1、UNIT 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONbring aboutbring about引起；导致引起；导致(教材教材P28)P28)bring upbring up教育，抚养教育，抚养(孩子孩子)；提出；提出(议题等议题等)；呕吐；呕吐bring outbring out使显现；阐明；出版使显现；阐明；出版bring downbring down降低；减少降低；减少bring inbring in引进；赚得引进；赚得1 1好句背诵好句背诵We had to analyze what on earth brought about our We had to analyze wh
2、at on earth brought about our failure straight away.failure straight away.Our teaching consultant always can bring up good Our teaching consultant always can bring up good proposals to improve our ability.proposals to improve our ability.He never criticized usHe never criticized us，but used praise t
3、o bring out our but used praise to bring out our best.best.他从来不批评我们，而是用称赞使我们表现出最好的一面。他从来不批评我们，而是用称赞使我们表现出最好的一面。用上述短语的正确形式填空/单句写作Born into a family with three brothers，David was to value the sense of sharing.I tried to get them to the price，but they declined.He 8,000 yuan on a monthly basis.科学给我们的生活带
4、来了巨大变化。_brought upbring downbrings inScience has brought about great changes in our routine life.According to the report According to the report submittedsubmitted by researchers by researchers，between between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions 20 and 25 percent of all annual c
5、arbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.(are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.(教材教材P28)P28)submit submit vtvt.&.&vivi.提交；呈递；屈服提交；呈递；屈服2 2submit sth.to sb.submit sth.to sb.将某物提交给某人将某物提交给某人submit(oneself)tosubmit(oneself)to服从于；屈服于服从于；屈服于好句背诵好句背诵Please sub
6、mit your application forms to the company Please submit your application forms to the company before the deadline.before the deadline.Whenever I underwent difficultiesWhenever I underwent difficulties，never would I submit never would I submit(myself)to them.(myself)to them.单句写作单句写作 尽管他经常威胁我，我也决不向他屈服
7、。尽管他经常威胁我，我也决不向他屈服。_Although he often threatens me，I will never submit(myself)to him.Why is nuclear power a Why is nuclear power a sensitivesensitive topic?(topic?(教材教材P29)P29)sensitive sensitive adjadj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的3 3(1)be sensitive to 对对敏感敏感(2)a sense of direction/humor/responsibilit
8、y 方向方向/幽默幽默/责任感责任感make sense有道理；讲得通有道理；讲得通make sense of理解理解好句背诵好句背诵She is sensitive to strangers and does not like meeting new people.Having a good sense of direction，Jane wouldnt lose her way in the unfamiliar surroundings.Bernards plan to make popcorn to help Jack made sense.I cant make sense of t
9、he whole text，so Im writing to turn to you for assistance.完成句子Teachers need to _ the level of development of each student so as to help them better.老师需要密切关注每个学生的发展水平，以便更好地帮助他们。It is that make me respect her.正是她的友善和责任感让我尊重她。be sensitive toher friendliness and sense of responsibilityActivity 1Activity
10、 1阅读下列句子，认真感悟加颜色部分，并完成方框下的小题。阅读下列句子，认真感悟加颜色部分，并完成方框下的小题。(1)The expert said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died.(2)Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before.(3)The reporter asked，“How c
11、an we save polar bears from extinction？”(4)Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions，this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.(5)“Lets work together to stop climate change，”the expert said.英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引语，如英语中常用两种方式引用别
12、人说的话。一种是直接引语，如句句 和和 ；另一种是间接引语，如另一种是间接引语，如句句 、和和 。(3)(3)(5)(5)(1)(1)(2)(2)(4)(4)Activity 2Activity 2语法学习语法学习英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引述别人的英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话转述别原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话转述别人说的话，叫间接引语人说的话，叫间接引语。She saidShe said，“Im a dentist.”“Im a dentist.”她说：她说：“我是一名牙医
13、。我是一名牙医。”(”(直接引语直接引语)She said that she was a dentist.She said that she was a dentist.她说她是一名牙医。她说她是一名牙医。(间接引语间接引语)如果把直接引语变为间接引语，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、如果把直接引语变为间接引语，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要做相应的改变。其变动的一般规则时间状语和地点状语等一般均要做相应的改变。其变动的一般规则如下：如下：一、人称变化的三原则一、人称变化的三原则1.“1.“第一人称随主第一人称随主”原则原则如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人所修
14、饰，在间接引语如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。Mary saidMary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”“I want to have a computer of my own.”玛丽说：玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(”(直接引语中为第一人称直接引语中为第一人称)Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.Mary said
15、 that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。玛丽说她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中主语随主句主语间接引语中主语随主句主语改为第三人称改为第三人称)2.“2.“第二人称随宾第二人称随宾”原则原则如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，在间如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。Her coll
16、eague said to herHer colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说：她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？你向谁请了假？”(”(直接引语中为第二人称直接引语中为第二人称)Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中主语随主句
17、宾语改为第三间接引语中主语随主句宾语改为第三人称人称)3.“3.“第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”原则原则指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要称或被第三人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。变化。Mr Li saidMr Li said，“Jack is a good worker.”“Jack is a good worker.”李先生说：李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。杰克是一位好工人。”(”(直接引语的主语为第三人称直接引语的主语为第三人称)M
18、r Li said Jack was a good worker.Mr Li said Jack was a good worker.李先生说杰克是一位好工人。李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(间接引语中人称不变间接引语中人称不变)二、时态的变化二、时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，则间接引语的时态直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，则间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示：相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示：直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语句子时态句子时态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成
19、时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时直接引语为现在进行时)His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他他们计划去野餐。他的朋友告诉他他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时间接引语为过去进行时)The organizer said
20、，“We have begun our plan.”组织者说：组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时直接引语为现在完成时)The organizer said that they had begun their plan.组织者说他们已开始了他们的计划。组织者说他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时间接引语为过去完成时)注意：直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：注意：直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：1.1.直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言；直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言；2.2.直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。直接引语
21、中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。My teacher said to us yesterdayMy teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch“Early birds catch worms.”worms.”昨天老师对我们说：昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(”(直接引语是谚语直接引语是谚语)My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.
22、worms.昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(间接引语时态不变间接引语时态不变)三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化引语引语用词用词直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词thisthis这个这个thatthat那个那个thesethese这些这些thosethose那些那些时间状语时间状语nownow现在现在thenthen那时那时todaytoday今天今天that daythat day那天那天this morningthis morning今天上午今天上午 that mornin
23、gthat morning那天上午那天上午时间状语tonight今天晚上that night那天晚上tomorrow明天the next/following day第二天yesterday昨天the day before前一天last night昨天晚上the night before前一天晚上the day before yesterday前天two days before两天前three days ago三天前three days before三天前next week下一周the next/following week第二周ago(ago(至今至今)以前以前before(before(那时
24、那时)以前以前地点状语地点状语herehere这儿这儿therethere那儿那儿方向性动词方向性动词bringbring带来带来taketake带走带走comecome来来gogo去去She askedShe asked，“Is this book his“Is this book his？”她问：她问：“这本书是他的吗？这本书是他的吗？”(”(直接引语中用直接引语中用this)this)She asked whether that book was his.She asked whether that book was his.她问那本书是不是他的。她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为间
25、接引语中改为that)that)“Ill be very busy today“Ill be very busy today，”said the man.”said the man.那个人说：那个人说：“我今天会很忙。我今天会很忙。”(”(直接引语中用直接引语中用today)today)The man said he would be very busy that day.The man said he would be very busy that day.那个人说那天他会很忙。那个人说那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为间接引语中改为that day)that day)四、连接词的选择1.直接引
26、语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”He said(that)he was cooking when the earthquake happened.2.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(.or.或.or not)或if引导。He said，“Are you interested in English？”He asked(me)if/whether I was interested in Engl
27、ish.注意：如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。3.3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“Whats your name“Whats your name？”he asked me.”he asked me.He asked me what my name was.He asked me what my name was.注意：疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述注意
28、：疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。语序。五、直接引语为祈使句时的变化五、直接引语为祈使句时的变化当直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引当直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用语的口气换用ask，invite，advise，warn，tell，order等词，而原等词，而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。He said to me，“Dont be late tomorrow.”He told me not to be late the next day.The official sai
29、d，“Get ready before lunch.”The official ordered us to get ready before lunch.将下列间接引语变为直接引语将下列间接引语变为直接引语1.He asked the boy why he had been late again.1.He asked the boy why he had been late again._2.He asked me to shut the window.2.He asked me to shut the window._3.The 3.The doctor told me not to dri
30、nk too much.doctor told me not to drink too much._He asked the boyHe asked the boy，“Why were you late again“Why were you late again？”He said to meHe said to me，“Shut the window“Shut the window，please.”please.”The doctor said to meThe doctor said to me，“Dont drink too“Dont drink too much.”much.”4.The
31、 old man said that the boys over there were playing 4.The old man said that the boys over there were playing football.football._5.The 5.The teacher told us that we would have an English test teacher told us that we would have an English test the next Saturday.the next Saturday._The old man said，“The
32、 boys over there are playing football.”The teacher said to us，“We will have an English test next Saturday.”A few minutes later，the other two cyclists arrived.They were shocked to find Macs bicycle lying on the road，his tent bag torn and Mac just like a drowned mouse.They asked anxiously 1._ (到底发生了什么
33、).Mac responded breathlessly that 2._ (他差点被一只狼吃掉).When told about 3._ (Mac经历了什么)，they couldnt help screaming out，“What a narrow escape！”“Yes，without their timely help,4._ (我早已经是狼的盘中餐了).”.根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列短文根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列短文what onearth had happenedhe was almost eaten by a wolfwhat Mac had experiencedI w
34、ould have been the food of the wolf Macs friends were also thankful to Paul and Becky.Afraid that there might be more potential dangers ahead，Paul and Becky asked kindly 5._ (他们是否需要搭便车).Mac and his friends answered with one voice，“(我们乐意).Thank you from the bottom of our hearts！”whether/if they were in need of a liftwhether/if they were in need of a liftWedWedlove tolove toThankyouforlistening!
