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的语法Activity 1读句感悟读句感悟阅读下列句子，认真感悟加颜色部分，并完成方框
4、下的小题。阅读下列句子，认真感悟加颜色部分，并完成方框下的小题。(1)However，during this period，it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.(2)To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenagers life is essential.(3)To change bad habits is never easy，even with many attempts.(4)After all，it is not easy to break ba
5、d habits.1.以上句子中动词不定式都是以上句子中动词不定式都是作作 。2.句句(1)和句和句(4)中中it作作 ，真正的主语是后面真正的主语是后面的的 。主语主语形式主语形式主语动词不定式动词不定式Activity 2语法精析语法精析一、基本用法一、基本用法动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To look after these naughty boys is really difficult.照看这些淘气的男孩真的很难。照看这些淘气的男孩真的很难。为了避免头重脚轻，常用为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语放在句首，作主语的不定式作形式主语放在句首
6、，作主语的不定式常置于句末。常置于句末。It would be better for you to go there.你还是去那里的好。你还是去那里的好。语言点Observe and Discover1.It isnt right to talk like that.2.Its difficult to master English.3.Its hard for me to answer the question.4.It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.以上四个句子有两点共同之处：以上四个句子有
7、两点共同之处：1.句子的真正主语都是句子的真正主语都是_，但都使用，但都使用it作形式主语；作形式主语；2.句子的表语都是句子的表语都是_。动词不定式动词不定式形容词形容词it+be+adj+(逻辑主语逻辑主语)+to do sth Observation 4Discover 4Observe and Discover动词不定式的逻辑主语常用动词不定式的逻辑主语常用_ _ 来表示，当形容词修饰动来表示，当形容词修饰动词不定式时，此时常用介词词不定式时，此时常用介词_。当表语形容词表示不定式的逻。当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，则用介词辑主语的性质或特征时，则用介词_。1.It
8、isnt right for us to stop half way.=To stop half way is not right.2.Its kind of you to think so much of us.=You are kind to think so much of us.for/of+sb forofObservation 5Discover 5Its very easy for him to work out this math problem.对他来说解出这道数学题很容易。对他来说解出这道数学题很容易。It was careless of him to make such
9、a mistake.He was careless to make such a mistake.犯了这样的错误，他太粗心了。犯了这样的错误，他太粗心了。二、动词不定式和动名词作主语的异同点二、动词不定式和动名词作主语的异同点1.动名词和不定式作主语的相同点动名词和不定式作主语的相同点(1)不定式和动名词作主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用不定式和动名词作主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来作来作形式主语，如：形式主语，如：It is not easy to learn English well.学好英语不容易。学好英语不容易。It is no use asking him for hel
10、p.向他求助是没有用的向他求助是没有用的。(2)如果主语用了不定式，表语和宾语也要用不定式；主语用了动名如果主语用了不定式，表语和宾语也要用不定式；主语用了动名词，表语和宾语也要用动名词，这在英语中称为词，表语和宾语也要用动名词，这在英语中称为对称性对称性，如：，如：To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。眼见为实。It is better to stay home than to go out.待在家里比出去要好待在家里比出去要好。Observe and Discover1.To see is to believe.2.To do this
11、 is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.3.To say is one thing and to do is another.4.To make a detailed plan is a good idea to make it successful.Observation 12.动名词和不定式作主语的不同点动名词和不定式作主语的不同点(1)不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作；表示泛指或一般的抽象的不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作；表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时，多用动名词。概念时，多用动名词。Walking is a good form of exercise f
12、or both the young and the old.散散步是一种老少皆宜的很好的运动形式。步是一种老少皆宜的很好的运动形式。Further thinking1._(do)morning exercises regularly is good for your health.2.It feels really good _(do)morning exercises today.Doingto do Complete the following sentences and compare their usages.(2)在在“Itbeno use(good/help/need等等)”之后常
13、用动名词作主语，之后常用动名词作主语，而少用不定式。而少用不定式。It is no use crying over the split milk.覆水难收。覆水难收。It is no help taking this medicine.服用这种药没有用。服用这种药没有用。注意：如果该句型中用了注意：如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语，就只能用不引出不定式的逻辑主语，就只能用不定式。定式。It is no good for us to do that exercise.我们做那种练习没有好处。我们做那种练习没有好处。(3)不定式可以和不定式可以和when，where，how，what，w
14、hether等连用，在等连用，在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而动名词则不能。句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而动名词则不能。Where to put the box seems hard to decide.很难决定把这个箱子放在哪里。很难决定把这个箱子放在哪里。Whether to do it hasnt been decided.是否做这件事还没定下来。是否做这件事还没定下来。返 回Observe and Discover1.How to use the computer is a question.2.Where to put the bikes is being discussed.3.Whe
15、n and where to have the meeting has not been decided._和动词不定式构成不定式短语作主语。疑问词包括疑问代词和动词不定式构成不定式短语作主语。疑问词包括疑问代词who、whom、what、which、whose以及疑问副词以及疑问副词when、where和和how。此外连接词此外连接词whether也适用。也适用。此时，疑问词此时，疑问词 +to do 结构可以转化为一结构可以转化为一个个_，例如：，例如：How to use the computer is a question.=_疑问词疑问词主语从句主语从句How we can use
16、the computer is a question.Observation 8Discover 8Observe and Discover1.It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.2.It will take us a long time to walk there.3.How long does it take to get there?4.How much did it cost you to send the package?Observation 7Discover 7以上四个句子是动词不定式
17、作真正主语，由以上四个句子是动词不定式作真正主语，由 it 作形式主语引导的作形式主语引导的句子，它们的谓语是句子，它们的谓语是 _。它们的共同句式是它们的共同句式是_，表示某人花多少时间或金钱做某事。表示某人花多少时间或金钱做某事。take/costit takes(costs)sb some time/money todosth(1)I benefited a lot from the (reward)speech delivered by a specialist in psychology.give/offer a reward to sb.for(doing)sth.为为(做做)某事
18、而给某人报酬某事而给某人报酬 in reward(for)作为作为(对对的的)回报、奖赏回报、奖赏 reward sb.with sth.for(doing)sth.为为(做做)某事用某物奖赏某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人酬谢某人n.回报；奖励；报酬回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬奖励；奖赏；给以报酬(rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的有益的；有意义的)1rewardrewarding(2)I will reward you an electric bike helping me get rid of tobacco abuse.(3)我非常高兴向你介绍这个既有意义又重要的成人
19、礼我非常高兴向你介绍这个既有意义又重要的成人礼(coming-of-age ceremony)。成人礼过后，我们学生意识到我们必须更加努力学习，以。成人礼过后，我们学生意识到我们必须更加努力学习，以回报老师和父母的耐心教导。回报老师和父母的耐心教导。(2020天津，书面表达天津，书面表达)I am more than delighted to_.After that，we students have realized that we must study harder_.withintroduce the rewarding and importantforcoming-of-age cere
20、mony to youin reward for our teachers and parents patient guidancebe composed of/be made up of/be comprised of/consist of由由组成组成vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写组成；作曲；撰写(composer n.作曲家作曲家 composition n.组成；构成；创作；作品组成；构成；创作；作品)2compose(1)This man deserves his fame as one of the most popular _(composer)in Western musical
21、 posers(2)我强烈建议我们的英语电影欣赏课程由欣赏电影、讨论精彩台词和给我强烈建议我们的英语电影欣赏课程由欣赏电影、讨论精彩台词和给电影配音组成。电影配音组成。(应用文写作之建议信应用文写作之建议信)I strongly suggest that our English film appreciation course _enjoying the film，talking about wonderful movie lines and dubbing.(compose)I strongly suggest that our English film appreciation cours
22、e _enjoying the film，talking about wonderful movie lines and dubbing.(make up)(should)be(should)be composed ofmade up ofabsorb oneself inbe absorbed in全神贯注于全神贯注于absorb.from.从从中吸收中吸收vt.吸引全部注意力；使专心吸引全部注意力；使专心/全神贯注；吸收全神贯注；吸收(absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的专心致志的；全神贯注的)3absorb(1)As we all know，plants can absorb
23、 nutrients the soil around them.from(2)我的班主任全神贯注于他的教学，因此他经常忘了吃饭睡觉。我的班主任全神贯注于他的教学，因此他经常忘了吃饭睡觉。My headteacher ，so he frequently forgets about eating or sleeping.，my headteacher frequently forgets about eating or sleeping.(用形容词短语作状语改写用形容词短语作状语改写)，my headteacher frequently forgets about eating or sleepi
24、ng.(用现在分词短语作状语改写用现在分词短语作状语改写)absorbs himself in/is absorbed in his teachingAbsorbed in his teachingAbsorbing himself in teachingrely/depend/count on/upon sb./sth.指望指望/依靠某人依靠某人/某事某事rely on/upon sb.to do sth.指望指望/相信某人会做某事相信某人会做某事rely on/upon it that.相信相信；指望；指望依赖；依靠；信赖依赖；依靠；信赖(reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖可信赖的
25、；可依赖的；可靠的的；可靠的)4rely on/upon(1)You can rely on the responsible consultant (help)you out，because he is a (rely)person.to helpreliable(2)我最尊敬我叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一我最尊敬我叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。些实用的建议。(2020新高考全国新高考全国，应用文写作，应用文写作)I respect my uncle most because I can _whenever I am in trouble
26、.(rely on/upon sb.to do)I respect my uncle most because I can _whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that.)rely on/upon him to offer me somerely on/upon it that he can offerpractical suggestionsme some practical suggestions下定决心下定决心5make up ones mindchange ones mind改变主意改变主意bear/keep.in mind(bear/
27、keep in mind that.)将将记在心中记在心中come into ones mind进入某人的脑海进入某人的脑海mind ones own business别管闲事别管闲事fix ones mind on/upon.全神贯注于全神贯注于(1)首先，记住你最好按时或者比约定的时间早一些。首先，记住你最好按时或者比约定的时间早一些。First of all，that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.(2)一旦他下定决心，什么都不能改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在
28、一旦他下定决心，什么都不能改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情直到实现目标。做的事情直到实现目标。Once he ，nothing can .He will what he is doing until he achieves his goal.(3)突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海里。突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海里。Suddenly，a terrible thought .bear/keep in mindchange his mindhas made up his mindfix his mind on/uponcame into my mindunder stress在压力
29、之下在压力之下lay/place/put stress on/upon.强调强调疲惫不堪；焦虑不安疲惫不堪；焦虑不安(stressed adj.焦虑不安的焦虑不安的 stress n.压力压力 vt.强调强调 stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的压力重的；紧张的)6stressed out(1)When we are depressed or stressed ，home is always a shelter for us to have a rest.(2)每次我有压力时，我都会毫不犹豫地向我的父母求助。每次我有压力时，我都会毫不犹豫地向我的父母求助。，I will turn to
30、 my parents for help without hesitation.outEvery time I am under stress(3)正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们将来的职业发展非常重要。正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们将来的职业发展非常重要。learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.(it作形式主语作形式主语)，learning English well is of great importance to your career develop
31、ment in the future.(as引导非限制性定引导非限制性定语从句语从句)It has been stressed several times thatAs has been stressed several times 本本句中的句中的get refreshed是是get done结构，表示被动或变化。结构，表示被动或变化。常见常见的的get done结构：结构：get broken破破了了get punished受到惩罚受到惩罚 get hurt受到受到伤害伤害 get admitted被录取被录取 get married结婚结婚 get annoyed生气生气 get exc
32、ited激动激动 get separated被分开被分开I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends.通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。一起，并开始结识新朋友。7get+过去分词过去分词(1)简一意识到自己在树林里迷了路，就吓得哭了起来。简一意识到自己在树林里迷了路，就吓得哭了起来。(读后续写之恐读后续写之恐惧心理描写惧心理描写)The moment ，she was panic
33、ked into crying.(2)他生气了，双手颤抖。他生气了，双手颤抖。(读后续写之愤怒心理描写读后续写之愤怒心理描写)，his hands trembling.Jane realized that she got lost in the forestHe got annoyed(3)得知你被北京大学录取，我写信祝贺你。得知你被北京大学录取，我写信祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信应用文写作之祝贺信)，I am writing to congratulate you.(现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语)I am writing to congratulate you on_.(动名词的复合
34、结构动名词的复合结构)用法点拨用法点拨和和“be过去分词过去分词”一样，一样，“get过去分词过去分词”也能用于被也能用于被动结构和系表结构。用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结动结构和系表结构。用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。构时，它强调状态的变化。Learning that you got admitted to Peking Universityyour/you getting admitted toPeking University课文短语1become/be involved in 2tobacco or alcohol abuse3phy
35、sical and mental health 4act as5in response to 6rely on7facilitate a positive change吸烟成瘾或酗酒吸烟成瘾或酗酒身心健康身心健康充当；起充当；起的作用的作用作为对作为对的反应的反应 /响应响应依靠；依赖依靠；依赖Language Points:Important phrases (P14 P15)参与；卷入；与参与；卷入；与有关联有关联促进积极的改变促进积极的改变8take the stairs 9straight away10delete button11decide on删除键删除键决定；选定决定；选定立刻
36、；马上立刻；马上Language Points:Important phrases (P14 P15)走楼梯走楼梯1lack passion2get the flu 3suffer from a flu virus4within ones own power 5stress out 6day and night 7worn out 患流感患流感遭受流感病毒的折磨遭受流感病毒的折磨在自己能力所及范围之内在自己能力所及范围之内心力交瘁；疲惫不堪心力交瘁；疲惫不堪夜以继日夜以继日筋疲力尽的；疲惫的筋疲力尽的；疲惫的Language Points:Important phrases (P20 P21)缺乏激情缺乏激情8wear sb out 9take control of 10 stimulate ones motivation11 be mad for 12 enhance the quality of life13 get refreshed14 try out 掌控掌控适用（某人）；测试适用（某人）；测试对对着迷；热衷于着迷；热衷于提高生活质量提高生活质量 精神焕发精神焕发激发某人的动力激发某人的动力Language Points:Important phrases (P20 P21)使某人筋疲力竭使某人筋疲力竭感谢聆听
