1、Accounting EnglishAccounting English Why do you take the course of Accounting Why do you take the course of Accounting English?English?What are the learning objectives of What are the learning objectives of Accounting English?Accounting English?Is Accounting English difficult?Is Accounting English d
2、ifficult?Suggestions for studySuggestions for studyPreviewing the text is very important.Previewing the text is very important.An English Chinese Dictionary of AccountingAn English Chinese Dictionary of Accounting，英汉双解财会词典英汉双解财会词典，外，外语教学与研究出版社，语教学与研究出版社，英英 P.H.Collin,Adrian Joliffe P.H.Collin,Adrian
3、 Joliffe 编，张炜等译，编，张炜等译，20022002年年9 9月第月第1 1版版CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1ACCOUNTING:ACCOUNTING:THE BASIS FOR DECISIONSTHE BASIS FOR DECISIONSLearning ObjectivesLearning Objectives Explain the definition of accounting;Explain the definition of accounting;Understand the basic function of accounting;Understand t
4、he basic function of accounting;Ascertain the users of accounting information and know Ascertain the users of accounting information and know why they need the information;why they need the information;Understand the types of accounting information;Understand the types of accounting information;Have
5、 a general idea of the professional fields of Have a general idea of the professional fields of accounting and their duties.accounting and their duties.Learn the accounting terms in this chapter and use them Learn the accounting terms in this chapter and use them in the translation task.in the trans
6、lation task.Accounting Accounting 会计（学）会计（学）Accountant Accountant 会计师会计师 Bean Counter Bean Counter 数豆子的人数豆子的人Different expressions about“Different expressions about“企业企业”in English in English BusinessBusinessEnterpriseEnterpriseFirmFirm Company Company Corporation Corporation Definition of Accountin
7、gDefinition of AccountingAccounting is an Accounting is an information systeminformation system designed to record,classify and summarize designed to record,classify and summarize systematically significant financial and other economic information about business systematically significant financial
8、and other economic information about business firms,and analyses and interprets its results,with firms,and analyses and interprets its results,with monetary unitmonetary unit as its as its main criterionmain criterion.Accounting:Information for Decision Accounting:Information for Decision MakingMaki
9、ngThe primary objective of accountingThe primary objective of accounting to provide information that is useful for making decisions.to provide information that is useful for making decisions.Users of Accounting InformationUsers of Accounting InformationExternal usersInternal usersUsers of Accounting
10、 InformationUsers of Accounting InformationInternal users of accounting informationInternal users of accounting informationQuestion:Question:How to define internal users of accounting information?How to define internal users of accounting information?Who are internal users of accounting information?
11、Who are internal users of accounting information?Which decisions made by the management Which decisions made by the management？Internal users of accounting informationInternal users of accounting information Owe Owe 欠债欠债 Owe to sb.Owe to sb.欠某人的债欠某人的债 Meet=pay off Meet=pay off 偿还偿还 Mature=be due v.M
12、ature=be due v.到期到期 Maturity n.Maturity n.到期到期 Inventory=stock Inventory=stock 存货存货 Expense Expense 费用费用 Revenue Revenue 收入收入 Earnings=profits Earnings=profits 利润利润 Plant Plant 工厂，植物，机器设备工厂，植物，机器设备Internal users of accounting informationInternal users of accounting informationQuestion:Question:Which
13、 decisions are to be made by internal users except for management?Which decisions are to be made by internal users except for management?External users of accounting informationExternal users of accounting informationQuestion:Question:How to define external users of accounting information?How to def
14、ine external users of accounting information?Who are external users of accounting information?Who are external users of accounting information?Could the accountant provide accounting information to meet the needs of diverse Could the accountant provide accounting information to meet the needs of div
15、erse users?users?Who are the two primary external users of accounting information?Who are the two primary external users of accounting information?External users of accounting informationExternal users of accounting information课后自学课后自学P7P7第第1 1段段Question:Question:Which decisions are to be made by ex
16、ternal users?Which decisions are to be made by external users?Objective of External Financial ReportingObjective of External Financial ReportingWhat is the objective of external financial reporting?What is the objective of external financial reporting?Operation performance Operation performance 经营成果
17、经营成果Financial position Financial position 财务状况财务状况Cash flow Cash flow 现金流现金流Return of investment Return of investment 投资回收投资回收Return on investment Return on investment 投资回报投资回报课后自学课后自学P8P8第第2 2和第和第4 4段段练习：练习：P13 Exercises 1P13 Exercises 1Types of accounting informationTypes of accounting information
18、 Financial AccountingFinancial Accounting Management Accounting Management Accounting Tax AccountingTax AccountingFinancial AccountingFinancial Accounting Financial accounting information describes the Financial accounting information describes the financial position(financial position(财务状况财务状况),res
19、ult of operation(),result of operation(经经营成果营成果),and cash flow(),and cash flow(现金流现金流)of an economic entity.)of an economic entity.Question:Question:Who use the financial accounting information?Who use the financial accounting information?Income tax returns Income tax returns 纳税申报纳税申报 Prepare income
20、 tax returnsPrepare income tax returns编制纳税申报编制纳税申报 General-purpose accounting information General-purpose accounting information 通用会计信息通用会计信息 Management Accounting Management AccountingQuestion:Question:Whats the purpose of management accounting?Whats the purpose of management accounting?课后自学课后自学P5P
21、5第第5 5段段Tax AccountingTax AccountingQuestion:Question:What functions does tax accounting encompass?What functions does tax accounting encompass?Confirm to/with Confirm to/with 与与 相一致相一致Minimize the tax burden Minimize the tax burden 使税负最小化使税负最小化 private accountingpublic accounting accounting for gov
22、ernments and nonprofit organizationsPublic AccountingPublic AccountingCPA(Certified Public Accountants)CPA(Certified Public Accountants)CPA firmCPA firm 普华永道普华永道(Price Waterhouse Coopers(Price Waterhouse Coopers，PwC)PwC)安永安永(Ernst&Young(Ernst&Young，E&Y)E&Y)毕马威毕马威(KPMG)(KPMG)德勤德勤(Deloitte Touche Tohm
23、atsu(Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu，DTT)DTT)安达信安达信(Arthur Andersen)(Arthur Andersen)(已倒闭已倒闭)EnronEnron ACCA(Association of Chartered Certificated ACCA(Association of Chartered Certificated Accountants)Accountants)http:/http:/ AICPA(American Institute of CPA)http:/www.aicpa.orgAICPA(American Institute of C
24、PA)http:/www.aicpa.org CICPA(Chinese Institute of CPA)CICPA(Chinese Institute of CPA)http:/http:/ practicing members practicing members non-practicing membersnon-practicing members Auditing Auditing 审计，审计学审计，审计学Audit Audit Internal/external auditing Internal/external auditing AuditorAuditorThe prima
25、ry services offered by CPAThe primary services offered by CPAAuditing Auditing Income tax services Income tax services Management advisory(consultancy or consulting)servicesManagement advisory(consultancy or consulting)servicesPrivate AccountingPrivate AccountingManagement accountants Management acc
26、ountants 管理会计师管理会计师 The Institute of Management AccountantsThe Institute of Management Accountants（美国管理会计师协会美国管理会计师协会，简称，简称IMAIMA）Certified Management Accountant(Certified Management Accountant(美国注册管理会计师，简称美国注册管理会计师，简称CMA)CMA)Controller Controller 总会计师，会计主管总会计师，会计主管Treasurer Treasurer 财务主管财务主管CFOCFO
27、What are the responsibilities of accountants at the private business?What are the responsibilities of accountants at the private business?The responsibilities of accountants at the The responsibilities of accountants at the private businessprivate businessRecording transactions and preparing financi
28、al statementsRecording transactions and preparing financial statementsDesign of accounting systemDesign of accounting systemCost accounting Cost accounting Internal control and auditingInternal control and auditingAccounting for Governments and Accounting for Governments and Nonprofit OrganizationsN
29、onprofit OrganizationsAccounting Ethic Accountants have a significant responsibility to the public.Why?Ethics are beliefs that distinguish right from wrong.They are accepted standards of good and bad behavior.Many professional organization have codes of ethics or professional conduct that direct the
30、 activities of their members.AICPAs Code of Professional Conduct Chinese Certified Public Accountants Code of Professional Ethics QuestionsQuestions 1.What is accounting?1.What is accounting?2.What are the three types of accounting 2.What are the three types of accounting information?information?3.W
31、hats the difference between 3.Whats the difference between accounting and bookkeeping?accounting and bookkeeping?4.How do accountants perform their work?4.How do accountants perform their work?QuestionsQuestions 5.Define the internal and external users of 5.Define the internal and external users of
32、accounting information.accounting information.6.Identify at least five types of managers 6.Identify at least five types of managers who are internal users of accounting who are internal users of accounting information.information.7.Explain how does each group of 7.Explain how does each group of info
33、rmation users apply accounting information users apply accounting information.information.QuestionsQuestions 8.What are the three broad areas in the 8.What are the three broad areas in the fields of accounting?fields of accounting?9.What are their difference?9.What are their difference?10.Why are pr
34、ofessional ethics crucial in 10.Why are professional ethics crucial in accounting?accounting?11.What are the three forms of business 11.What are the three forms of business organizations?organizations?CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKTHEORETICAL FRAMEWORKUNDERLIYING FINANCIAL UNDERLIYING FINAN
35、CIAL ACCOUNTINGACCOUNTINGLearning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesKnow the conceptual framework for financial reportingKnow the conceptual framework for financial reportingKnow the qualitative characteristics of accounting informationKnow the qualitative characteristics of accounting informationDescrib
36、e the elements of financial statementsDescribe the elements of financial statementsUnderstand the basic assumptions and the basic principles of accountingUnderstand the basic assumptions and the basic principles of accounting Learn the accounting terms in this chapter and use them in the translation
37、 task.Learn the accounting terms in this chapter and use them in the translation task.Accounting theoryAccounting theory What does accounting theory consist of?What does accounting theory consist of?Where do they come from?Where do they come from?Nature of a Theoretical Nature of a Theoretical Frame
38、work Framework(Conceptual Framework)(Conceptual Framework)Definition of a Conceptual FrameworkDefinition of a Conceptual FrameworkThe conceptual framework is a The conceptual framework is a coherent coherent system of interrelated system of interrelated objectivesobjectives and and fundamentals fund
39、amentals that is expected to lead to that is expected to lead to consistent standardsconsistent standards and that prescribes and that prescribes the nature,function,and limits of financial accounting and reporting.the nature,function,and limits of financial accounting and reporting.Enhance the unde
40、rstandability and comparability of financial reporting Enhance the understandability and comparability of financial reporting Solve the new and emerging practical problemsSolve the new and emerging practical problemsContribute to the development and application of accounting standardsContribute to t
41、he development and application of accounting standards Roles of a Conceptual FrameworkRoles of a Conceptual Framework美国财务会计准则委员会美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)(FASB)发布的系列概念公告是迄今为止最完整、发布的系列概念公告是迄今为止最完整、最系统的概念框架研究成果。最系统的概念框架研究成果。Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board(FASB，美国财务
42、会计，美国财务会计准则委员会准则委员会)A private,not-for-profit organization.The A private,not-for-profit organization.The FASB follows due process FASB follows due process（充分程序充分程序）rules and seeks rules and seeks public input at various points in GAAP development through public input at various points in GAAP develop
43、ment through“Exposure Drafts”“Exposure Drafts”（征求意见稿征求意见稿）.http:/www.fasb.org http:/www.fasb.org Securities and Exchange Commission(SECSecurities and Exchange Commission(SEC，美国证券交易委，美国证券交易委员会员会)The federal agency that has authority to determine The federal agency that has authority to determine GAAP
44、 for public companies whose stock is traded on Stock GAAP for public companies whose stock is traded on Stock Exchange.In essence,the SEC has acquiesced Exchange.In essence,the SEC has acquiesced（默许）（默许）its its role to to establish GAAP to the FASB.role to to establish GAAP to the FASB.Current Stand
45、ard Setting Current Standard Setting FASB FASBwww.fasb.orgwww.fasb.orgEstablished in 1973.Established in 1973.Supported by the Financial Accounting FoundationSupported by the Financial Accounting Foundation（财务会计基金（财务会计基金）.Seven full-time,independent voting members Seven full-time,independent voting
46、members serving for 10 years.serving for 10 years.Members not required to be CPAs.Members not required to be CPAs.Statement of financial accounting concepts,SFAC,Statement of financial accounting concepts,SFAC,财务会计概念公告财务会计概念公告Statement of financial accounting standards,SFASs,Statement of financial a
47、ccounting standards,SFASs,财务会计准则公告财务会计准则公告Interpretation of the SFASs,Interpretation of the SFASs,财务会计准则解释财务会计准则解释美国财务会计概念公告一览表美国财务会计概念公告一览表 SFAC No.1 Objectives of Financial Reporting by Business SFAC No.1 Objectives of Financial Reporting by Business EnterpriseEnterprise SFAC No.2 Qualitative Char
48、acteristics of Accounting InformationSFAC No.2 Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information SFAC No.3 Elements of Financial Statements of Business SFAC No.3 Elements of Financial Statements of Business EnterpriseEnterprise（被（被SFAC No.6SFAC No.6取代）取代）SFAC No.4 Objectives of Financial Reporti
49、ng by Nonbusiness SFAC No.4 Objectives of Financial Reporting by Nonbusiness OrganizationOrganization SFAC No.5 SFAC No.5 Recognition and Measurement in Financial Statement Recognition and Measurement in Financial Statement of Business Enterpriseof Business Enterprise SFAC No.6 Elements of Financial
50、 StatementsSFAC No.6 Elements of Financial Statements（取代（取代SFAC No.3SFAC No.3和和部分修订部分修订 SFAC No.62SFAC No.62）SFAC No.7 Using Cash Flow Information and Present Value in SFAC No.7 Using Cash Flow Information and Present Value in Accounting MeasurementsAccounting Measurements（对（对SFAC No.5SFAC No.5第第676
