1、Lesson FourInaugural Address J.F.Kennedy Objectives of Teaching1.To comprehend the whole text2.To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions3.To learn to paraphrase the difficult sentences4.To understand the structure of the text5.To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Aims 1.To kno
2、w the features of a political speech.2.To analyze the structure of this address3.To appreciate the language features of Kennedys address4.To be acquainted with some English speechesTeaching Contents1.J.F.Kennedy 2.The characteristics of a political speech 3.Detailed study of the text 4.Organizationa
3、l pattern5.Language features 6.Exercises 7.English speechTime allocation1.John Kennedy (15 min.)2.The characteristics of a political speech(10 min.)3.Detailed study of the text(100 min.)4.Structure analysis(15 min.)5.Language appreciation(15 min.)6.English speeches(25 min)John Fitzgerald Kennedy *4i
4、mage-1,2,3*Kennedy,35th president,Democrat,was born on May 29 1917 in Brookline,Mass,the son of Joseph P.Kennedy,financier,who later became ambassador to Great Britain.He entered Harvard,received a BS from Harvard 1940.He served in the Navy and won the Navy and Marine Corps Medal.John Fitzgerald Ken
5、nedy He wrote Profiles in Courage,勇敢者传略which won a Pulitzer prize.1947-1952 served as representative in the congress1952 elected to the senate1960 He won the Democratic nomination for president and defeated Richard M.Nixon,RepublicanJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy Kennedy family-fully engaged in politicsJos
6、eph Patrick Kennedy-father(1888-1969)US ambassador to Britainborn in Bostongraduated from HarvardJoseph Patrick Kennedy *4image-4 Joseph Kennedy*He engaged in bankingshipbuildinginvestment bankingmotion-picture distributiona millionaire at 30 years oldJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy1.35th President of the U
7、.S.(1961-1963)2.a democrat,an eloquent speaker3.the youngest man ever elected to the presidency4.born in Massachusetts,inherited a background of politics wealth and determination5.a CatholicJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy6.As president,he faced the Civil Rights problem at home and Cuba crisis of 1962.7.His
8、assassination at Dallas in November 1963 was a shock from which the U.S.has found it hard to recover and the murder is still a riddle.* coincidences between President Lincoln and President Kennedy Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846.John F.Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.Abraham
9、Lincoln was elected President in 1860.John F.Kennedy was elected President in 1960.Lincoln and Kennedy The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters.Both were particularly concerned with civil rights.Both wives lost their children while living in the White House.Both Presidents were shot
10、on a Friday.Both were shot in the head.Lincoln and Kennedy Lincolns secretary was named Kennedy.Kennedys secretary was named Lincoln.Both were assassinated by Southerners.Both were succeeded by Southerners.Both successors were named Johnson.Lincoln and Kennedy Andrew Johnson,who succeeded Lincoln,wa
11、s born in 1808.Lyndon Johnson,who succeeded Kennedy,was born in 1908.John Wilkes Booth,accused of assassinating Lincoln,was born in 1839.Lee Harvey Oswald,accused of assassinating Kennedy,was born in 1939.Lincoln and Kennedy Both assassins were known by their three names.Both names comprise fifteen
12、letters.Booth ran from the theatre and was caught in a warehouse.Oswald ran from a warehouse and was caught in a theatre.Booth and Oswald were both assassinated before their trials.John Fitzgerald Kennedy contributions:1.His most important act was his successful demand on Oct.22.1962 that the Soviet
13、 Union dismantle its missile bases in Cuba.*4image-5map*2.He established a quarantine of arms shipments to Cuba and continued surveillance by air.contributions:3.He defied Soviet attempts to force the Allies out of Berlin.*4image-6,7,8*4.He made the steel industry rescind a price rise.contributions:
14、5.He backed a civil rightsb a mental health programc arbitration of railroad disputesd expanded medical care for the aged e astronaut flights and satellite orbitingInauguration DayOn January 20 since 1937On April 30,1789,George Washington stepped onto a balcony of Federal Hall in New York City,place
15、d his hand on a Bible and swore to preserve,protest and defend the constitution of the United States.Inauguration DayHe then read an earnest speech,calling for united and effective government.Thus began a unique American institution-Inauguration Day-those dramatic hours when a new president faces th
16、e people for the first time.He must tell the people what hes going to do as president.*4iamge-9*Inaugural Address Memorable words have been uttered in inaugural address.It is a speech,lecture officially made by a person on taking office.the purpose of a political speech to persuade to explain to con
17、vince people to accept his point of view,to accept what he says so as to support himCharacteristics:1.The order is clear.Each para.has its own topic.2.The tone is appropriate.He uses different tone to different people.Characteristics:3.The style is rigid.It is made beforehand.So it is a sort of writ
18、ten language.4.The language is rhetorical.parallelism,metaphor,antithesis,balanced structure,repetition of words and phrases-for force,vividness and emotional appeal.General analysis of a political speech1.He must try every possible means to arouse the feelings of audience.What he says represents th
19、e interests of the whole people.successful appeal to the emotion of the audienceGeneral analysis of a political speech 2.specific policyThe speech must have high-sounding words and empty promises3.The speech must be concise and shortGeneral analysis of a political speech 4.clever-choice of words to
20、convey different meanings/tones.5.the use of biblical style to make it formal/rigid.6.the use of a lot of rhetorical devices to make his address as powerful/impressive as possible.The social background In what period in history did Kennedy become president?in 1960sThe social background Cold war is s
21、th.which marks the situation in 1960s.The world is mainly divided into two hostile camps.1)socialist camp-headed by the Soviet Union2)capitalist camp-headed by the USThe camps opposed each other politically.John Fitzgerald Kennedy The text*Kennedys address 音频*Detailed study of the text:Para1 opening
22、 paragraphimportance/significance of his election as president of the US1.observe 2.celebratefreedom-We celebrate freedom.People in the US are free to choose their president.antithesis:end-the end of Eisenhowers presidential termbeginning-the beginning of Kennedys presidential termrenewal-the contin
23、uation of presidency and office of presidentchange-the change from Eisenhower to Kennedyas well as-well balanced structure in Para.1solemn-refer almost exclusive to an extremely formal and inspiring religious ritual.(grave)very serious.a oath 庄严的誓言a dedication to the cause of freedom 为自由事业而始终不渝的献身pr
24、escribe -set down/imposeWhat punishment does the law prescribe for this crime?Government schools must work for a prescribed number of days each year.Good citizens do what the laws prescribe.Someone who behaves as foolishly as you have no right to prescribe how others should behave.Para.2 the general
25、 situation of this worldtopic sentence-The world is very different.In what way is the world different?The world is different in the way of science and technology.People have modern and advanced science and technology.the power-the power of science and technologywith the help of science and technolog
26、y1.People can become very rich.2.People can be exterminated.Science can be used to get rid of poverty.Science can be used to destroy all human beings.revolutionary belief-human rightsAll men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away
27、from them.see:Note 3generosity,benevolence,good will,kindness,unselfishness These words refer to a well wishing friendliness or concern for the needs and desires of other people.benevolence It has the widest range of any of these words suggesting an expansive and good-humored tolerance and sympathy
28、for others 对别人善意的宽容与同情Working conditions were sought as a right,not as a of their employer.寻求良好的工作环境是权利，而不是雇主的恩赐。generosity-focuses exclusively on the aspect of givingreferring to an unstintingly helpful act or habitthe generosity with which he shared his toys with other children比较benevolence-an una
29、cted-upon feelinggenerosity-actual behavior eg.He was a plantation owner who looked on his slaves with benevolence but could hardly be accused of treating them with generosity.他是一个以仁慈之心看待他的奴隶而谈不上慷慨厚待他们的庄园主。good will good will-referring primarily to feelingkindness-to actionHe insisted that he wanted
30、 only her good will,not her kindness.他坚持只领她的好意，而非她的帮助（怜悯）。unselfishness-point to a generosity that is based on a lack of self-concern,where generosity may emphasize the quantity given,possibly for ostentatious reasons,unselfishness stress the effacing personal sacrifice required-even if a lessen amo
31、unt is given.强调具备自我牺牲和自我埋没的行动unselfishness-It was the tax deduction involved,rather than unselfishness,that prompted his generosity to the charity drive.促使他对慈善事业大施援手的动力不是无私之心而是为了减税。at issue-undecided,in disputeThe point at issue is whether you are willing to go abroad or not.That is not the point at
32、 issue.without issue to die without childrenHe died without issue.Para.3 general policy of the UShuman rightstorchThis refers to the privilege and burden of leading the nation being passed to a new generation.The original reference is to the Olympic games before which a torch is carried from runner
33、to runner.The flame of the torch eventually lights a fire that signals the opening of Olympics.torch-metaphordutyrevolutionresponsibility-of keeping human rightsheritage-all the qualities,traditions or features of life that have been continued over many years and passed on from one generation to ano
34、ther,used especially to refer to things that are of historical importance or that have had a strong influence on society.heritagePeking opera is part of our cultural heritage.This building is part of British national heritage.inheritance-1.money or property which you receive from someone who is dead
35、2.a situation or state of affairs which has been influenced by a particular event,person,book etc.(heritage)commit-commit oneself to(doing)sth be committed to sth/doing sth-promise/pledge to do/support sth Allan has been committed to staying there for a long mit-He has been committed to equal rights
36、 for women.Deeply committed to his religion,he has often spoken out against greed and misuse of power.Nobody committed themselves to a definite answer.general policy of the USPeople in the US must keep and defend human rights not only in the US but also in the world as well.Para.4 strong determinati
37、onKennedy puts the US to the leader,so he says in order to keep human rights,we shall.survival and the success of liberty 1.the survival and the success of free democratic countries.2.the newly independent third world countriesPara 5.transitionA one sentence paragraph that functions as a transition
38、from the general to the specific.In the following paragraphs he will be addressing different specific groups of nations.This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.Para.6 the specific policy toward his friends and would-be friendsallies-ally.Britain,Canada,New Zealand,Australia,/West Europe
39、an countriesa country that has a treaty or an agreement to help and support another country,esp.during a war.allied-adj.the Allied and Associated Powers 协约国 WWIthe Allied Military Government 联合国民政府 WWIIcultural and spiritual origins-1.speak the same language/belong to the some language family2.have
40、the same religious beliefantithesis-United we can do everything.Divided we can do nothing.-the importance of unitya powerful challenge-a strong,powerful threat posed by the socialist campIf we are quarreling and split apart,we can not compete with the strong,powerful enemy in front of us.Para.7 Whom
41、 did he address?-some newly independent countriesPara.7 1)He promises to aid(support)the newly independent countries so that they can remain free and independent.ranks of the free-the community of free and independent nationsa far more iron tyranny-a communist dictatorshipriding the back of a tiger-
42、Compare seeking the aid of socialist countries to riding he back of a tigerPara.72)Those countries which foolishly seek the aid of socialist countries will end up by losing their independence as many other countries did in the past.It is dangerous to ride the back of the tiger.If you do,you will be
43、swallowed up by the tiger.You will lose your power and independence.Para 8 Whom did he address?the developing countries half the globe-the continents of Africa and Asia constitute almost one half of the land surface of the globe.bonds-chains,fetters(pl)1.chains,ropes that are used to tie down a pris
44、oner2.(fig)a feeling,duty or custom that forces you to behave in a particular wayhelp them help-We pledge to help them on condition that they do their best and do what we ask them to do.Para.9 He is speaking to Latin American countries.Usually the US regards the Latin American countries as the backy
45、ard of the US,for it has special interest in these countries.sister-careful choice of word,implying equal relationship,one familymutual good relationspeaceful revolution=a new alliance for progressprey-metaphorcomparing peaceful revolution to an animal which might fall victim to enemy nations.We wil
46、l not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.Para.91.He offered special pledge that all Latin American countries to work together to make progress.2.He warned the enemies not to interfere in the internal affairs of these countri
47、es,because we are master of this hemisphere.Para.10 He is addressing the United Nations.The UN is our last and best hope of survival in a world where the instruments of war have far surpassed and exceeded the instruments of peace.Para.10instruments of war-weapons,bombs,for waging warsinstruments of
48、peace-machines,tools for producing goodsPara.101)to prevent the UN from becoming an assembly where people just criticize,insult and abuse each other2)to strengthen the power of UN to protect the newly independent and weak nations3)to enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue
49、 to be in effect or in forcePara.11 He is speaking to the enemies,especially the Soviet Union.make themselves our adversary-clever choice of wordsThis phrase throws the blame for confrontation and world tension on the other party.The US has done nothing to create enemies.Its the other side that is c
50、hallenging the US.not pledge-not promisebut a request-but asking the other side to consider his proposal1)point out dangerdanger-self destruction(the Third World War)Advanced weapons will destroy the whole mankindwhether intentionally or accidentallyPara.11 anew-again,in a new or different wayquest-
