1、Discovering Useful Structures By the end of this period,you will be able to1.identify and analyze the usage of direct speech and indirect speech.2.use indirect speech to express your ideas.3.raise the awareness of environmental protection.Q1.Can you find out what the following sentences have in comm
2、on?An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.Expert claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before,so it had to travel greater distances in order
3、 to find food.Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions,this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay._Observe and analyze:find out the differencesDirect SpeechIndirect Speech1The expert said,”From the position of its dead body,the
4、bear appeared to have starved and died.”The expert said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.2The reproter asked,”Will polar bears die out because of climate change?”The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.3The repo
5、rter asked,”How can we save polar bears from extinct?”The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.4“Lets work together to stop climate change,”the expert said.The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.1.“I dont know that,”he said.He said that he didnt know th
6、at.2.“I think this is your watch,”Li Hua said.Li Hua said that he thought that was my watch.3.“I have lived here for two years,”she said.She said that she had lived there for two years.4.“I will finish the paper today,”she said.She said that she would finish tha paper that day.5.“He will come as soo
7、n as possible,”she said.She said that he would go as soon as possible.6.The teacher asked,“Where have you been?”The teacher asked me where I had been.Observe and analyze 时态的变化时态的变化 代词的变化代词的变化 地点状语的变化地点状语的变化 时间状语的变化时间状语的变化 方向性动词的变化方向性动词的变化 语序的变化 Difference:Rules:Direct speech reports the exact words
8、of the speaker.Indirect speech reports what a speaker said in our own words.If we want to change direct speech into indirect speech,we will change tenses,pronouns,and other words when necessary.First,if a verb in quotation marks is in present tense,change to corresponding past tense;if a verb is in
9、simple past tense,change to past perfect tense.Second,person pronouns change according to the person of the object of the reporting verb.Third,adverbs that show nearness in direct speech are usually changed into words that show distance in direct speech.直接直接引语和间接引语引语和间接引语1.1.基本概念基本概念（1 1）直接引语：直接引述别人
10、的话，把它放在引号内，叫）直接引语：直接引述别人的话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语。直接引语。（2 2）间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。）间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。【点拨点拨】直接直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要作相应的变化词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要作相应的变化。Summary:2.人称的变化人称的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，人称的变化遵循以下原则。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称的变化遵循以下原则。（1）一随主：直接引语中出现的第一人称代词要按照引述动词的主语的人
11、称变化。）一随主：直接引语中出现的第一人称代词要按照引述动词的主语的人称变化。She said，“I wont be frustrated.”She said that she wouldnt be frustrated.她她说她说她不会沮丧的不会沮丧的。（2）二随宾：直接引语中出现的第二人称代词要按照引述动词的宾语的人称变化，）二随宾：直接引语中出现的第二人称代词要按照引述动词的宾语的人称变化，若引述动词后没有宾语，也可用第一人称。若引述动词后没有宾语，也可用第一人称。I told Mary，“We will protect you from infection.”I told Mary w
12、e would protect her from infection.我告诉玛丽我们会保护她不受感染。（3）第三人称不更新：直接引语出现的第三人称代词一般不需要变化。She said to me，“They want to decrease the amount of fat they eat.”She told me that they wanted to decrease the amount of fat they ate.她告诉我，他们想减少脂肪的摄入量。Summary:3.3.时态的变化时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句是过去的某种时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句是过去
13、的某种时态，则间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态，如下所示：则间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态，如下所示：一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）过去完成时（不变）过去进行时过去进行时 过去进行时（不变）过去进行时（不变）一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时Summary:【点拨点拨】（1）如果直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。My mother said to me，“The museum
14、 was completely transformed in 2017.”My mother told me that the museum was completely transformed in 2017.我母亲告诉我，图书馆在2017 年被彻底改造了。（2）如果直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。The geography teacher said to us，“The earth travels around the sun.”The geography teacher told us that the earth travels around the sun.地理老
15、师对我们说：“地球围绕太阳转。”Summary:4.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化（1）指示）指示代词代词this that these those He said to me，“This is the School Computer Centre.”He told me that was the School Computer Centre.（2）时间状语）时间状语now then today that day this morning/week that morning/week yesterday the day before yeste
16、rday morning the morning before next week the next week/the following weeklast week the week before two days ago two days before tomorrow the next day/the following day the day before yesterday two days before the day after tomorrow in two days time（3）地点）地点状语状语here there（4）动词动词come go bring take Sum
17、mary:5.句型句型的变化的变化（1）直接引语是陈述句，间接引语用连接词）直接引语是陈述句，间接引语用连接词 that 引导，引导，that 可省略。可省略。His mother said to me，“Mr Harry in charge of the work.”His mother told me that Mr Harry was in charge of the work.他的母亲告诉我他的母亲告诉我，亨利先生，亨利先生负责这项工作负责这项工作。（2）直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语用）直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语用 whether/if 引导，疑问语引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序，谓
18、语动词序变为陈述语序，谓语动词 say（said）改为）改为 ask（asked）。）。Mr Tonny said to me，“Are your injuries severe?”Mr Tonny asked me if/whether my injuries were severe.托尼先生托尼先生问我伤势是否严重问我伤势是否严重。Summary:（3）直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语用原来的疑问词引导，疑问语序变为陈）直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语用原来的疑问词引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序。述语序。Mary asked me，“When did the British prince beco
19、me infected with the disease?”Mary asked me when the British prince became infected with the disease.玛丽问我这位英国王子是什么时候染上这种病的玛丽问我这位英国王子是什么时候染上这种病的。（4）直接引语是祈使句，间接引语变为）直接引语是祈使句，间接引语变为 ask/tell/order sb.（not）to do sth.句式。句式。He said，“Dont subscribe to her view.”He told me not to subscribe to her view.他他告诉我
20、不要同意她的观点告诉我不要同意她的观点。【注意注意】祈使句中的祈使句中的 please 在间接引语中必须省略。在间接引语中必须省略。“Please pass me the pump，”he said to her.He asked her to pass him the pump.他他请她把水泵递给他请她把水泵递给他。Summary:Pratice-activity 1 Guess who students are talking to and then change the sentences into indrect speech.NameStatements/QuestionsDaine
21、“What made Hurricane Katrina unusual?”“Was it the worst natural disaster in American history?”Martha“I want to become a scientist and help the world.”“Im doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.”Bob“Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic?”“Could you explain how the nuclear disast
22、er happened?”Laura“How many animals have disappeared because of human hunting?”“What can we do to help wild animals?”Vincent“Ive never been to the Amazon Jungle.”“Will scientists discover new species there?”NameStatements/QuestionsDaineDaine asked what had made Hurricane Katrina unusual?Daine asked
23、if/whether it had been the worst natuarl disaster in American history?MarthaMartha said/told me that she want to become a scientist and help the world.Martha said/told me that she was doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.BobBob asked why nuclear power was a sensitive topic?Bob
24、 asked if/whether they could explain how the nuclear disaster had happened?LauraLaura asked how many animals had disappeared because of human hunting?Laura asked what we could do to help wild animals?VincentVincent said/told me that he had never been to the Amazon Jungle.Vincent asked if/whether sci
25、entists would discover new species there?1.Bill was driving too fast,so I told him to slow down.2.Mother was answering the phone,so she_.3.Sue was a little nervous about the exam,so I_.4.Sarah was carrying a large box in her hands and wanted to go out,so she asked_.5.I wanted to invite Mary out for
26、dinner,so I_.6.Jack just came back from his holiday.I_.7.William didnt show up at my party,so I_.8.The photographer was taking pictures of an old couple.He_.9.It was quite late when her son got home,so she_.A”Please slow down!”B“Could you hold the door for me,Henry?”C“Turn the volume down,Jim”D“Dont
27、 worry too much about it”E“Did you have a good time?”F“Why didnt you come to the party?”G“Do you like Italian food?”H“How long have you been married?”I“Just go to bed.”Activity 2 Ask students to read the sentences in the box and use them to complete the sentences that follow,using indirect speech as
28、 the example given.2 C.asked Jim to turn the volume down3 D.told her not to worry too much about it4 B.Henry if he could hold the door5 G.asked her if she liked Italian food6 E.asked them if he had had a good time7 F.asked him why he hadnt come to the party8 H.asked them how long they had been marri
29、ed9 I.told him to just go to bed I heard over the radio that.The reporter said that.It was announced that.The authorities warned that.Work in pairs.Report a piece of news that you heard today to your partner.The following expressions may help you.I heard over the radio that.I heard over the radio th
30、at we could recycle old clothes at the local school.The reporter said that many people had attended the meeting about local environmental issues.It was announced that a charge for plastic bags would be introduced next year.The authorities warned that there would be strict fines on anyone breaking th
31、e new environmental laws.The expert advised that.The researchers estimated that.The company claimed that.The police comfirmed that.The expert advised that action would be necessary in the next 12 years to stop global temperatures rising too much.The researchers estimated that the glacier had decreas
32、ed in size since last year.The company claimed that they had cut their factorys emissions by over 50%.The police confirmed that the gang had been responsible for the illegal waste dumping.MichelleI always use my cloth bag when I go shopping,rather than use plastic bags.JackI often walk or ride a bik
33、e instead of taking a taxi.SallyDont print out documents unless really necessary.JoeWould it be best to share books with others?One possible conversationI asked my group members what they did to limit the amount of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives.Jack told me that he often walked or rod
34、e a bike instead of taking a taxi.Joe advised us to share books with others.Sally asked us.Last month you met your former classmate Sarah,an exchange student from Canada.Here are some of the things she said to you.Now you are telling another friend what she said.Use indirect speech.Im living in Beij
35、ing now.I saw Helen at a party last week and she gave me her new cell phone number.I havent seen paul for a long time.Im applying to become a volunteer at the science museum.I dont take cooking classes any more,but I still enjoy cooking.Ill go to Xian for the coming holiday with my parents.Fill in t
36、he blanks(turn direct speech into indirect speech)1.“I never eat meat,”he said He said that_ never _ meat.2.“Ive found my wallet,he said to me.He_ me that he _wallet.3.I took it home with me,she said.She said that_ it home with her.4.The teacher said,The sun rises in the east and goes down in the we
37、st.”The teacher said that the sun_ in the east and_ down in the west.5.I met her yesterday,he said to me.He _me that he_ met her the day_.heate said tohad found hisshe had takenrisesgoes said tohadbefore6.You must come here before five,he saidHe said that I_ to go_before five.7.I bought the house 10
38、 years ago,he said.He said that he _bought the house 10 years_.8.He said to me,Did you see her last week?He_I had seen her the week _.9.He said,You can sit here.Jim.He _Jim that he _sit there.10.He asked,How did you find it,mother?He asked his mother _ found it.hadtherehadbeforeasked me if/whether b
39、eforesaid to couldhow she had11.Where have you been these days?he askedHe asked me _ been _ days.12.He said to me,Do you know where she lives?He asked_ knew where she_.13.Stop making so much noise,children,he said.He_ the children _ making so much noise.14.Don t tell him the news.she said.She told m
40、e _ him the news.15.He said to me,Are you interested in this?He_ I was interested in_.where I hadthoseme if/whether Ilived toldto stopnot to tellasked me if/whetherthat1.She said to me,Stop writing and listen to me.”_2.She said to me,Which one do you like best?_3.She asked me,Have you watched TV las
41、t night?”_4.Jim asked me,Are you busy today?”_5.The old worker said,Dont forget the past.”_She told me to stop writing and listen to her.She asked me which one I liked best.She asked me if/whether I had watched TV the night before.Jim asked me if/whether I was busy that day.The old worker told us no
42、t to forget the past.6.Pick said,I will take Mary here next time.”_7.Father asked me.Who broke the window?”_8.He said to me,Ive left my book in my room.”_9.She said,He will be busy.”_10.She said to Tom,Can you help me?”_Pick said that he would take Mary there the next time.Father asked me who had br
43、oken the window.He said to me that he had left his book in his room.She said that he would be busy.She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.11.She asked me,Is this book yours or his?”_12.The teacher asked,“How did you repair it?”_13.The teacher said to the students,Don t waste your time.”_14.The m
44、other said,Tom,get up early,please.”_15.The teacher said,“The earth goes around the sun.”_She asked me if/whether that book was mine or his.The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.The teacher told the students not to waste their time.The mother asked Tom to get up early.The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
